Pocos estudios en Latinoamérica han evaluado la prevalencia de dismorfia muscular (MD), la mayoría de ellos en usuarios de gimnasios o levantadores de pesas. Se evaluó la prevalencia de universitarios varones (n=618) seleccionados a través de un muestreo probabilístico por conglomerados en una universidad privada en Lima, Perú en el 2015. Se midió la presencia de MD con la versión peruana del Muscle Appearance Satisfaction Scale (MASS) y como factores asociados los trastornos obsesivos compulsivos con el Yale- Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale modified for Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD-YBOCS), frecuencia de actividad física (AF) y consumo de alimentos. Se encontró una prevalencia de MD de 1,3 (IC95%: 0,4-2,2%), y estuvo asociado con realizar más de 5 horas semanales de AF y tener una dieta hiperproteica. La MD no es un trastorno infrecuente, está presente en población general y se requiere mayor investigación para afrontar esta problemática emergente.

La Dismofia Muscular (DM) está asociada a trastornos psiquiátricos como depresión y a abuso de Esteroides Anabólicos (EA). Sin embargo, esta asociación no ha sido estudiada en poblaciones como usuarios de EA. El uso de estas sustancias genera cambios sobre la musculatura, lo que puede generar en el usuario una percepción distinta de su cuerpo y generar una asociación distinta entre la depresión y DM. El estudio tiene como objetivo Estimar la asociación entre la presencia de síntomas depresivos y DM, además de otros factores asociados en usuarios de gimnasios de Lima que consumen EA. Métodos: Estudio observacional, analítico y transversal realizado en gimnasios de Lima, entre Septiembre 2015 y Marzo 2016. Se incluyó a varones mayores de 18 años usuarios de EA. El muestreo fue por bola de nieve. Se utilizó un cuestionario autoaplicado utilizando Survey Monkey en dispositivos portátiles. El desenlace fue medido con el cuestionario PHQ-9 (≥10 puntos) y la DM fue evaluada con el instrumento MASS (≥63 puntos). Se calcularon las razones de prevalencia crudas y ajustadas a través de la Regresión de Poisson simple y múltiple con varianza robusta con sus respectivos intervalos de confianza al 95%. Resultados: 392 sujetos fueron incluidos en el análisis. La frecuencia de depresión fue 24,5% y la de DM 66,6%. No se encontró asociación entre presentar síntomas depresivos y dismorfia muscular (p=0,309). Conclusiones: No se encontró asociación entre síntomas depresivos y la dismorfia muscular. / Association between depressive symptoms and muscle dysmorphia in users of gyms that consume anabolic steroids in Lima, 2015 Abstract Muscle Dysmophy (MD) is associated with psychiatric disorders such as depression and substance abuse such as Anabolic Steroids (ASS). However, this association has not been studied in ASS users. This substance generates changes on muscle, this could generate a different perception on the body in ASS users and generate a different association between depression and MD. The aim of the study is estimate the association between the presence of depressive symptoms and MD, in addition to other factors associated in users of gyms in Lima who consume ASS. Methods: Observational, analytical study was carried out in gyms of Lima, between September 2015 and March 2016.The study included men over 18 who had consumed at least once ASS, using a snowball sampling. A self-administered questionnaire using Survey Monkey was used in portable devices. Sociodemographic and ASS regarding the use of variables was evaluated. The outcome was measured with the PHQ-9 (≥10 points) and the MD was evaluated with the MASS instrument (≥63 points). The reasons for crude and adjusted prevalence were calculated by Poisson regression with robust variance single and multiple with their respective 95% confidence intervals. Results: 423 guest’s subjects, 392 were included in the analysis. Depressive symptoms rate was 24,5% and 66,6% DM. No file association between depressive symptoms and muscle dysmorphia (p = 0.309) was found. Conclusions: No association between depressive symptoms and muscle dysmorphia was found. / Tesis

Muscle dysmorphia is an obsessive-compulsive disorder subcategorized as a body dysmorphic disorder. Studies in Latin America have assessed the prevalence of muscle dysmorphia in bodybuilders and gym users. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of muscle dysmorphia symptomatology (MDS) and associated factors in university male students in Lima, Peru. The participants (N = 618) had an average age of 21.0 years (DS = 2.3). We assessed MDS through the Muscular Appearance Satisfaction Scale (MASS) and obsessive-compulsive disorders through the Yale-Brown Scale Modified for Body Dysmorphic Disorders (BDD-YBOCS). We also tested participants on their food consumption and physical activity (PA) frequency. The prevalence of MDS was 1.3% (IC 95% = 0.4-2.2%) . associated with factors such as intense PA defined as more than five hours per week (PRa = 9.5; 95% CI = 1.1-84.4) and a hyperproteic diet (PRa = 1.3; 95% CI = 1.1-1.6). Thirty-two percent of participants consumed protein supplements. Muscle dysmorphia is a disorder present in the general population. However, more research must be done to understand how this is an emerging problem in Latin America. Therefore, to influence its prevention and early identification among the university population, it is necessary to deepen the understanding. / Muscle dysmorphia is an obsessive-compulsive disorder subcategorized as a body dysmorphic disorder. Studies in Latin America have assessed the prevalence of muscle dysmorphia in bodybuilders and gym users. