En dépit de l’impressionnante capacité technoscientifique des sociétés modernes, et en grande partie justement à ce titre, plusieurs indicateurs ne laissent aucun doute quant à la destruction accélérée de la nature de la planète. Bien que des signes de cette dégradation aient été perçus à divers moments de l’Histoire, c’est à partir des effets de la Révolution Industrielle que l’Homme, pour la première fois à une échelle visible, prend conscience de son rôle en tant qu’agent du changement environnemental et décide de s’organiser pour combattre les effets négatifs de ces changements. Il s’agit d’un jalon essentiel pour les objectifs contemporains de protection de l’environnement, qui a eu pour conséquence d’une part, la constitution d’un segment autonome de la société concerné par la protection de la nature, et d’autre part l’institutionnalisation d’un outil opérationnel privilégié : l’Aire naturelle protégée.Sans surprise, les instruments juridiques des Aires protégées font partie aujourd’hui des droits de la plupart des pays et couvrent une partie importante de la surface de la planète. Toutefois, cela ne doit pas occulter que le succès des Aires protégées auprès des gouvernements des pays est un phénomène relativement récent et qui résulte des profonds changements opérés au cours des dernières décennies sur les objectifs des politiques publiques de protection de la nature.Ces nouveaux éléments, et la recherche de leur intégration, ont conduit à deux constatations de plus en plus évidentes. D’un côté, les États ont connu une augmentation importante des ressources financières nécessaires à la conservation des espaces naturels, accompagnée de la reconnaissance que les Aires protégées devraient bénéficier autant que possible d’une certaine indépendance financière. D’un autre côté, il est de plus en plus clair que la recherche de l’efficacité des Aires protégées passe nécessairement par la sensibilisation, l’éducation, la persuasion et l’engagement de la population.Pour ces raisons, des nouvelles formes de réglementation sont recherchées et le droit est mobilisé pour offrir des alternatives permettant la valorisation de ces espaces et l’intégration des préoccupations environnementales dans les pratiques sociales.En ce sens, la valorisation - qui s’appuie souvent sur la stratégie de patrimonialisation et d’appropriation d’un certain nombre d’éléments matériels et immatériels des espaces naturels, afin d’augmenter simultanément la sensibilisation à leur importance et de lever les fonds nécessaires pour qu’ils soient protégés de la manière adéquate – fait l’objet d’une croissante reconnaissance comme une notion capable de répondre aux défis actuels des politiques publiques de conservation, pour son potentiel à lier les objectifs apparemment contradictoires de protection de la nature et de développement économique local.Dans ce travail nous cherchons à identifier et comparer la prise en compte de ces nouvelles préoccupations et les contributions des droits brésilien et français. Autrement dit, cet ouvrage traite de la valorisation du patrimoine environnemental des Aires protégées en droit brésilien et en droit français, à partir d’un point de vue comparatif. Dans ce but, elle traite successivement des notions de valorisation du patrimoine environnemental et d’Aire protégée, de la prise en compte politique de cette valorisation comme notion susceptible de répondre aux défis contemporains des Aires protégées, et finalement des contributions des droits brésilien et français en termes d’opérationnalisation de cet objectif. / Despite the impressive techno-scientific capacity of modern societies, and for the most part precisely as a result of it, several indicators leave no doubt about the accelerated destruction of the nature of the planet. Although signs of this degradation have been perceived at various moments in history, it is from the effects of the Industrial Revolution that men, for the first time on a visible scale, becomes aware of his role as an agent of environmental change and decides to act to combat the negative effects of these changes. A milestone in the history of contemporary environmental protection goals, this important change resulted both in the constitution of an autonomous segment of society concerned with the protection of nature, and in the institutionalisation of a specific operational tool: the natural protected area.The impressive success protected areas have found among governments should not obscure the fact that this success is a relatively recent phenomenon resulting from the profound modifications nature protection policy has seen in the last decades, which have also led to two in increasingly visible observations. On the one hand, states have experienced a significant increase in the financial resources needed for the conservation of natural areas, followed by the recognition that protected areas should benefit from a certain financial independence and contribute to development. On the other hand, it is increasingly clear that the effectiveness of protected areas depends on the awareness, education, persuasion and the commitment of the population.As a consequence, new forms of regulation are sought and law is called upon to offer alternatives for the valorisation of these spaces and the integration of environmental concerns into social practices. In this regard, protected Areas can play an important role as experimental areas for the search of such an alternative, as they are spaces that have both a growing need for financial resources and the necessary regulatory and institutional framework necessary for the development of such new practices.In this sense, valorisation has gained recognition as a concept capable of responding to the current challenges of nature conservation policies, for its aptitude to link the seemingly contradictory goals of nature protection and local economic development.In this work we seek to identify and compare how Brazilian and French law have taken into account this new objectives, and their contributions towards it implementations. In other words, this thesis draws on the valorisation of the environmental heritage of protected areas in Brazilian and French law, from a comparative point of view. Towards this objective, it deals successively with the notions of valorisation of the environmental heritage of Protected Area, the political consideration of this valorisation as a notion capable of responding to the contemporary challenges of protected areas, and finally the contributions of Brazilian law and French law. / Apesar da impressionante capacidade técnico-científica das sociedades modernas, e em grande justamente como suaconsequência, vários indicadores não deixam dúvidas sobre a destruição acelerada da natureza do planeta. Embora ossinais dessa degradação tenham sido percebidos em vários pontos da história, as preocupações com o ambiente são umfenômeno moderno e levaram tanto à constituição de um segmento autônomo da sociedade preocupado com a proteçãoda natureza, quanto à institucionalização de uma ferramenta operacional específica: a área natural protegida.Esta tese tem como objeto a valorização do patrimônio ambiental das áreas protegidas nos direitos brasileiro e francês, naperspectiva do direito comparado. Ela trata das noções de valorização do patrimônio e de áreas protegidas, daconsideração política, científica e jurídica do objetivo de valorização, e, enfim, das contribuições do direito brasileiro edo direito francês para dar efetividade a essa valorização.

