Orthoses and auxiliaries are important to the people with lower limb disabled in their daily lives. The purpose of this study is to survey and discuss the existing walking auxiliary mechanism for the lower limb disabled people, and to design a new walking auxiliary mechanism to improve their walking gesture. In order to develop a new auxiliary mechanism for the people with lower limb disabled, commercial orthoses and patents are colleted, analyzed, classified, and compared to each others. Several interviews with a lower limb disablement are arranged and understand what they need. After integrating all the collected information as the design input, theories of mechanism structure synthesis, dimension synthesis, mechanism analysis are utilized to develop a mechanism design of auxiliary for lower limb disabled people to walk, to go up and down the stair. The Pro-Engineering, a CAD software, is used for solid modeling and the Visual Nastran, a CAE software, is applied for motion simulation. The results of computer simulations of walking and climbing up stairs are compared to that of video taken from the interviewed people.

Pagrindiniai šios temos aspektai yra nervų – raumenų ligos, jų klasifikacija bei asmenų sergančių nervų – raumenų ligomis specialieji poreikiai, jų tenkinimo lygis. Nervų – raumenų ligos arba neuroraumeninės ligos – tai grupė skirtingų ligų, kurių metu pažeidžiami raumenys. Specialių poreikių žmogui svarbu ne tenkinti tuos poreikius, bet atsižvelgti į poreikius, prisitaikyti prie galimybių ir sudaryti sąlygas fiziškai, dvasiškai bręsti. Neįgalieji mūsų visuomenės nariai turi išskirtines fizines ir psichologines ypatybes ir specialiuosius poreikius, kurie iškyla neįgaliesiems siekiant lygių galimybių dalyvauti fizinio ugdymo, neįgaliųjų sporto, rekreacinės ir buitinės veiklos srityse. Specialiųjų poreikių įvairovę lemia skirtingos negalių rūšys (fizinės, regėjimo, klausos, intelekto) ir funkcijos pažeidimo laipsnis. Darbo aktualumas: Lietuvos sergančiųjų nervų – raumenų ligomis asociacijos (LSNRLA) duomenimis nėra atlikta tyrimų, apibendrinančių žmonių sergančių nervų ������ raumenų ligomis specialiųjų poreikių tenkinimo lygį ne tik Kauno mieste, bet ir visoje Lietuvoje. Yra labai svarbu išaiškinti neįgalių asmenų specialiuosius poreikius, ko pasekoje būtų galima pagerinti šių žmonių gyvenimo kokybę. Tyrimo objektas: žmonių, sergančių nervų – raumenų ligomis, specialieji poreikiai. Tyrimo tikslas: ištirti žmonių, sergančiųjų nervų – raumenų ligomis specialiuosius poreikius ir jų tenkinimą Kauno mieste. Tyrimo uždaviniai: 1) nustatyti žmonių, sergančių nervų – raumenų... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The main aspects of this theme are the nervous - muscular complaints, its classification, and the special needs of the people who suffer from nervous - muscular complaints and the level of how these needs are satisfied. Nervous – muscular complaints or neuromuscular diseases are the group of different illnesses that affects muscle. It is important for the human being that suffers from this kind of illness not only to satisfy his special needs but also to pay respect to these needs, help adapt to the opportunities and allow him/her to mature physically and spiritually. The disabled have exceptional physical and psychological qualities and needs that arise when disabled people pursue equal opportunities to participate in physical nurture, recreational and daily living area and sport activities. The variance of special needs is determined by the different types of disablement (physical, visual, auditory, intellectual) and the level of functional lesion. Relevance: Considering the information of Lithuanian association of people who suffer from neuromuscular complaints, there is no other research generalizing the level of how special needs of disabled people are satisfied in Kaunas city and Lithuania. It is very important to evaluate the special needs of disabled people, to improve quality of life. Objective: Special needs of the disabled who suffer from nervous-muscular complaints. Goals: · Identify and compare type of mobility independence considering of age and... [to full text]

