Islamic Law in Canada: Marriage and Divorce provides an analysis of how Canadian society and the Canadian judicial system have responded to the use of the Shari'a to resolve issues relating to Islamic marriage and divorce in Canada. This dissertation explores two instances where Canadian society has been forced to address the role of the Shari'a in Canada and its interaction with Canadian laws and values. The first involves the debate that took place in Ontario over the last decade concerning the use of Islamic arbitration in family matters. This public debate ultimately led to the rejection of faith-based arbitration in that province, a decision apparently consistent with traditional Canadian attitudes towards multiculturalism. The second area of interaction between Canadian and Islamic law is within the Canadian court system itself. In particular, Canadian judges are occasionally required to grapple with Islamic family law issues when rendering judgments on certain cases that appear before them. This dissertation will examine a number of such cases in order to illustrate how the Shari'a has been addressed by Canadian judges. The overall aim of this work is to situate Islamic law within Canada's liberal framework. It is argued that although Canadians are amenable to certain levels of diversity, values that fall outside mainstream liberalism are not granted recognition. This dissertation will also demonstrate that the failure to legitimize Islamic arbitration represents a lost opportunity that would have broadened the scope of Canadian justice to include minority voices. The decision to reject faith-based arbitration will motivate some Muslims to seek justice from ad-hoc bodies of authority. Devoid of government oversight, these forms of underground Islamic justice may negatively affect certain members of Canada's Muslim community.

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The purpose of this study was to better understand which components of available information are used by legal professionals when making a child custody recommendation decision in Virginia. / Master of Science

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Orientador: Elisabete Doria Bilac / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-22T02:18:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Barnabe_GrazielaCristinaFarinaRamosRibeiro_M.pdf: 3321503 bytes, checksum: 0eaa844895a0b4706e67090db6fbcd16 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: Esta dissertação se insere nos estudos sobre famílias e suas transformações demográficas no Estado de São Paulo a partir dos anos 1.980 especialmente no que tange ao aumento do número de divórcios nas famílias dessa região. Seu objetivo geral é analisar as relações existentes entre os processos demográficos e os processos jurídicos envolvidos no referido aumento. Os objetivos específicos são, por um lado, analisar se as mudanças concretas observadas nessas famílias foram acompanhadas pelas mudanças jurídicas através das leis, dos projetos de lei, da doutrina e jurisprudência brasileiras, e, por outro lado, investigar se as mudanças jurídicas facilitaram mudanças concretas, contribuindo, assim, para o aumento do número de divórcios. A pesquisa focaliza, portanto, se o Direito acompanhou ou não tais alterações. A investigação empreendida nessa dissertação é fundamentada pela hipótese de que o Direito, através das referidas leis, pode acompanhar as mudanças sociais no que tange ao aumento do número de divórcios. O trabalho foi desenvolvido a partir da análise quantitativa de dados demográficos e da análise compreensiva da legislação brasileira referente ao divórcio. As fontes de dados demográficas utilizadas foram os Censos Demográficos dos anos 1.980, 1.991, 2.000 e 2.010 e os dados sobre casamentos, separações judiciais e divórcios no período de 1.984 a 2.011 das Estatísticas do Registro Civil obtidos no sistema SIDRA do IBGE. Utilizaram-se, como fontes de dados jurídicas, obras do Direito de Família e literatura sobre a matéria de áreas afins. A partir das análises do material colhido constata-se que no Brasil, nas últimas quatro décadas a partir da Lei do Divórcio, o número de divórcios apresentou tendência de aumento bastante significativa, fenômeno que indica mudanças rápidas na sociedade. Observa-se que a cada época em que ocorrem alterações na legislação sobre divórcio, as suas taxas aumentam (em 2.011, a taxa geral de divórcios ¿ TGD ¿ atingiu o seu maior valor desde o início da série histórica das Estatísticas do Registro Civil, em 1.984). No entanto, as taxas de separação judicial apresentam comportamento contrário, diminuindo significativamente (em 2.011 a taxa geral de separação atingiu o menor índice da série) / Abstract: This dissertation inserts itself in the studies about families and the demographic changes in the state of São Paulo since the eighties especially regarding to the increasing number of divorces in families of this region. Its general purpose is to analyze the relations between Demography and Law with the mentioned increase. The specific objectives are, on the one hand, to analyze if the changes observed in these families were accompanied by the legal changes trough Brazilian laws, bills, doctrine and jurisprudence, and, on the other hand, investigate if the legal changes favored concrete changes, thus contributing to the increasing number of divorces. The research focuses, therefore, on whether or not the Law followed such changes. The investigation undertaken in this dissertation is based on the hypothesis that the Law, through referred laws, may accompany social changes regarding the increasing number of divorces. The work was developed from the quantitative analysis of demographic data and comprehensive analysis of Brazilian law relating to divorce. The demographic data sources used were the Censuses of the years 1.980, 1.991, 2.000 e 2.010 and the data on marriages, legal separations and divorces from 1.984 to 2.011 of the Civil Registry Statistics obtained on IBGE's SIDRA system. Legal data sources, works of Family Law and literature on this subject in related areas were employed. From the analysis of the material collected notes that in Brazil, in the past four decades since the Divorce Law, the number of divorces tended to increase quite significantly, a phenomenon that indicates rapid changes in society. Noteworthy is the fact that every time there are changes in divorce legislation, their rates increase (in 2.011, the general divorce rate ¿ GDR ¿ reached the highest level ever since the start of the series of Civil Registry Statistics, in 1.984). However, the legal separation rates exhibit contrary behavior, significantly decreasing (general legal separation rate reached the series¿ lowest level in 2.011) / Mestrado / Demografia / Mestra em Demografia