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of muscle dysmorphia symptomatology (MDS) and associated factors in university male students in Lima, Peru. The participants (N = 618) had an average age of 21.0 years (DS = 2.3). We assessed MDS through the Muscular Appearance Satisfaction Scale (MASS) and obsessive-compulsive disorders through the Yale-Brown Scale Modified for Body Dysmorphic Disorders (BDD-YBOCS). We also tested participants on their food consumption and physical activity (PA) frequency. The prevalence of MDS was 1.3% (IC 95% = 0.4-2.2%) . associated with factors such as intense PA defined as more than five hours per week (PRa = 9.5; 95% CI = 1.1-84.4) and a hyperproteic diet (PRa = 1.3; 95% CI = 1.1-1.6). Thirty-two percent of participants consumed protein supplements. Muscle dysmorphia is a disorder present in the general population. However, more research must be done to understand how this is an emerging problem in Latin America. Therefore, to influence its prevention and early identification among the university population, it is necessary to deepen the understanding.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-07-04T20:09:01Z No. of bitstreams: 1 jairojosemonteiromorgado.pdf: 2154358 bytes, checksum: 552ec0c4064aa2d51c6c2a741ffd704f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-07-13T16:23:13Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 jairojosemonteiromorgado.pdf: 2154358 bytes, checksum: 552ec0c4064aa2d51c6c2a741ffd704f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-13T16:23:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 jairojosemonteiromorgado.pdf: 2154358 bytes, checksum: 552ec0c4064aa2d51c6c2a741ffd704f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-07-13 / A imagem corporal é a representação mental das experiências corporais. Este constructo é multidimensional, sistêmico e dinâmico, influenciado pela interrelação de aspectos sociais, emocionais e fisiológicos, que interferem na sua constante remodelação. Neste sentido, o indivíduo que participa do Período Básico do Curso de Formação de Sargentos (CFS) vivencia diferentes modos, costumes e valores do cotidiano militar. Emergem, portanto, um conjunto de diferenciadas sensações, percepções e vivências corporais, que podem impactar diferentes aspectos da imagem corporal de integrantes deste curso. Este estudo objetiva investigar o impacto do Período Básico do CFS na imagem corporal de jovens que ingressam no Exército Brasileiro. Esta dissertação é apresentada sob a forma de 4 artigos: o primeiro intitulado “Imagem Corporal de militares: um estudo de revisão”, estabeleceu um contato inicial com a literatura da imagem corporal de homens militares, por meio de uma revisão da literatura especializada; o segundo foi intitulado de “Concepções sobre “Drive for Muscularity” em homens” e foi motivado pela escassez de estudos sobre imagem corporal de militares e pela importância da muscularidade na imagem corporal de homens, sendo realizada uma revisão da literatura sobre o tema em questão; o terceiro, intitulado “Impacto do Curso de Formação de Sargentos na imagem corporal de homens militares”, do tipo qualitativo descritivo, realizado com análise de conteúdo, no qual, por meio de entrevista semiestruturada, buscou-se compreender melhor componentes da imagem corporal de homens militares, particularmente no que se refere à busca pela muscularidade, além de verificar o impacto do CFS nestes componentes em alunos deste curso; finalmente, o quarto e último artigo que compõe esta dissertação foi intitulado de “Efeito do Treinamento Físico Militar (TFM) em características antropométricas e desempenho físico de militares”, tendo em vista que, além de influências psicológicas e sociais, a imagem corporal também se estrutura mediante o contexto fisiológico. Consideramos necessário avaliar o impacto de um importante aspecto do CFS, o TFM, em variáveis antropométricas e de desempenho físico dos alunos deste curso. Concluiu-se que o CFS influenciou positivamente componentes da imagem corporal de militares, a relação dos participantes com a sua muscularidade e índices de desempenho físico dos sujeitos deste estudo. / Body image is a mental representation of bodily experiences. This construct is multidimensional, systemic and dynamic, influenced by the interrelation of social, emotional and physiological aspects which interfere in its constant remodeling. In this sense, the person who participates in the Basic Semester of the CFS (Sargent Training Program) lives the ways, habits and values of the daily military life. Thus, a set of different sensations, perceptions and bodily experiences emerge, and they may impact in distinct aspects of the course attendees' body image. This study aims to investigat4e the impact of the Basic Semester of the CFS in the body image of the youngsters who join the Brazilian Army. This dissertation is presented as four articles: the first