<p>The subject of this paper is to examine the view of diversity among ten teachers and three principals in the Swedish compulsory school. The purpose is to investigate how they relate to the diversity and in what ways it is involved in their work.</p><p>The French sociologist Pierre Bourdieus basic ideas of habitus, capital and field are used as a theoretical starting point. The study is mainly based on interviews supported by literature in the subject area.</p><p>The findings show that diversity is associated with ethnicity among all informants. The drawn conclusion is that this is partly due to the mediated picture but also since ethnicity mainly serves as a starting point in the literature.</p>

Although bilingualism is a common feature of clinical work with patients, the specific aspects of working with the dreams of the bilingual patient have not been much discussed. This qualitative study explored the discrepancies that arise in the linguistic expressions of the psychological complexes when dreams are worked simultaneously in the dreamer's native and second language. The aim was to learn more about the significance of including the bilingual patient's native tongue when working with dreams in a dreamer's second language. Key concepts on the study of language, dreams, psychological complexes, linguistics and psychoanalysis situated the research using various theoretical perspectives, such as Merleau-Ponty's and Ricoeur's understanding of language, Freudian and Lacanian psychoanalysis, as well as Jungian and post-Jungian's analytical psychology. The focal point was the important role of words, phonetics, and grammar in the unconscious association process, particularly as it was revealed in the presence of complexes in dreams. This literature review served as a framework for an empirical investigation in which bilingual participants' dream texts written down in both languages (i.e., Spanish and English) were compared to find linguistic discrepancies between them. The data was collected after the administration of the Spanish version of Jung's Word Association Experiment to five participants to obtain a map of their psychological complexes. The participants wrote down three personal dream narratives in both their native and second languages, and they included their associations to each dream. The results demonstrated that the mother tongue describes better the dream ego's experience and brings in childhood and family of origin life, while revealing complexes more straightforwardly. However, for a person who has a life in two languages, both tongues would potentially carry the emotional tone of complexes in dreams. Clinically, these results suggest an analytic attitude that is sensitive to the intrinsic and lively link between words and complexes, and is alert to the sound of words in their polysemy and metaphorical dimensions in bilingual patients. / McAnulty College and Graduate School of Liberal Arts / Clinical Psychology / PhD / Dissertation

Research on natural environments, over the last decade, is replete with microbial diversity studies that used culture-independent approaches. The cloning and sequencing of the 16S rRNA genes has been the driving force in the expansion of awareness about the great diversity of previously undiscovered microorganisms. Well-known uncultured groups of microorganisms are numerous, and half of the known phylogenetic divisions of bacteria are not represented in any culture collection. It is no longer assumed that cultures acquired from an environment represent the dominant or physiologically important organisms from that environment. A high throughput culturing (HTC) technique was developed in an attempt to bring into culture some of these widespread and uncultured microorganisms. Over the course of 3 years, 2,484 culturing attempts were screened for microbial growth from sample collections off the coast of Oregon and 576 attempts from groundwater at McClellan Air Force Base (MAFB). However, using the HTC approach up to 14% of the microorganisms counted by direct microscopy were cultured. In contrast, less than 1% of the microorganisms from natural environments that are observed under a microscope can be grown using standard agar plating techniques. This newly developed technique was successful at bringing into culture 11 previously uncultured or undescribed Proteobacteria. Four were isolated from the marine environment including, members of the SAR11 clade (alpha subclass), OM43 (beta-subclass), SAR92 (gamma subclass), and OM60/OM241 (gamma subclass). SAR11 was transiently cultured in this study but was later successfully brought into culture using these HTC techniques by Mike Rapp��. Eight were isolated from a trichioroethene (TCE) and cis-dichloroethene (cis-DCE) contaminated aquifer, including members of the MHP14 clade (alpha subclass), 4-Org1-14 dade (alpha subclass), Herbaspirillum/Oxalobacter clade (beta subclass), HTCC333 (beta subclass), HTCC410 (beta subclass), PM1 clade (beta subclass), Boom-7m-04 clade (beta subclass) and OM43 clade (beta subclass). Culturing microorganisms is an important step towards understanding their physiology and ecology, and in most cases is necessary for the formal systematic description of a new species. For microorganisms of global significance, such as the major uncultured bacterioplankton and soil microbiota, obtaining cultures is a prerequisite for obtaining complete genome sequences and understanding the relevance of these microorganisms to biogeochemical cycles. / Graduation date: 2003

Statisticians often focus on sampling or experimental design and data analysis while paying less attention to how the response is measured. However, the ideas of statistics may be applied to measurement problems with fruitful results. By examining the errors of measured responses, we may gain insight into the limitations of current measures and develop a better understanding of how to interpret and qualify the results. The first chapter considers the problem of measuring taxonomic richness as an index of habitat quality and stream health. In particular, we investigate numerical taxa richness (NTR), or the number of observed taxa in a fixed-count, as a means to assess differences in taxonomic composition and reduce cost. Because the number of observed taxa increases with the number of individuals counted, rare taxa are often excluded from NTR with smaller counts. NTR measures based on different counts effectively assess different levels of rarity, and hence target different parameters. Determining the target parameter that NTR is "really" estimating is an important step toward facilitating fair comparisons based on different sized samples. Our first study approximates the parameter unbiasedly estimated by NTR and explores alternatives for estimation based on smaller and larger counts. The second investigation considers response error resulting from panel evaluations. Because people function as the measurement instrument, responses are particularly susceptible to variation not directly related to the experimental unit. As a result, observed differences may not accurately reflect real differences in the products being measured. Chapter Two offers several linear models to describe measurement error resulting from unanchored responses across successive evaluations over time, which we call u-errors. We examine changes to Type I and Type II error probabilities for standard F-tests in balanced factorial models where u-errors are confounded with an effect under investigation. We offer a relatively simple method for determining whether or not distributions of mean square ratios for testing fixed effects change in the presence of u-error. In addition, the validity of the test is shown to depend both on the level of confounding and whether not u-errors vary about a nonzero mean. / Graduation date: 2002

