La brûlure foliaire causée par Alternaria dauci est la maladie foliaire la plus dommageable pour les cultures de carottes, entravant la récolte mécanique. Seuls des cultivars partiellement résistants sont connus et commercialisés, mais leurs niveaux de résistance sont insuffisants. Les mécanismes de la résistance quantitative des plantes aux agents pathogènes sont mal caractérisés. Nous avons choisi d'étudier ces mécanismes dans l'interaction A. dauci-carotte. Auparavant, plusieurs résultats expérimentaux convergents ont montré que la résistance aux toxines fongiques entre en jeu dans cette interaction. Les tests de toxicité effectués avec des suspensions cellulaires de carotte ont révélé une corrélation entre la résistance des carottes à A.dauci et la résistance des cellules de carotte aux exsudats du champignon. Ces résultats nous ont incités à étudier les toxines impliquées dans le pouvoir pathogène d'A. dauci et afin de pouvoir étudier la réponse de la plante à celles –ci. En utilisant les profils HPLC de la phase organique d'exsudats de différentes souches de champignons, nous avons découvert une corrélation entre la production de toxines et l’agressivité de ces souches suggérant que la production de toxines joue un rôle majeur dans l’interaction A. dauci-carotte. Nous avons effectué l'extraction, la purification et la caractérisation de l'une des molécules candidates que nous avons nommé aldaulactone. Nous avons démontré sa toxicité grâce à un nouveau protocole de quantification de cellules mortes et vivantes. Un transcriptome d’A. dauci et une étude de l’expression des gènes en fonction de la production d’aldaulactone ont été utilisées pour étudier sa voie de biosynthèse. / Alternaria leaf blight, caused by the necrotrophic fungus Alternaria dauci, is the most damaging foliar disease of carrots, especially because it hampers leaf-pull harvesting. Only partially – and insufficiently – resistant cultivars exist. In general, partial resistance mechanisms are poorly understood, so we chose to study them in this interaction. Previous results obtained in the lab highlighted a correlation between plant resistance to the fungus and plant cell resistance toward fungal toxins. It was also shown using carrot cell suspensions that fungal exudates’ toxicity was only present in the organic phase. These results led us to better characterize the toxins produced by A. dauci, in order to get a deeper understanding of carrot cell resistance mechanisms toward those toxins. HPLC analysis of the exudates from different fungal strain uncovered a correlation between toxin production and the aggressiveness of the fungal strains, suggesting that toxin production is an important component of said aggressiveness. We extracted, purified and characterize one of these candidates, and named it aldaulactone. Using a new image analysis protocol, we demonstrated the toxicity of Aldaulactone on carrot cell suspensions. Transcriptomic data from Alternaria dauci were used to explore the biosynthesis pathway of Aldaulactone. Candidate Genes were selected and their level of expression compared with aldaulactone production in various A. dauci cultures.

E’ stata approfondita l’espressione genica complessiva in spighe di mais, in seguito all’ infezione fungina. Nella prima parte del lavoro, sono stati valutati un genotipo di mais resistente ed uno suscettibile a F. verticillioides, campionando le cariossidi 48 ore dopo l’infezione. Sono state identificate circa 800 sequenze differenzialmente espresse e circa il 10% è stato assegnato alla categoria della difesa. Nel genotipo resistente, i geni coinvolti nella difesa hanno mostrato un tipo di risposta basale, mentre in quello suscettibile tali geni rispondevano specificamente all’infezione. Nella seconda parte del lavoro, l’analisi di espressione è stata estesa a fasi precoci e tardive dell’infezione utilizzando un ceppo normale ed uno mutante di F. verticillioides. Numerosi geni risultavano differenzialmente regolati 48 ore dopo l’infezione con entrambi i ceppi. Il ceppo normale era in grado di attivare i meccanismi di difesa prima del mutante. Nella terza parte del lavoro, 10 linee resistenti e suscettibili sono state infettate con 4 specie fungine. In tutti i genotipi l’espressione dei geni coinvolti nella difesa era indotta in seguito all’infezione, ma le linee resistenti presentavano una risposta basale di difesa. / We investigated global gene expression in maize ears at several time points after fungal infection. In the first part of the work, resistant and susceptible genotypes were tested in kernels sampled 48 h after infection with a wild type strain of F. verticillioides. About 800 differentially expressed sequences were identified and nearly 10% assigned to the category cell rescue, defense and virulence. In the resistant genotype, defense-related genes provided basic defense against the fungus, while in the susceptible genotype defense genes responded specifically to pathogen infection. In the second part of the work the expression analysis was extended to early and late phases of infection with a wild type and a mutant strains of F. verticillioides. Kernels were sampled in the area around the point of infection. Most of genes were differentially regulated 48 h after infection with both fungal strains. The wild type strain was able to activate host defense genes before the mutant strain. In the third part of the work, ten resistant and susceptible lines were infected by different fungal species. All genotypes were able to induce the expression of defense genes upon infection, but the resistant lines showed a basal defense response.