one is called “Body Image of the Military: a review”, has established an initial contact with the literature on the body image of military men by means of a specialized literature review; the second one, entitled “Conceptions on “Drive for Muscularity” in men”, was motivated by the scarcity of studies on the body image of the military and because of the importance of muscularity in men's body image, and homens, literary review on “Drive for Muscularity”; was also performed; the third one, called “Impact of the CFS on the Body Image of Military Men ”, a descriptive-qualitative article carried out with content analysis and which, by means of semistructured interviews, it was sought to better understand the components of body image of military men, particularly regarding the search for muscle building and to verify the impact of the CFS in these body image components in the course students; finally, the fourth one is called “Effects of the Military Physical Training (TFM) in anthropometric features and in the physical performance of the military”. Since, besides the phychological and social influences, body image is also structured according to the physiological context, it is necessary to assess the impact if an important aspect of the CFS - the TFM - in anthropometric variables and physical performance of the students of this course. It can be concluded that the CFS has positively influenced the components of body image in the military, the relationship with their muscularity and the physical performance indexes of the subjects of this study.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-27T14:20:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 THIAGO CAMARGO IWAMOTO.pdf: 1672237 bytes, checksum: a42791a8d72c63bfcd6d5e91ab949930 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-04-14 / The present study aims to investigate the dependence of physical exercise and musculardysmorphia symptoms in individuals practicing physical activity in the gym environment,analyzing the topography of behaviors during physical activity. The data were obtained byapplying the Dependency Scale Physical Exercises, Muscle dysmorphia inventory, and directobservation of behavior during physical activity. The sample included nine participants, allteachers of Physical Education, separated into two groups defined as PréQuest and PósQuest.Despite this separation, found through analysis of the scale and inventory, there is nosignificant difference between groups. A relationship between the responses of forms andtopography of behaviors during practice was found, indicating that the higher the level ofexercise dependence and symptomatic level of muscular dysmorphia, the greater theoccurrence of behaviors with aesthetic purpose. The media, in this context, has beenmediating, creative, reinforcing and normalizing a body ideal. Those who do not fit the bodysaid " perfect," and collected feel dissatisfied. With the changes in the media, economic andother social fields instances, the cult of the body has gained more space, so it has never beenhandled, used, and disposed of as set in the twenty-first century, leading people to relentlessand endless worry and search for the "perfect" stereotype that society has built. Thus, it hasbeen common practice too much physical exercise , drastic changes in diet and use of variousmedia immediacy of body modification, enabling the development of psychological disorderssuch as muscle dysmorphia. / O presente estudo pretende investigar a dependência de exercícios físicos e sintomas de Dismorfia Muscular em indivíduos praticantes de atividade física no ambiente de academia, analisando a topografia de comportamentos durante a prática de atividade física. Os dados foram obtidos através da aplicação da Escala de Dependência de Exercícios Físicos, Inventário de Dismorfia Muscular, e observação direta dos comportamentos durante a prática de atividade física. A amostra contemplou nove participantes, todos são professores de Educação Física, separados em dois grupos definidos como PréQuest e PósQuest. Apesar desta separação, não se verificou, através das análises da escala e inventário, nenhuma diferença significativa entre os grupos. Foi encontrada uma relação entre as respostas dos formulários e a topografia dos comportamentos durante a prática, indicando que quanto mais alto o nível dedependência de exercícios e nível sintomático de Dismorfia Muscular, maiores serão a ocorrências de comportamentos com finalidade estética. A mídia, nesse âmbito, tem sido mediadora, criadora, reforçadora e padronizadora de um ideal de corpo. Aqueles que não se encaixam no corpo dito perfeito , sentem-se cobrados e insatisfeitos. Com as mudanças nos campos midiático, econômico e outras instâncias sociais, o culto ao corpo tem ganhado cada vez mais espaço, desta forma o mesmo nunca foi tão tratado, usado, ajustado e descartado como no século XXI, levando as pessoas a uma incansável e infindável preocupação e busca pelo estereótipo perfeito que a sociedade tem construído. Desta forma, tem sido comum a prática demasiada de exercício físico, modificações drásticas na dieta alimentar e utilização de diversos meios imediatistas de alteração corporal, possibilitando o desenvolvimento de transtornos psicológicos, tal como a Dismorfia Muscular.