The right to be entitled to compensation for injuries sustained in the course of employment has always been an essential component of basic social security rights. Provision is made in the international sphere by the International Labour Organization and the United Nations. In the regional sphere there are standards that apply within the Southern African Development Community, and on a national level the rights are provided in terms of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996, and the Compensation for Occupational Injuries and Diseases Act, 103 of 1993 (COIDA). COIDA provides for a system of no fault compensation for employees who have sustained injuries or contracted occupational diseases during the course of their employment. “No fault compensation” provides that an employee does not have to prove fault with the employer or any other party in to be entitled to claim compensation. COIDA’s main purpose is to provide for compensation for disablement caused by occupational injuries or diseases sustained or contracted by defined employees in the course of their employment. Section 49 of COIDA provides for compensation for permanent disablements. In terms of section 49, the Commissioner must assess the permanent disablement of the employee by applying Schedule 2 of COIDA, which stipulates percentages of disablement for different injuries or mutilations. By “matching” the injury or mutilation from which the employee is suffering to the corresponding injury or mutilation provided for in Schedule 2, the Commissioner is then able to determine the degree of permanent disablement. Discretions are also granted to the Commissioner in terms of which he is allowed to determine the degree of disablement suffered by an employee under certain circumstances. The nature and amount of compensation awarded depend on the degree of disablement that the employee is afflicted with. Compensation for permanent disablement may be paid either in a lump sum or a monthly pension depending on the degree of disablement determined. Problems arise with the application of both these approaches of determining the permanent disablement of an employee. The guidelines in Schedule 2 have been previously described to be applied “mechanically” with no consideration being given to the individual circumstances of the employee. In practice the discretion granted to the Commissioner in terms of section 49 is often not applied judicially, which has led to numerous objections being lodged against the initial amount of compensation granted. The lack of medical expertise at the initial assessment of the disablement, and the “mechanical application” of Schedule 2, often lead to the incorrect determination of the degree of permanent disablement from which the employee is actually suffering. The determination of the degree of disablement is often not consistent with Schedule 2 of COIDA and results in an unjustifiable amount of compensation granted to the employee which holds no relation to the impairment suffered. The core question that needs to be considered is whether and to what extent the employee is still useful for the labour market in the line of his or her employment, and the disablement should be assessed in the light thereof. / Thesis (LLM (Labour Law))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013.

