As obras de desvio de rios para a construção de barragens, embora tenham caráter provisório, são de estrema importância, pois definem como o empreendimento será executado, garantindo segurança à sua construção, dentro de riscos calculados, devendo no entanto ser o mais econômica possível. As estruturas de desvio devem se encaixar no arranjo das estruturas permanentes, podendo ser utilizadas como tal. Este trabalho tem o intuito de apresentar as principais estruturas utilizadas em esquemas de desvio de rios e caracterizar sua utilização e aplicabilidade. Sempre que possível foram apresentados esquemas utilizados na prática ou previstos em projeto, para melhor exemplificar e caracterizar as diversas estruturas e as possíveis soluções para desvio de rios. / Diversion works for dam construction are temporary. Nevertheless, they are extremely important, since they define how the construction is going to be made, and assuring its safety, within calculated risks. But, they have to be as economical as possible. The diversion structures must fit the global arrangement of the project, being in some cases be used as permanent structures. This document has the objective of present the main diversion structures used in diversion works schemes, as well as characterize their utilization and applicability. Whenever possible, it was presented examples of schemes either already used or just previewed on design, to better characterize and exemplify the many structures and possible solutions for river diversion.

Many large urban juvenile probation departments have begun to utilize mental health courts to meet the demands of the increasing number of individuals who have mental health issues that end up in the juvenile justice system. Diversion programs are designed to keep youth in the community and out of the juvenile justice system, but it is not clear whether these programs keep individuals from re-offending. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine whether diversion programs used in the mental health courts are helping to decrease recidivism for juveniles identified with mental illness. This study was also aimed at identifying how mental illnesses affect successful completion of programming. The theory of therapeutic jurisprudence was used as the theoretical foundation to help guide this quantitative, quasi-experimental study and answer the research questions. The data utilized was from a large urban juvenile probation department, which uses the mental health court as a diversion program. Data was collected from 2009 to 2017 on both youth who participated in the program and those who chose not to participate in the program. Chi-square and logistic regression were used to analyze the data. Based on the chi-square, recidivism rates were significantly impacted by participation in the mental health court. The data presented demonstrated mental health court is effective at reducing recidivism. The potential is there for positive social change in the treatment of youth with mental illness both in the community and the juvenile justice system.

Tight gas sands, coal-bed methane, and gas shales are commonly called unconventional reservoirs. Tight gas sands (TGS) are often described as formations with an expected average permeability of 0.1mD or less. Gas production rates from TGS reservoirs are usually low due to poor permeability. As such, state-of-the-art technology must be used to economically develop the resource. TGS formations need to be hydraulically fractured in order to enhance the gas production rates. A majority of these reservoirs can be described as thick, multilayered gas systems. Many reservoirs are hundreds of feet thick and some are thousands of feet thick. The technology used to complete and stimulate thick, tight gas reservoirs is quite complex. It is often difficult to determine the optimum completion and stimulating techniques in thick reservoirs. The optimum methods are functions of many parameters, such as depth, pressure, temperature, in-situ stress and the number of layers. In multilayered reservoirs, it is important to include several sand layers in a single completion. The petroleum literature contains information on the various diversion techniques involved in the completion of these multilayered reservoirs. In this research, we have deduced and evaluated eight possible techniques that have been used in the oil and gas industry to divert multilayered fracture treatments in layered reservoirs. We have developed decision charts, economic analyses and computer programs that will assist completion engineers in determining which of the diversion methods are feasible for a given well stimulation. Our computer programs have been tested using case histories from the petroleum literature with results expressed in this thesis. A limited entry design program has also being developed from this research to calculate the fluid distribution into different layers when fracture treating multilayered tight gas reservoirs using the limited entry technique. The research is aimed at providing decision tools which will eventually be input into an expert advisor for well completions in tight gas reservoirs worldwide.

Tight gas sands, coal-bed methane, and gas shales are commonly called unconventional reservoirs. Tight gas sands (TGS) are often described as formations with an expected average permeability of 0.1mD or less. Gas production rates from TGS reservoirs are usually low due to poor permeability. As such, state-of-the-art technology must be used to economically develop the resource. TGS formations need to be hydraulically fractured in order to enhance the gas production rates. A majority of these reservoirs can be described as thick, multilayered gas systems. Many reservoirs are hundreds of feet thick and some are thousands of feet thick. The technology used to complete and stimulate thick, tight gas reservoirs is quite complex. It is often difficult to determine the optimum completion and stimulating techniques in thick reservoirs. The optimum methods are functions of many parameters, such as depth, pressure, temperature, in-situ stress and the number of layers. In multilayered reservoirs, it is important to include several sand layers in a single completion. The petroleum literature contains information on the various diversion techniques involved in the completion of these multilayered reservoirs. In this research, we have deduced and evaluated eight possible techniques that have been used in the oil and gas industry to divert multilayered fracture treatments in layered reservoirs. We have developed decision charts, economic analyses and computer programs that will assist completion engineers in determining which of the diversion methods are feasible for a given well stimulation. Our computer programs have been tested using case histories from the petroleum literature with results expressed in this thesis. A limited entry design program has also being developed from this research to calculate the fluid distribution into different layers when fracture treating multilayered tight gas reservoirs using the limited entry technique. The research is aimed at providing decision tools which will eventually be input into an expert advisor for well completions in tight gas reservoirs worldwide.

Taiwan Judicial diversion for juvenile delinquents has implemented near ten years after the Law Governing the Disposition of Juvenile Case revising in 1997. The implementation of judicial diversion depends on closely cooperating between the administration of social policy and the administration of justice, and the two have already been learning each other from the past ten years and has developed a set of cooperative mechanisms. However, because of the restriction of the policy and resource faces many difficulties during judicial diversion for juvenile delinquents implement course and the effect limited. For understand the question of judicial diversion for juvenile delinquents that this research uses the documents conference. First, this research probe into the theoretical foundation of diversion system. And then inspect the difficulties during the judicial diversion from foreign countries experiences of diversion. Finally, take a broad view of the full text and propose suggestions to judicial diversion for juvenile delinquents of our country as follow: 1. Set up specialized legislative procedure. 2. To combine the judicial diversion before police transfer. 3. Distinguish the nature, supervision power and responsibility of broad meaning judicial diversion. 4. Set up the comment the mechanism of judicial diversion under judicial system. 5. Relax the structuring standard of placement organization. 6. To safeguard the teenager¡¦s taught right. 7. To order the content of counseling after judicial diversion and assistant independence life program.

published_or_final_version / Civil Engineering / Master / Master of Philosophy

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Nevada, Reno, 2007. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 301-309). Also available via the Internet.

Zugl.: Innsbruck, Univ., Diss., 2006

Zugl.: Diss.

abstract: This study examines the differences in demographic and life characteristics between transgender and female prostitutes in a prostitution diversion program and identifies specialized treatment and exiting strategies for transgender prostitutes. The purpose of this study was to develop a better understanding of the transgender experience in prostitution and to contribute to the descriptive literature. Participants were 465 individuals who were arrested for prostitution and attended a prostitution-focused diversion program. Differences found to be significant between transgender and female prostitutes included demographic characteristics, history of childhood sexual abuse, and experience of violence in prostitution. Implications for treatment, exiting strategies and future research are discussed. / Dissertation/Thesis / M.S.W. Social Work 2011