Certain crop plants are susceptible to pathogens or unable to develop efficient microbial symbioses. These crops adversely impact soil biological quality with consequences on plant health and productivity of cropping systems. Chickpea is a rotational pulse crop with two types: kabuli and desi, and several cultivars. Cultivation of chickpea has inconsistent effects on soil microbial communities and subsequent wheat crops. I conducted field studies and used high throughput molecular analyses to explore the variations among chickpeas to identify cultivars developing fungal communities that are conducive to plant health and productivity. I also carried out greenhouse studies and used biochemical analyses to investigate the response of chickpea cultivars to arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and non-AM fungal endophytes and identify the influence of root and root metabolites on the endophytic and pathogenic fungi. Cultivars and types of chickpeas and environmental conditions promoted different fungal communities in the root endosphere. Funneliformis and Claroideoglomus were the dominant AM fungal genera and Fusarium and Alternaria were the dominant non-AM fungal genera in the roots of chickpea. The roots of cultivars CDC Corrine, CDC Cory and CDC Anna hosted the most diverse fungal communities in contrast to CDC Alma and CDC Xena roots which hosted the least diverse communities. Plant response to AM and non-AM fungal endophytes varied with genotype and type of chickpea. The root symbiosis effectively promoted plant growth in CDC Cory, CDC Anna and CDC Frontier and stimulated nitrogen fixation in CDC Corrine. Cultivars of chickpea responded differently to dual inoculation of the AM and non-AM fungal endophytes. Co-inoculation with AM and non-AM fungal endophytes had additive effects on CDC Corrine, CDC Anna and CDC Cory but non-AM fungal endophytes reduced the positive effect of AM fungi in Amit and CDC Vanguard. Desi chickpea appeared to form more efficient symbioses with soil fungal resources than kabuli chickpea. Protein(s) up-regulated in the mycorrhizal roots of the desi chickpea CDC Anna suppressed the growth of the fungal endophytes Trichoderma harzianum and Geomyces vinaceus and of the pathogens Fusarium oxysporum and Rhizoctonia sp. The formation of AM symbiosis decreased the production of root bioactive metabolites soluble in 25% methanol. Some of the root metabolites stimulated the growth of Trichoderma harzianum and Geomyces vinaceus, and a few inhibited Rhizoctonia sp. and Fusarium oxysporum. A few metabolites with contrasting effects on the different fungal species were detected. The non-protein phytochemicals had selective effects on the endophytes and pathogens whereas the antifungal proteins of mycorrhizal roots were non-selective. Overall the study reveals a "genotype effect" of chickpea on the soil microbiota suggesting the possibility to improve the performance of this crop through the selection of genotypes improving the communities of root associated fungi, by associating and responding to beneficial fungi and repressing the pathogens.

