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ASSESSING KNOWLEDGE, UNDERSTANDINGS, SKILLS, AND TRAITS: A DISCREPENCY ANALYSIS OF THOSE WHO PREPARE AND HIRE SECONDARY PRINCIPALS IN OHIOGoodney, Thomas L. 02 August 2007 (has links)
No description available.
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Evaluating Television Shows: The Influences of Commercials and Customized Ratings on Perceived EnjoymentSaks, Jeremy 16 June 2017 (has links)
No description available.
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Normative and Counter-normative Identities: Discrepancy, Cognition, and Emotional Response Among Parents and Non-parents.Long, Brooke Louise 22 July 2013 (has links)
No description available.
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Online Dating and the Function of Anticipating Comparisons between Self-Presentation Report Veridicality and Potential Face-to-Face Interaction on Impression ManagementQin, Jiashuo 22 July 2016 (has links)
No description available.
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THE ROLE OF PSYCHOLOGICAL DISCREPANCY IN BELIEF CHANGE: TESTING FOUR MODELS WITH A SINGLE MESSAGEHuang, Luling January 2020 (has links)
In belief change, message discrepancy is the difference between the belief position advocated in a message and a message receiver’s initial belief position. Psychological discrepancy is the message discrepancy experienced by the receiver. Existing literature had assumed that a high level of psychological discrepancy discounted the weight of a message, which could make the message less effective. However, there were three alternative assumptions about the role of psychological discrepancy. The problem that this dissertation examined was: Does psychological discrepancy affect the weight of a message only, affect the scale value of the message only, affect neither, or affect both? To find out which of these four assumptions was more plausible, this dissertation derived competing hypotheses based on four mathematical models either through an analytic proof alone or a combination of an analytic proof and a computational approximation. This dissertation tested these hypotheses in an experiment with a 3 (high vs. moderate vs. low message scale value) ´ 3 (high vs. moderate vs. low upper bound) between-subjects design (N = 448 Mechanical Turk workers). The results showed that the weight-discounting model had the most supported hypotheses and fit the data the best, which indicated that psychological discrepancy affected the weight of a message only. This dissertation improves the understanding of the mechanism that leads to the outcomes posited by discrepancy models in persuasion research and provides additional empirical evidence for the scale value constancy assumption in information integration theory. / Media & Communication
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Leg Length Discrepancy: A Study on In-Shoe Plantar Pressure DistributionAbu-Faraj, Z.O., Abdul-Al, Mohamed, Al-Deeb, R.A. 11 February 2016 (has links)
no / Leg length discrepancy (LLD) refers to the medical
a condition where legs are of different lengths. This condition might
affect gait and posture, and may lead to various orthopedic
disorders that can have serious repercussions on the individual,
be it physiological, psychological, social, economic, or ergonomic.
In order to ameliorate the rehabilitation of individuals with LLD,
it is imperative to understand the biomechanics of LLD in these
individuals. Hence, the current study’s objective is to
characterize the plantar pressures of individuals with Leg Length
Discrepancy in comparison to those of asymptomatic individuals.
This pilot study employs a pedar-x in-shoe pedobarograph
system to gather the history of dynamic plantar pressures in one
adult male individual with LLD and a representative adult
normal volunteer with no diagnosed neurological or musculoskeletal
disorders. The obtained results reveal quantifiable
differences in the study metrics between the two individuals
during walking. These results provide a proof-of-concept for this
study, and may serve as diagnostic tools to better rehabilitate
individuals with LLD and, thus, provide them with a better
quality of life. Future work is to incorporate an extended study of
10 normal individuals versus 10 individuals with LLD, and
includes both males and females, as well as both adults and
adolescents.