Submitted by Ana Beatriz Guimarães Passos (ana.passos@gvmail.br) on 2017-06-07T12:58:01Z No. of bitstreams: 1 PASSOS, 2017, Limites de velocidade nas vias Marginais.pdf: 2863001 bytes, checksum: 19654c376b01490c16c45107cefccc47 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Suzinei Teles Garcia Garcia (suzinei.garcia@fgv.br) on 2017-06-07T13:07:49Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 PASSOS, 2017, Limites de velocidade nas vias Marginais.pdf: 2863001 bytes, checksum: 19654c376b01490c16c45107cefccc47 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-07T17:18:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PASSOS, 2017, Limites de velocidade nas vias Marginais.pdf: 2863001 bytes, checksum: 19654c376b01490c16c45107cefccc47 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-05-10 / Speed is an important element in our culture, often associated with positive values such as productivity and efficiency. However, when applied to traffic, it is one of the main risk factors either for the occurrence or even the severity of accidents. For this reason, the management of speed limits has gained more and more relevance not only at the global debate on road safety, but also in the scope of the international agendas dedicated to the promotion of development in general. Therefore, with this reality in mind, the present dissertation studies the regulation of the speed limits in 'Marginal Pinheiros' and 'Marginal Tietê', two important avenues of São Paulo, the most populated city of Brazil. To achieve this goal, it examines the period between July of 2015, when the Administration of former Mayor Fernando Haddad (2013-2016) reduced the speed limits, and February of 2017, second month since the Administration of Mayor João Doria (2017- ) partially restored to previous levels. The main objective of this investigation is to carry out a case study that seeks to articulate the regulation in reference with the use of legal instruments by specific actors that pursued the repeal of both the increase or the decrease of speed limits. In this last respect, the study considers three main subjects, that are: (a) the lawsuits filed by the Bar Association of São Paulo (Ordem dos Advogados do Brasil, Seção de São Paulo) and the Association of Urban Bikers of São Paulo (Associação dos Ciclistas Urbanos de São Paulo), both against the Municipality of São Paulo; (b) the legislative project presented by the city councilman Eduardo Tuma (PSDB); and finally (c) the government programs presented by candidates who disputed the city elections of 2016 and 2012. This research intends to contribute to the Law and Development literature by offering a study on how legal instruments can be used to implement and also to strengthen or to repeal public policies. / A velocidade constitui elemento de destaque em nossa cultura, muitas vezes associada a valores positivos como produtividade e eficiência. Todavia, quando aplicada ao trânsito, representa um dos principais fatores de risco para a ocorrência e para a gravidade de acidentes. Por esse motivo, a gestão dos limites de velocidade tem ganhado cada vez mais espaço não só no debate mundial sobre segurança viária, mas também nas agendas internacionais dedicadas à promoção do desenvolvimento de um modo geral. Diante deste cenário, a presente dissertação volta-se ao estudo da regulação dos limites de velocidade nas Marginais Pinheiros e Tietê, importantes avenidas da cidade de São Paulo. Para tanto, examina o período de julho de 2015, momento em que a Administração do ex-prefeito Fernando Haddad (2013-2016) reduziu os limites de velocidade em tais vias, até fevereiro de 2017, segundo mês desde que a Gestão do prefeito João Doria (2017- ) estabeleceu a sua elevação parcial aos patamares vigentes anteriormente. O trabalho tem como objetivo geral a realização de um estudo de caso que procura articular, de um lado, a regulação em referência, e, de outro, o uso de instrumentos jurídicos por determinados atores no intuito de questioná-la. Considera, sobre este último aspecto, três enfoques principais: (a) as ações civis públicas ajuizadas pela Ordem dos Advogados do Brasil (Seção de São Paulo) e pela Associação dos Ciclistas Urbanos de São Paulo, ambas em face da Municipalidade de São Paulo; (b) o Projeto de Decreto Legislativo apresentado pelo vereador Eduardo Tuma (PSDB); e (c) os programas de governo dos candidatos que disputaram a Prefeitura da capital paulista nos anos de 2016 e de 2012. A partir desta pesquisa, pretende-se contribuir com a literatura do Direito e Desenvolvimento, oferecendo-se um estudo a respeito do modo pelo qual os instrumentos jurídicos podem atuar na implementação, no fortalecimento ou na paralisação de uma política pública.