Banana is the most important fruit crop in the world but ironically one of the crops least studied. This fruit constitutes a major staple food for millions of people in developing countries and also it is considered the highest selling fruit in the world market making this crop a very important export commodity for the producing countries. At the present time, one of the most significant constraints of banana production that causes significant economical losses are fungal diseases. Among these, Panama disease, also known as Fusarium wilt has been the most catastrophic. Panama disease is caused by the soil-borne fungus Fusarium oxysporum formae specialis (f.sp) cubense (FOC), which infects susceptible bananas through the roots causing a lethal vascular wilt. To date, the race 4 of this pathogen represents the most serious threat to banana production worldwide since most of the commercial cultivars are highly susceptible to this pathogen. Introduction of FOC resistance into commercial cultivars by conventional breeding has been difficult because edible bananas are sterile polyploids without seeds. Genetic transformation of banana, which has already been established in various laboratories around the world has the potential to solve this problem by transferring a FOC race 4 resistance gene into susceptible banana cultivars (eg. Cavendish cultivars). However, a FOC resistant (R) gene has not been isolated. Genes that confer resistance to Fusarium oxysporum have been isolated from tomato and melon using a map-based positional cloning approach. The tomato I2 and melon Fom-2 genes belong to the non-Toll/interleukin like receptors (TIR) subclass of nucleotide-binding site and leucine-rich repeat (NBS-LRR) R genes. These genes confer resistance only to certain races of F. oxysporum in their corresponding plant families limiting their use in other plant families. The fact that these two Fusarium resistance genes share the same basic non-TIR-NBS-LRR structure suggests a similar Fusarium resistance mechanism is shared between the families Solanaceae and Cucurbitaceae. This observation opens the possibility to find similar Fusarium resistance genes in other plant families including the Musaceae. A remarkable discovery of a population of the wild banana Musa acuminata subspecies (ssp.) malaccensis segregating for FOC race 4 resistance was made by Dr. Ivan Buddenhagen (University of California, Davis) in Southeast Asia. Research carried out at Queensland Department of Primary Industries (Australia) using this plant material has demonstrated that a single dominant gene is involved in FOC race 4 resistance (Dr. Mike Smith, unpublished results). Tissue-culture plantlets of this FOC race 4 segregating population were kindly provided to the Plant Biotechnology Program (Queensland University of Technology) by Dr. Mike Smith to be used in our research. This population holds the potential to assist in the isolation of a FOC race 4 resistance gene and other potential Fusarium resistance genes. The overall aims of this research were to isolate and characterise resistance gene candidates of the NBS-type from M. acuminata ssp. malaccensis and to identify and characterise potential Fusarium resistance genes using a combination of bioinformatics and gene expression analysis. Chapter 4 describes the isolation by degenerate PCR of five different classes of NBS sequences from banana (Musa acuminata ssp malaccensis) designated as resistance gene candidates (RGCs). Deduced amino acid sequences of the RGCs revealed the typical motifs present in the majority of known plant NBS-LRR resistance genes. Structural and phylogenetic analyses showed that the banana RGCs are related to non-TIR subclass of NBS sequences. The copy number of each class was estimated by Southern hybridisation and each RGC was found to be in low copy number. The expression of the RGCs was assessed by RT-PCR in leaf and root tissues of plants resistant or susceptible to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (FOC) race 4. Four classes showed a constitutive expression profile whereas no expression was detected for one class in either tissue. Interestingly, a transcriptional polymorphism was found for RGC2 whose expression correlated with resistance to FOC race 4 suggesting a possible role of this gene in resistance to this devastating FOC race. Moreover, RGC2 along with RGC5 showed significant sequence similarity to the Fusarium resistance gene I2 from tomato and were chosen for further characterisation. The NBS sequences isolated in this study represent a valuable source of information that could be used to assist the cloning of functional R genes in banana. Chapter 5 describes the isolation and characterisation of the full open reading frame (ORF) of RGC2 and RGC5 cDNAs. The ORFs of these two banana RGCs were predicted to encode proteins that showed the typical structure of non-TIR-NBS-LRR resistance proteins. Homology searches using the entire ORF of RGC2 and RGC5 revealed significant sequence similarity to the Fusarium resistance gene I2 from tomato. Interestingly, the phylogenetic analysis showed that RGC2 and RGC5 were grouped within the same phylogenetic clade, along with the Fusarium resistance genes l2 and Fom-2. These findings suggest that the banana RGC2 and RGC5 are potential resistance gene candidates that could be associated with Fusarium resistance. The case of RGC2 is more remarkable because its expression was correlated to FOC race 4 resistance (Chapter 4). As a first step to test whether RGC2 has a role in FOC race 4 resistance, different expression constructs were made with the ORF of this sequence. One of the constructs contains a RGC2 putative promoter region that was successfully cloned in this work. These constructs will be used to transform susceptible banana plants that can then be challenged with FOC race 4 to assess whether resistance has been acquired by genetic complementation. The results of this thesis provide interesting insights about the structure, expression and phylogeny of two potential Fusarium resistance genes in banana, and provide a rational starting point for their functional characterisation. The information generated in this thesis may lead to the identification of a Fusarium resistance gene in banana in further studies and may also assist the cloning of Fusarium resistance genes in other plant species.