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Virtual morality: Transitioning from moral judgment to moral action?Francis, Kathryn B., Howard, C., Howard, I.S., Gummerum, M., Ganis, G., Anderson, G., Terbeck, S. 10 October 2016 (has links)
Yes / The nature of moral action versus moral judgment has been extensively debated in numerous
disciplines. We introduce Virtual Reality (VR) moral paradigms examining the action
individuals take in a high emotionally arousing, direct action-focused, moral scenario. In
two studies involving qualitatively different populations, we found a greater endorsement of
utilitarian responses±killing one in order to save many others±when action was required in
moral virtual dilemmas compared to their judgment counterparts. Heart rate in virtual moral
dilemmas was significantly increased when compared to both judgment counterparts and
control virtual tasks. Our research suggests that moral action may be viewed as an independent
construct to moral judgment, with VR methods delivering new prospects for investigating
and assessing moral behaviour. / Plymouth University and Seventh Framework Programme (FP7-PEOPLE-2013-ITN-604764)
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Simulating moral actions: An investigation of personal force in virtual moral dilemmasFrancis, Kathryn B., Terbeck, S., Briazu, R.A., Haines, A., Gummerum, M., Ganis, G., Howard, I.S. 24 October 2017 (has links)
Yes / Advances in Virtual Reality (VR) technologies allow the investigation of simulated moral actions in visually immersive environments. Using a robotic manipulandum and an interactive sculpture, we now also incorporate realistic haptic feedback into virtual moral simulations. In two experiments, we found that participants responded with greater utilitarian actions in virtual and haptic environments when compared to traditional questionnaire assessments of moral judgments. In experiment one, when incorporating a robotic manipulandum, we found that the physical power of simulated utilitarian responses (calculated as the product of force and speed) was predicted by individual levels of psychopathy. In experiment two, which integrated an interactive and life-like sculpture of a human into a VR simulation, greater utilitarian actions continued to be observed. Together, these results support a disparity between simulated moral action and moral judgment. Overall this research combines state-of-the-art virtual reality, robotic movement simulations, and realistic human sculptures, to enhance moral paradigms that are often contextually impoverished. As such, this combination provides a better assessment of simulated moral action, and illustrates the embodied nature of morally-relevant actions. / Plymouth University and Seventh Framework Programme (FP7-PEOPLE-2013-ITN-604764)
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Virtual morality in the helping professions: Simulated action and resilienceFrancis, Kathryn B., Gummerum, M., Ganis, G., Howard, I.S., Terbeck, S. 22 November 2017 (has links)
Yes / Recent advances in virtual technologies have allowed the investigation of simulated moral actions in aversive moral dilemmas. Previous studies have employed diverse populations to explore these actions, with little research considering the significance of occupation on moral decision‐making. For the first time, in this study we have investigated simulated moral actions in virtual reality made by professionally trained paramedics and fire service incident commanders who are frequently faced with and must respond to moral dilemmas. We found that specially trained individuals showed distinct empathic and related personality trait scores and that these declined with years of experience working in the profession. Supporting the theory that these professionals develop resilience in moral conflict, reduced emotional arousal was observed during virtual simulations of a distressing dilemma. Furthermore, trained professionals demonstrated less regret following the execution of a moral action in virtual reality when compared to untrained control populations. We showed that, contrary to previous research, trained individuals made the same moral judgements and moral actions as untrained individuals, though showing less arousal and regret. In the face of increasing concerns regarding empathy decline in health care professionals, we suggest that the nature of this decline is complex and likely reflects the development of a necessary emotional resilience to distressing events.
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Achieving Late-Mover Advantage: The Effects of Enhancing and Distinctive StrategiesZhou, Zheng 23 April 2002 (has links)
Despite the fact that most firms are late entrants in any product market, research on how to achieve a late-mover advantage is limited and lags behind the theoretical work on first-mover advantage. The strategic choice a late mover can utilize to compete against the pioneer is largely underdeveloped. Further, extant studies provide contradictory arguments and predictions regarding the efficacy of two basic late entry strategies: an enhancing strategy (providing a late entrant with enhanced features along existing product attributes) and a distinctive strategy (adding new or unique features to a late entrant' offering). The goal of this dissertation is to better understand the underlying behavioral mechanisms that enable a late entrant to compete with a successful pioneer and thereby address this inconsistency in the literature.
Taking a category-based learning perspective, it is proposed that new brands are learned through a comparison process with existing brands. In the process, common features are evaluated in a category-based mode while unique features are processed in a piecemeal fashion. Two behavioral mechanisms are identified — discrepancy effects (i.e., perceived differentiation) which add to the late entrant's visibility and attractiveness, and ambiguity effects (comparison difficulty and perceived performance risk) that lessen the late entrant's attractiveness. Product category familiarity is proposed as the key moderator that affects the salience of each behavioral mechanism and hence the effectiveness of late entry strategies.
Three experiments were designed to test the proposed perspective. It was found that common features are the focus of comparison in unfamiliar product classes and unique features receive particular attention in familiar product classes. Accordingly, ambiguity effects become more salient in unfamiliar product categories while differentiation effects are more prominent in familiar product cases. Further, a distinctive strategy is both more differentiated and more ambiguous than an enhancing strategy. Thus, a distinctive strategy is more effective in a familiar product class due to its attention-grabbing nature. An enhancing strategy is more successful in a novel or unfamiliar product class because of low levels of ambiguity. These findings provide important implications for product entry and positioning strategies as well as for further research. / Ph. D.
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