Graduation date: 1994

The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of a hands-on science curriculum, which integrates mathematics and supports the development of English language skills, on third grade students' mathematics achievement - specifically the measurement subscale of the statewide assessment. The data draws from a larger 5-year research project consisting of reform-based science curriculum units and teacher workshops designed to promote effective instruction of science while integrating mathematics and supporting English language development. The third grade curriculum places a strong emphasis on developing measurement skills in the context of scientific investigations. Third grade students' performance on the measurement subscale of the statewide mathematics assessment at experimental and comparison schools were examined using a hierarchical linear model (HLM). Students participating in the treatment performed significantly higher than students at comparison schools. The results of this study provide evidence that an integrated approach to math and science instruction can benefit diverse populations of students.

Much of the world's species diversity is located in tropical and sub-tropical ecosystems, and a better understanding of the ecology of these systems is necessary to stem biodiversity loss and assess community- and ecosystem-level responses to anthropogenic impacts. In this dissertation, I endeavored to broaden our understanding of complex ecosystems through research conducted on the Cinaruco River, a floodplain river in Venezuela, with specific emphasis on how a human-induced perturbation, commercial netting activity, may affect food web structure and function. I employed two approaches in this work: (1) comparative analyses based on descriptive food web characteristics, and (2) experimental manipulations within important food web modules. Methodologies included monthly sampling of fish assemblages using a variety of techniques, large-scale field experiments, extensive stomach content and stable isotope analyses. Two themes unite the information presented: (1) substantial spatial and temporal variability in food web structure, and (2) how body-size can be used to generalize species-interactions across this complexity. Spatial variability occurred at various scales, from among small fish assemblages on seemingly homogeneous sand banks, to differences among landscape scale units (e.g. between lagoons and main river channel). Seasonal variability was apparent in predation patterns, with relative prey availability and body size primarily resulting in decreasing prey sizes with falling water levels. Body size was also related to functional outcomes of species interactions, for example, a size-based response of prey fishes to large-bodied piscivore exclusion. This pattern was further substantiated at the landscape-scale, as differences in assemblage structure among netted and un-netted lagoons were largely size-based. Trophic position of fish and body size was not found to be related, likely due to the diversity of prey available to consumers, and may signify that commercial netting activity will not decrease food chain lengths. In sum, by describing human impacts within a food web context, I endeavor to provide predictive power regarding a specific human-induced environmental problem, yet still allowing for generality that will broaden the theoretical foundations and applications of food web ecology.

While our schools across the United States evidently are witnessing an influx of students from diverse backgrounds, the need to address the issue of diversity among public school teachers is critical for inclusive and equitable schools. The purpose of this study was to explore and analyze Texas secondary agricultural education teachers' attitudes toward diversity inclusion in Texas secondary agricultural education programs. Using a web-based questionnaire, the researcher employed a nonproportional stratified random sampling technique, and 232 secondary agricultural education teachers participated in the study. Descriptive statistics were used for reporting the demographic and personal characteristics of respondents. Mean scores were used to assess teachers' perceptions of the benefits of diversity inclusion, perceptions of the barriers of diversity inclusion, and perceptions of proposed solutions to increase diversity inclusion in Texas secondary agricultural education programs. The sample consisted of 170 males and 45 females. The ethnic distribution of the sample was 90.5% White/European American, 6.2% Hispanic/Latino American, 1.9% Native American, 0.9% African American, and 0.5% Asian American. Respondents agreed that secondary agricultural education programs can benefit students of color and students with disabilities. Respondents also agreed that some of the barriers that prevent diversity inclusion in agricultural education include the lack of information about agricultural education, negative parental attitudes about agricultural education, and not being accepted by peers. Respondents indicated that the following is needed for all students to achieve in school: (a) educators, parents, and policymakers must develop strategies to address the different learning styles of all students; (b) agricultural educators should encourage and strive to increase students? of color membership in FFA; (c) teachers should become familiar with students of color represented in their classrooms in order to promote an atmosphere of acceptance and cooperation; and (d) agricultural educators should increase recruitment efforts to promote diversity inclusion must occur. The study also indicated that statistically significant differences in means scores existed based upon certain personal characteristics in regards to the Benefits, Barriers, and Solutions scales.

<p>&nbsp / </p> <p align="left">This thesis focuses on federalism and ethnic diversity. Using two case studies, South Africa and Ethiopia, it sets to examine whether institutional designs in a form of federalism can serve as an effective instrument to respond to ethnic claims while at the same time maintaining national unity in the context of multi-ethnic societies. The issues this study investigates are <font face="Times New Roman" size="3"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">not only topical to multi-ethnic states around the world but constitute the core problems to which communities, ranging from the troubled Sudan to Nigeria and from the Western Sahara to the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), are struggling to find solutions. In this regard, the thesis may assist those multi-ethnic states that are struggling to find institutional solution to <font face="Times New Roman" size="3"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">the ethnic conflicts that characterise their society.</font></font></font></font></p>

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