[Truncated abstract] Field pea (Pisum sativum) has many benefits when included in the crop rotation system in broadacre grain farming. These benefits include a disease break and improved weed control for cereals and less dependence on nitrogenous fertilisers due to the leguminous nature of pea. Currently, field pea adoption in Australia is low because the crop is susceptible to the fungal disease `black spot’ (Mycosphaerella pinodes) and has low stem strength and a lodged canopy. Black spot causes yield losses averaging 10-15% per year. Lodging results in difficult and costly harvesting, increased disease pressure and increased wind erosion from exposed soil surface when stems break at the basal nodes. This project aimed to address these problems through breeding, and through the application of quantitative genetics theory to a recurrent selection program. A quantitative measurement of relative stem strength was developed which could be used effectively in the field on single plants. Accurate laboratory measurements of stem strength were closely correlated with the field measure of compressed stem thickness in the basal node region. A diallel analysis of stem strength of the progeny of crosses among a range of pea lines with different values of compressed stem thickness concluded that the genetic control of stem strength was additive, with no maternal inheritance or dominance or epistasis effects.

Ensuring food security in a world with an increasing population and demand on natural resources is becoming ever more pertinent. Plant breeders are using an increasingly diverse range of data types such as phenotypic and genotypic data to identify plant lines with desirable characteristics suitable to be taken forward in plant breeding programmes. These characteristics include a number of key morphological and physiological traits, such as disease resistance and yield that need to be maintained and improved upon if a commercial plant variety is to be successful. The ability to predict and understand the inheritance of alleles that facilitate resistance to pathogens or any other commercially important characteristic is crucially important to experimental plant genetics and commercial plant breeding programmes. However, derivation of the inheritance of such traits by traditional molecular techniques is expensive and time consuming, even with recent developments in high-throughput technologies. This is especially true in industrial settings where, due to time constraints relating to growing seasons, many thousands of plant lines may need to be screened quickly, efficiently and economically every year. Thus, computational tools that provide the ability to integrate and visualize diverse data types with an associated plant pedigree structure will enable breeders to make more informed and subsequently better decisions on the plant lines that are used in crossings. This will help meet both the demands for increased yield and production and adaptation to climate change. Traditional family tree style layouts are commonly used and simple to understand but are unsuitable for the data densities that are now commonplace in large breeding programmes. The size and complexity of plant pedigrees means that there is a cognitive limitation in conceptualising large plant pedigree structures, therefore novel techniques and tools are required by geneticists and plant breeders to improve pedigree comprehension. Taking a user-centred, iterative approach to design, a pedigree visualization system was developed for exploring a large and unique set of experimental barley (H. vulgare) data. This work progressed from the development of a static pedigree visualization to interactive prototypes and finally the Helium pedigree visualization software. At each stage of the development process, user feedback in the form of informal and more structured user evaluation from domain experts guided the development lifecycle with users' concerns addressed and additional functionality added. Plant pedigrees are very different to those from humans and farmed animals and consequently the development of the pedigree visualizations described in this work focussed on implementing currently accepted techniques used in pedigree visualization and adapting them to meet the specific demands of plant pedigrees. Helium includes techniques to aid problems with user understanding identified through user testing; examples of these include difficulties where crosses between varieties are situated in different regions of the pedigree layout. There are good biological reasons why this happens but it has been shown, through testing, that it leads to problems with users' comprehension of the relatedness of individuals in the pedigree. The inclusion of visual cues and the use of localised layouts have allowed complications like these to