Bakgrund: Sexualitet är för många en viktig del av livet. Cancer kan ha en negativ inverkanpå individers sexualitet. Cancerpatienter önskar och behöver information kring ämnet menvårdpersonal förbiser ofta detta. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att beskriva vårdpersonalenserfarenheter av samtal om sexualitet med cancersjuka patienter samt vad som kan hindra ellerunderlätta för dessa samtal. Metod: Allmän litteraturstudie baserad på sex kvantitativa och trekvalitativa studier samt en med mixad metod. Resultat: Resultatet kategoriserades under fyrateman: Professionalitet, Vårdrelation, Människosyn och Miljö. Dessa teman bestod av niosubteman Tilltro till sin kommunikativa förmåga, Kunskap kring sexualitet, Utbildning avpatienten, Bjuda in till samtal, Att bygga en relation och skapa en tillåtande atmosfär, Ettgenant och obekvämt område, Fördomar, Tidsbrist och Organisation. Slutsats: Kunskapkring sexualitet och en förmåga att kommunicera den på rätt sätt är essentiellt vid samtal medcancerpatienter om deras sexualitet. Det är viktigt att vårdpersonal funderar kring sin syn påmänniskan i allmänhet och på människan som sexuell varelse i synnerhet och hur det i sin turkan påverka om patienten får en holistisk omvårdnad eller ej. Förslag på fortsatt forskning: Mer forskning på patienters upplevelser och önskningar kring samtal om sexualitet behövs.Det behövs också mer forskning som enbart riktar in sig på en svensk kontext. / Background: Sexuality is for many an important part of life. Cancer may affect the sexualityof individuals in a negative way. Cancer patients need and wish for information regarding thesubject but health professionals are often neglecting this. Aim: The aim of the study was todescribe health professionals’ experiences of discussing sexuality with patients diagnosedwith cancer and barriers and facilitators for these kinds of discussions. Method: A literaturereview based on six quantitative and three qualitative studies and one with a mixed methodapproach. Results: The result were categorized in to four themes: Professionalism, Thecaring relationship, Human perspective and Environment. These themes included ninesubthemes: Trust in your communicating abilities, Knowledge regarding sexuality, Educatingthe patient, Invitation to a discussion, Building a relationship and creating a permissiveatmosphere, An embarrassing and uncomfortable area, Prejudices, Lack of time andOrganization. Conclusion: Knowledge regarding sexuality and an ability to communicate itin a correct way is essential when it comes to discussing sexuality with cancer patients. It’simportant that health professionals consider their human perspective in a general way andespecially how they see humans as a sexual beings and how that can effect whether thepatients will receive a holistic care or not. Suggestions for further research: Furtherresearch is needed that focus on the patients experiences and requests when it comes todiscussions about sexuality. There’s also a need for research that only investigates the issue ina Swedish context.

yes / Professionals working with patients at end of life need to feel comfortable and confident discussing death, dying and bereavement (DDB), however this is not always the case.1 2 The Continuing Bonds Project sought to explore the impact of archaeology on the confidence and comfort for health and social care professionals and students in talking about DDB.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:21:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Karina Suzana da Silva Alves.pdf: 1425902 bytes, checksum: 612fb0cb8eed9e2ffbdaa2836c79282c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-06-10 / This thesis has been developed for a Master's degree, its purpose being to discuss the existence of a planned programming in Social Security. However, before pointing out whether such planning exists or not, or even before discussing the problems related to its absence, the social protection plan adopted by the legal system and the existing social contributory arrangement supporting this thesis will be examined, which will ultimately lead to the conclusion thereof / Trata-se de dissertação de mestrado que objetiva examinar a existência de planejamento programático na Seguridade Social. Contudo, antes de apontar a existência ou não de referido planejamento ou problematizar sua ausência, serão averiguados o plano de proteção social assumido pelo ordenamento jurídico e o arranjo contributivo social existente para patrocínio desta tarefa, com o que se obterá a conclusão