The right to be entitled to compensation for injuries sustained in the course of employment has always been an essential component of basic social security rights. Provision is made in the international sphere by the International Labour Organization and the United Nations. In the regional sphere there are standards that apply within the Southern African Development Community, and on a national level the rights are provided in terms of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996, and the Compensation for Occupational Injuries and Diseases Act, 103 of 1993 (COIDA). COIDA provides for a system of no fault compensation for employees who have sustained injuries or contracted occupational diseases during the course of their employment. “No fault compensation” provides that an employee does not have to prove fault with the employer or any other party in to be entitled to claim compensation. COIDA’s main purpose is to provide for compensation for disablement caused by occupational injuries or diseases sustained or contracted by defined employees in the course of their employment. Section 49 of COIDA provides for compensation for permanent disablements. In terms of section 49, the Commissioner must assess the permanent disablement of the employee by applying Schedule 2 of COIDA, which stipulates percentages of disablement for different injuries or mutilations. By “matching” the injury or mutilation from which the employee is suffering to the corresponding injury or mutilation provided for in Schedule 2, the Commissioner is then able to determine the degree of permanent disablement. Discretions are also granted to the Commissioner in terms of which he is allowed to determine the degree of disablement suffered by an employee under certain circumstances. The nature and amount of compensation awarded depend on the degree of disablement that the employee is afflicted with. Compensation for permanent disablement may be paid either in a lump sum or a monthly pension depending on the degree of disablement determined. Problems arise with the application of both these approaches of determining the permanent disablement of an employee. The guidelines in Schedule 2 have been previously described to be applied “mechanically” with no consideration being given to the individual circumstances of the employee. In practice the discretion granted to the Commissioner in terms of section 49 is often not applied judicially, which has led to numerous objections being lodged against the initial amount of compensation granted. The lack of medical expertise at the initial assessment of the disablement, and the “mechanical application” of Schedule 2, often lead to the incorrect determination of the degree of permanent disablement from which the employee is actually suffering. The determination of the degree of disablement is often not consistent with Schedule 2 of COIDA and results in an unjustifiable amount of compensation granted to the employee which holds no relation to the impairment suffered. The core question that needs to be considered is whether and to what extent the employee is still useful for the labour market in the line of his or her employment, and the disablement should be assessed in the light thereof. / Thesis (LLM (Labour Law))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:00:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TelmaSR_DISSERT.pdf: 1038202 bytes, checksum: bdf7d86bb7d4772e1a0285aaac29d84a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-09-09 / This paper aims at studying how circular dance can afford to sight-disabled peoples movement and how they can learn to cope with the deep movement of relation, consciousness, appropriation and communion with the world. Inside circular dance, a cosmic metaphor, is inscribed the movement of the world, which tells and changes amorously the human history. In the works of Paulo Freire and Maurice Merleau-Ponty one can find the necessary support to discuss, as long as possible, movement and existence. Research-action is used as a methodological approach whose empirical center is placed on the Institute of Education and Rehabilitation of Blind, in Natal, which shelters eight sightdisabled adults. The research s data reveal that the practice of circular dance concurs to enlarge the movement of the research s subjects, to develop a more accurate perception of their selves and of their own capacities, as well as improve the relations Me/Others, Me/World, which require a context of differences. The study has revealed that the practice of dance develops a better perception of the limits and surpasses as a human condition and, in consequence, the discovery of one s own body and the other s body as a resource of lessons and representations of the self and of the world. It lets out the development of a new way of thinking and coping with discrimination surrounding the disabled persons. In movement, in circular dance, the barrier between sight disablement and vision loses force. / O referido estudo tem como objetivo investigar de que maneira a dan?a circular contribui para amplia??o do movimento de pessoas com defici?ncia visual no contexto em que se inserem e, portanto, aprendem a lidar com o movimento intenso de rela??o, de consci?ncia, de apropria??o e comunh?o com o mundo. Na dan?a circular, met?fora c?smica, est? presente o movimento do mundo que conta e transforma, de forma amorosa, a hist?ria da humanidade. Em Paulo Freire e Maurice Merleau-Ponty encontra-se o suporte necess?rio para discutir, tanto quanto poss?vel, movimento e exist?ncia. A pesquisa-a??o ? assumida como enfoque metodol?gico, tendo como campo emp?rico o Instituto de Educa??o e Reabilita??o de Cegos de Natal, envolvendo, diretamente, oito pessoas com defici?ncia visual. Os resultados da pesquisa mostram que a pr?tica da dan?a circular tem influ?ncia na amplia??o do movimento dos sujeitos da pesquisa, no desenvolvimento de uma melhor percep??o de si, e das suas capacidades, nas rela??es Eu/Outro, Eu/Mundo, as quais se d?o num contexto de diferen?as. A pesquisa tamb?m constata que a pr?tica da dan?a ? fomentadora do encontro que possibilita a compreens?o das limita??es e supera??es como uma quest?o humana e, neste encontro da dan?a, a descoberta do pr?prio corpo e do corpo do outro, como fonte de ensinamentos e representa??o de si mesmo e do mundo. Demonstra tamb?m desenvolvimento de um novo modo de pensar e agir sobre o quadro discriminat?rio que a pessoa com defici?ncia visual vive. No movimento, na dan?a circular, o divisor existente entre a defici?ncia visual e vid?ncia perde a for?a.

This diploma thesis is dedicated to the overall view of the deaf people, starting from the issue of an ear and ending by the culture of this community. The main objective of this thesis is to describe the integration of the hearing individual into the deaf community and to explore attitudes and reactions of this community to the hearing and vice versa. The work also contains interviews with both integrated person as well as with deaf people who were involved within the integration. The thesis is divided into theoretical and practical part. The introduction of the theoretical part is engaged in the hearing itself, the construction of the ear, neurotransmission and hearing disorders. Following section is devoted to institutions and organizations that are focused on the issue of deaf people. Conclusion of the theoretical part is dedicated to the culture of deaf people and their communication. In the research section are described difficulties, feelings, attitudes and opinions of a hearing individual, who has entered into the deaf community. After a lapse of time, that the individual spent among deaf people, is apparent a shift and development in his opinion, growing interest and gradual transformation of reasons why he is trying to integrate into the community of deaf people. In the thesis is also described the attitude and approach of deaf people to the hearing individual, who penetrated to this community and had no knowledge how to communicate with deaf people and what are their characteristics and differences.