be reduced. Other examples include the use of sizing of nodes to show the frequency of usage of specific plant lines which have been shown to act as positional reference points to users, and subsequently bringing a secondary level of structure to the pedigree layout. The use of these novel techniques has allowed the classification of three main types of plant line, which have been coined: principal, flanking and terminal plant lines. This technique has also shown visually the most frequently used plant lines, which while previously known in text records, were never quantified. Helium's main contributions are two-fold. Firstly it has applied visualization techniques used in traditional pedigrees and applied them to the domain of plant pedigrees; this has addressed problems with handling large experimental plant pedigrees. The scale, complexity and diversity of data and the number of plant lines that Helium can handle exceed other currently available plant pedigree visualization tools. These techniques (including layout, phenotypic and genotypic encoding) have been improved to deal with the differences that exist between human/mammalian pedigrees which take account of problems such as the complexity of crosses and routine inbreeding. Secondly, the verification of the effectiveness of the visualizations has been demonstrated by performing user testing on a group of 28 domain experts. The improvements have advanced both user understanding of pedigrees and allowed a much greater density and scale of data to be visualized. User testing has shown that the implementation and extensions to visualization techniques has improved user comprehension of plant pedigrees when asked to perform real-life tasks with barley datasets. Results have shown an increase in correct responses between the prototype interface and Helium. A SUS analysis has sown a high acceptance rate for Helium.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:48:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:00:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 09622.pdf: 5768165 bytes, checksum: e2892f39925cad85d839fbede925fbad (MD5) / Tese (Doutoramento) / IPEN/T / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-26T13:42:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 1631185 bytes, checksum: 1a2583b9096adafba72549267dc3ce2e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-16 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Asian soybean rust (ASR) caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi fungus is the most important fungal disease that threatens soybean cultivation. Nowadays the main disease control procedure is administering fungicides from the triazole and strobilurin groups. However, using rust resistant or tolerating varieties is the best alternative for controlling the disease, as it reduces production costs, facilitates dealing with the disease and reduces possible environmental impact caused by usage of fungicides. Until now, five genes were identified in soybean (Rpp1 to 5) that are resistant to P. pachyrzi. However, there are new accesses that feature resistance and which inheritance is unknown. The objective of this work was studying the resistance inheritance of the PI 587905 access to the monopustular isolate PPUFV02 and demonstrating its relationship of the identified gene(s) to already described genes through genetic mapping by using microsatellite markers. A segregating F2 population was obtained for resistance by crossing access PI 587905 with the susceptible cultivar Conquista; this population was made of five subpopulations (23C 1 to 5) from different F1 plants. Plants from 23C-1 F2 population were inoculated in the V2-V3 stage in controlled conditions, with monopustular isolate PPUFV02 of P. pachyrizi and evaluated eight, ten, twelve and fourteen days after inoculation. Segregation pattern indicated that resistance is governed by a gene with partial dominance (χ2 = 1.86 p= 39.48%). Analysis with microsatellite markers indicated that the resistance gene is located in the linkage group G (LG-G) in the interval Sct_187-Sat_064 that contains the Rpp1 locus, suggesting that the resistance gene in access PI 587905 is a part of Rpp1 gene or another linked gene. Subpopulations 23C-2 to 5 were planted with the purpose of obtaining more plants with informative recombination events between the loci Sct_187 and Sat_064. Fenotyping of these plants was made in an identical way to the 23C-1 subpopulation; however genotyping was performed only in susceptible plants. From the group analysis of all subpopulations four F2 plants were obtained. They featured informative recombination events between the loci Sct_187 and Sat_064. Those can be used for deep mapping in this region, aiming to precisely locate the resistance gene and its future positional cloning. Markers