Yes

The decision of romantic partners to share or keep a secret involves each partner’s perception of the other’s trustworthiness. Indeed, trust may influence how romantic partners enact secrecy in their relationship. This study investigated the willingness of individuals to keep secrets from their partner, the number of secrets that people keep from their partner, individuals’ reports of their reasons for discussing their expectations regarding secrets, and the association between each of these characteristics and partners’ trust. First, the literature regarding secrecy and people’s willingness to keep secrets from a relational partner is investigated. People’s willingness to keep secrets from a relational partner should differ based on their trust in the partner. Secret holders are more likely to disclose to a confidant when they perceive that confidant to be trustworthy (Kelly & McKillop, 1996) and, conversely may not disclose to a confidant who lacks trustworthiness (Wheeless & Grotz, 1977). In light of these findings, it was expected that individuals’ willingness to keep secrets would be negatively related to the degree to which they trusted their partner. In a similar vein, the association between trust and the frequency of discussing expectations regarding secrecy was explored. The literature suggests two possibilities for the association between trust and the frequency of discussing expectations regarding secrecy. The first is that individuals who trust their partner enough may decide to discuss how secrets should be managed, because dyadic trust is associated with increased intimacy of disclosure (Larzelere & Huston, 1980). The second possibility is that people may choose to discuss their expectations of how they should manage secrets, not because of trust, but because a lack of trustworthiness. Research questions explored the associations between the frequency of discussing expectations regarding secrecy and partners’ willingness to keep secrets, the number of secrets they keep, and their trust. Finally, the reasons why individuals might or might not discuss their expectations regarding secrets with their partner, and what these discussions might consist of were explored. / text

Esta tese tem como objetivo investigar os limites constitucionais ao emprego de normas tributárias extrafiscais, contribuindo, de maneira original, com o desenvolvimento de métodos que possibilitem que estes instrumentos sejam controlados de modo mais preciso pelo Poder Judiciário. Para a consecução deste objetivo central, trabalhou-se a partir de quatro blocos de investigação. Primeiro, a pesquisa centrou-se em discutir a importância de segregação das normas tributárias entre fiscais e extrafiscais, analisando as diversas propostas de métodos para a separação entre estas. Ao final, a tese sugere que as normas tributárias extrafiscais devem ser identificadas a partir das suas finalidades, conforme venha a ser interpretado pelo aplicador da norma. Superada a questão, passa-se à investigação dos fundamentos constitucionais que legitimam o emprego das normas tributárias extrafiscais, quando se debate em que sentido normativo se pode falar em neutralidade tributária. Em um terceiro módulo de investigação, as normas tributárias extrafiscais são contrapostas às limitações constitucionais ao poder de tributar, ao conflito entre competência regulatória e competência tributária, ao conceito constitucional de tributo, bem como aos limites ínsitos às espécies tributárias previstas pela Constituição Federal. Por fim, apresenta-se um modelo de protocolo decisório que pode ser utilizado para fins de controlabilidade das normas tributárias extrafiscais pelo Poder Judiciário, colocando-se em destaque os princípios da igualdade e da proporcionalidade. / The main goal of this thesis is to investigate the constitutional limits on the use of non-fiscal purpose tax laws, contributing, with originality, to the development of methods that allow a more precise control of these instruments by the Judiciary Branch. To achieve such goal, the thesis was divided into four parts. The first part focuses in discussing the importance of segregation of tax laws in two groups: fiscal and non-fiscal, and analyzes the numerous methods proposed for such classification. The thesis suggests that non-fiscal purpose tax laws must be identified by their purpose, as interpreted by those responsible for applying the law. The second part investigates the constitutional basis that legitimates the use of non-fiscal purpose tax laws and discusses to what normative extent one can speak of tax neutrality. In the third part, the non-fiscal purpose tax laws are compared to the constitutional limits on taxation, to the conflict between regulatory competence and fiscal competence, to the constitutional concept of tax, as well as to the limits involving the tax species provided by the Federal Constitution. Finally, a model of decision making protocol is presented for use a mean of control by the Judiciary Branch of the non-fiscal purpose tax, highlighting the principles of equality and proportionality.