Holistic nursing care requires body and psyche orientation. That means it stresses both, body and psychosocial human needs. It is necessary for nurses to understand the principle of psychosocial interaction and care of the whole person including his/her dearest in health and illness. The aim of the thesis ?Holistic approach in providing nursing care to handicapped children in health & social facilities? was to find out how the needs of handicapped children are satisfied in health & social facilities from the point of view of holistic approach. The work involved both, qualitative and quantitative research. 104 nurses filled in a questionnaire and 10 respondents were observed within the quantitative research. Two hypotheses were set. The first hypothesis was focused on handicapped children in health & social facilities and on satisfaction of their needs from the point of view of holistic theory. Most of the nurses are convinced that they are providing holistic care. However on the other hand a lot of nurses answered that they preferred provision of physiological needs to psychosocial needs. This finding does not fully confirm the holistic approach in providing nursing care. The second hypothesis says that nurses provide more holistic care in non-profit making facilities than in those operated by regional authorities. Non-profit making facilities could not be included in the research as nurses are not employed there and those who work there work at the positions of social workers and caregivers, not at the positions of nurses. Comparison was only performed at facilities operated by private limited companies and the regional authority. The research also compared the approach to holistic nursing care between head nurses and ward sisters and nurses working on shifts. The nurse managers answered more positively than the nurses working on shifts. A nurse providing holistic care sees a human as a unique complex being, not as its single parts. Such a nurse is ready to help people achieve and maintain optimal health, helps in prevention and reduction of diseases and provides support to those incurably ill. It is important to realize that body and psyche are closely linked, not separated. This thesis may be used by nurses working with handicapped children in health & social facilities. Elaboration of a standard for holistic nursing care for handicapped children in health & social facilities is the practical output of the thesis.

In the area of Discrete Event Systems (DES), formal verification techniques are important in examining a variety of system properties including controllability and nonblocking. Nonetheless, in reality, most software and hardware practitioners are not proficient in formal methods which holds them back from the formal representation and verification of their systems. Alternatively, it is a common observation that control engineers are typically familiar with Moore synchronous Finite State Machines (FSM) and use them to express their controllers’ behaviour. Taking this into consideration, we devise a generic and structured approach to automatically translate Moore synchronous FSM into timed DES (TDES) supervisors. In this thesis, we describe our FSM-TDES translation method, present a set of algorithms to realize the translation steps and rules, and demonstrate the application and correctness of our translation approach with the help of an example. In order to develop our automatic FSM-TDES translation approach, we exploit the structural similarity created by the sampled-data (SD) supervisory control theory between the two models. To build upon the SD framework, first we address a related issue of disabling the tick event in order to force an eligible prohibitable event in the SD framework. To do this, we introduce a new synchronization operator called the SD synchronous product (||SD), adapt the existing TDES and SD properties, and devise our ||SD setting. We formally verify the controllability and nonblocking properties of our ||SD setting by establishing logical equivalence between the existing SD setting and our ||SD setting. We present algorithms to implement our ||SD setting in the DES research tool, DESpot. The formulation of the ||SD operator provides twofold benefits. First, it simplifies the design logic of the TDES supervisors that are modelled in the SD framework. This results in improving the ease of manually designing SD controllable TDES supervisors, and reduced verification time of the closed-loop system. We demonstrate these benefits by applying our ||SD setting to an example system. Second, it bridges the gap between theoretical supervisors and physical controllers with respect to event forcing. This makes our FSM-TDES translation approach relatively uncomplicated. Our automatic FSM-TDES translation approach enables the designers to obtain a formal representation of their controllers without designing TDES supervisors by hand and without requiring formal methods expertise. Overall, this work should increase the adoption of the SD supervisory control theory in particular, and formal methods in general, in the industry by facilitating software and hardware practitioners in the formal representation and verification of their control systems. / Dissertation / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

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AND KEYWORDS This diploma thesis deals with the impact of school climate that has a strong effect on the success in integration of handicapped pupil into the mainstream school. In this respect main terms which are related to "school climate" and "integration" are defined. Work more specifically focuses on individual types of handicaps, analyses principles of various handicaps and specific educational requirements needed for social relations. It furthers deals with the subjectivity of success in integration. Presented diploma thesis further concentrates on the social status of the handicapped pupil among his schoolmates, his social interactions and the role of the teacher as the main factor in the problem of integration. Empirical survey is oriented in a narrative way; the key method used is narrative dialogue, as it is able to recognise autobiographical experience of respondents. Each narrative dialogue is interpreted and completed by narrative reconstruction of core narration. Keywords: - school climate - integration and inclusion - pupil with specific educational requirements - handicap, disablement - success in school integration - family - school - teacher - chicane - relations among schoolmates - diagnosis of school climate - narrative attitude - narrative dialogue