Sct_187r2 and Sat_064 will also be suitable for use in assisted selection programs with molecular markers aiming introgression of the resistance gene in PI 587905 and its pyramid connection with other genes resistant to ASR in commercial soybean cultivars. / A ferrugem asiática da soja (FAS) causada pelo fungo Phakopsora pachyrhizi é a principal doença fúngica da cultura da soja. Atualmente a principal medida de controle da doença é a aplicação de fungicidas dos grupos dos triazóis e estrobilurinas. Todavia, a utilização de variedades resistentes ou tolerantes à ferrugem é a melhor alternativa para o controle da doença, por reduzir os custos de produção, facilitar o manejo da doença e reduzir os possíveis impactos ao ambiente ocasionados pelo uso de fungicidas. Na soja, até o momento, foram identificados cinco genes (Rpp1 a 5) de resistência a P. pachyrhizi. Contudo, existem novos acessos que apresentam resistência à FAS e cuja herança não é conhecida. Este trabalho teve por objetivo estudar a herança da resistência do acesso PI 587905 ao isolado monopustular PPUFV02 e demonstrar a relação do(s) gene(s) identificado(s) com os genes já descritos, por meio do mapeamento genético, utilizando marcadores microssatélites. Foi obtida uma população segregante F2 para a resistência pelo cruzamento do acesso PI 587905 com a cultivar suscetível Conquista. Essa população foi constituida de cinco subpopulações (23C- 1 a 5) oriundas de plantas F1 distintas. As plantas da subpopulação 23C-1 F2 foram inoculadas no estágio V2-V3, em condições controladas, com o isolado monopustular PPUFV02 de P. pachyrhizi, e avaliadas aos oito, dez, doze e quatorze dias após a inoculação. O padrão de segregação obtido revelou que a resistência é governada por um gene com dominância parcial (χ2= 1,86 p= 39,48%). As análises com marcadores microssatélites revelaram que o gene de resistência está localizado no grupo de ligação G (LG-G), no intervalo Sct_187- Sat_064 que contém o loco Rpp1, sugerindo que o gene de resistência do acesso PI 587905 é um alelo do gene Rpp1 ou de um novo gene ligado. As subpopulações 23C-2 a 5 foram plantadas com o intuito de se obterem mais plantas com eventos de recombinação informativos entre os locos Sct_187 e Sat_064. A fenotipagem dessas plantas foi realizada de maneira idêntica à da subpopulação 23C-1, contudo foi realizada a genotipagem apenas das plantas suscetíveis. Da análise conjunta de todas as subpopulações foram obtidas quatro plantas F2 que apresentaram eventos de recombinação informativos entre os locos Sct_187 e Sat_064, que podem ser utilizadas para o mapeamento fino nessa região, visando à localização precisa do gene de resistência e sua futura clonagem posicional. Os marcadores Sct_187r2 e Sat_064 também poderão ser utilizados em programas de seleção assistida por marcadores moleculares visando à introgressão do gene de resistência do PI 587905 e à sua piramidação com outros genes de resistência à FAS em cultivares comerciais de soja.

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No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Samara Rayane Pereira de Morais - 2018.pdf: 1662554 bytes, checksum: a507cd1d13ea851ee565f7b6064db936 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-04-17 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Goiás - FAPEG / The common bean anthracnose caused by the fungus Colletotrichum lindemuthianum is one of the main diseases that impacts negatively on crop yield. The use of resistant cultivars is an efficient tool to control this disease. However, the wide variability of C. lindemuthianum is a challenge for breeding programs. The pyramiding of different resistance alleles is a recommended strategy aiming to effective and durable resistance. Fourteen resistance loci to common bean anthracnose have been identified and described so far: Co-1, Co-2, Co-3, Co-4, Co-5, Co-6, co-8, Co-11, Co- 12, Co-13, Co-14, Co-15, Co16, and Co-17. This work has aimed to: (1) evaluate common bean resistance source based on their reaction to anthracnose in controlled environment and on the molecular analysis with molecular markers previously identified as linked to resistance loci; (2) test the allelic relationship among the anthracnose resistance loci present in the carioca seeded cultivars BRS Horizonte and BRS Cometa; and (3) study the genetic inheritance and mapping the anthracnose resistance in BRS Cometa. The phenotypic screening of the population F2 BRS Horizonte × BRS Cometa and F2 and F2:3 Rosinha G2 × BRS Cometa were carried out using the C. lindemuthianum pathotypes 89 and 91, respectively. The phenotypic and molecular characterization of 26 common bean lines were performed using two pathotypes (races 73 and 81) and seven SCAR and one STS markers. The evaluation of the reaction to disease was carried out using a 1-to-9 scale (resistant = 1 to 3, and susceptible = 4 to 9). The genotyping of the 104 F2 plants from the Rosinha G2 × BRS Cometa cross with SNP markers was carried out using the BARBean6K_3 Illumina Bead Chip on the Illumina Infinium HD Assay Ultra® genotyping platform. The genomic regions flanking the SNP markers were aligned against the reference genome of Phaseolus vulgaris, Andean variety (G19833) and Mesoamerican variety (BAT 93), using the BLASTN tool. As result from the phenotypic characterization, BRS Cometa and other thirteen common bean lines have been considered resistant to the races 73 and 81. The molecular characterization result has indicated that the resistance to anthracnose in BRS Cometa can be controlled by the Co-3 or other resistance locus in the chromosome Pv04, since BRS Cometa has showed amplification only for markers linked to the Co-3. Results from the phenotyping of the F2BRS Horizonte × BRS Cometa population indicated that the segregation ratio for the resistance to anthracnose has fit to the expected ratio of 15R_:1rr ( 2 = 1.24% and P = 26.41%). The segregation ratios in the F2 and F2:3 Rosinha G2 × BRS Cometa population has fit to expected ratio of 3R_:1rr ( 2 = 0.40% and P = 50.50%) and 1RR:2Rr:1rr ( 2 = 0.0% and P = 100%), respectively, indicating that the resistance to anthracnose in BRS Cometa is monogenic and dominant. The anthracnose resistance locus in BRS Cometa (Co-Cometa) was mapped on Pv04. Based on the genetic and physical distances observed between Co-Cometa and other resistance loci already described in Pv04 (Co-3, Co-15 and Co-16), the evidences indicate that Co-Cometa is a different locus. / A antracnose do feijoeiro, causada pelo fungo Colletotrichum lindemuthianum, é uma das principais doenças que impacta negativamente a produtividade da cultura. Para o manejo dessa doença, a utilização de cultivares resistentes é uma ferramenta eficiente. Porém, a ampla variabilidade de C. lindemuthianum representa um desafio para os programas de melhoramento genético. Deste modo, a piramidação de distintos alelos de resistência é uma estratégia recomendada. Atualmente, 14 locos de resistência à antracnose já foramcaracterizados e descritos: Co-1, Co-2, Co-3, Co-4, Co-5, Co-6, co-8, Co-11, Co-12, Co13, Co-14, Co-15, Co-16 e Co-17. O presente trabalho teve como objetivos: 1) avaliar linhagens fontes de resistência com base na reação à antracnose em ambiente controlado e análise molecular com marcadores moleculares identificados como ligados a locos de resistência; 2) testar a relação alélica entre os locos de resistência à antracnose presentes nas cultivares de feijão carioca BRS Horizonte e BRS Cometa; e 3) estudar a herança e mapear a resistência à antracnose na cultivar BRS Cometa. Foi realizada a fenotipagem das populações F2 BRS Horizonte × BRS Cometa e F2 e F2:3 Rosinha G2 × BRS Cometa, utilizando as raças 89 e 91, respectivamente. A caracterização fenotípica e molecular de 26 linhagens fontes de resistência foi realizada utilizando dois patótipos (raça 73 e 81) e sete marcadores SCAR e um STS. A avaliação da reação à doença foi realizada utilizando uma escala de notas contendo nove graus de reação (resistentes = 1 a 3 e suscetíveis = 4 a 9). Foi realizada a genotipagem de 104 plantas F2 Rosinha G2 × BRS Cometa com marcadores SNP, utilizando o BARBean6K_3 Illumina Bead Chip na plataforma de genotipagem Illumina Infinium HD Assay Ultra®. As regiões genômicas flanqueando os marcadores SNP foram alinhadas contra o genoma de referência de Phaseolus vulgaris, variedades Andina (G19833) e Mesoamericana (BAT 93), usando a ferramenta BLASTN. Como resultado da caracterização fenotípica, BRS Cometa e 13 linhagens foram consideradas resistentes às raças 73 e 81. A caracterização molecular indicou que a resistência à antracnose presente em BRS Cometa pode ser governada pelo loco Co-3 ou outro loco de resistência presente no cromossomo Pv04, uma vez que BRS Cometa apresentou amplificação apenas para marcadores ligados ao loco Co-3. Os resultados da fenotipagem da população F2 BRS Horizonte × BRS Cometa indicaram que a razão de segregação para resistência à antracnose se ajustou à proporção esperada de 15R_: 1rr ( 2 = 1,24 e P = 26,41%). As razões de segregação nas populações F2 e F2:3 Rosinha G2 × BRS Cometa se ajustaram à proporção esperada de 3R_:1rr ( 2 = 0,40 e P = 50,50%) e 1RR:2Rr:1rr ( 2 = 0,0 e P = 100%), respectivamente, evidenciando que a resistência em BRS Cometa é monogênica dominante. O loco de resistência à antracnose presente em BRS Cometa (CoCometa) foi mapeado no cromossomo Pv04. Com base nas distâncias genéticas e físicas observadas entre Co-Cometa e outros locos de resistência já descritos em Pv04 (Co-3, Co15 e Co-16), as evidencias são que Co-Cometa trata-se de um loco distinto.

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