M.A. (Clinical Psychology) / The primary aim of this study is to investigate the different subsystems involved in a child custody case. By identifying the various patterns of interaction within each subsystem this work attempts to provide the clinical psychologist with a condensed frame of reference for the role of expert witness in cases of this nature. The study focuses therefore on the legal system in South Africa, the family system in the process of divorce as well as models of assessment used by practicing psychologists when giving expert testimony. In investigating the legal system, the study starts off by highlighting the premises from which the law derives its findings - in both constituted laws and judicial precedents. The best interests of the child as overriding standard is traced through various laws and judicial findings. The study then turns to the latest developments following the promulgation of the Mediation in Certain Divorce Matters Act no 24 of 1987. The hesitancy and doubts that prevail among practitioners of the law concerning this Act are noted. the study initially looks at divorce, then moves on to the the children subsystem.

This short dissertation briefly examines the English law statutory provisions and the English judicial approach relating to the clean break principle. A comparison between English law and South African law (in particular s 7 of the Divorce Act 70 of 1979) shows the latter to allow the application of the clean break principle, but rigidity in the legislative wording and further rigidity in the wording by the courts result in the clean break principle not being a dominant feature of South African divorce law. A detailed analysis of South African case law follows in which the fundamental issues relative to the clean break principle are examined, namely the one third rule, universal partnership, misconduct and its effect on court orders, the nature of a contribution and what property is distributed on divorce. Trends in maintenance orders are looked at and how these affect the clean break principle, in particular rehabilitative maintenance and token maintenance wards. / Law / LL.M.

Divorce and the Politics of the American Social Welfare Regime, 1969-2001 asks how rising divorce rates shaped the laws governing the American social welfare regime between 1969, when California passed the nation’s first no-fault divorce law, and 2001. Scholars have shown that in the early 20th century the American social welfare regime developed to distribute economic resources, such as Social Security, to women through their husbands. Between 1967 and 1979, however, the United States’ divorce rate doubled. This dissertation investigates how this sudden challenge to the breadwinner-homemaker family structure affected the gendered welfare regime. Divorce and the Politics of the American Social Welfare Regime examines how women organized to gain access to lost economic resources after divorce and how policymakers responded to their demands. It reveals important and forgotten components of the histories of welfare state development, the feminist movement of the 1970s, and marriage law. It argues that, ironically, rising divorce rates led to a series of federal laws that actually strengthened the social welfare system’s use of marriage to determine eligiblity for benefits. These new laws specifically rewarded intact marriages by providing more robust benefits to women in longer marriages. In a political world increasingly concerned with the impermenance of marriage, Congress created a legal system that signaled that marriage was about length of commitment above all else.

This short dissertation briefly examines the English law statutory provisions and the English judicial approach relating to the clean break principle. A comparison between English law and South African law (in particular s 7 of the Divorce Act 70 of 1979) shows the latter to allow the application of the clean break principle, but rigidity in the legislative wording and further rigidity in the wording by the courts result in the clean break principle not being a dominant feature of South African divorce law. A detailed analysis of South African case law follows in which the fundamental issues relative to the clean break principle are examined, namely the one third rule, universal partnership, misconduct and its effect on court orders, the nature of a contribution and what property is distributed on divorce. Trends in maintenance orders are looked at and how these affect the clean break principle, in particular rehabilitative maintenance and token maintenance wards. / Law / LL.M.

Text in Afrikaans, abstract in Afrikaans and English / Hierdie studie handel oor die ontwikkeling van die "clean break"-beginsel met verwysing na die posisie daarvan in vergelykbare regstelsels. Dit toon aan hoedat maatskaplike omstandighede die samelewing se siening van die huwelik be"invloed het. Die hedendaagse samelewing is ten gunste van 'n "clean break" na egskeiding, sonder 'n voortdurende onderhoudsverpligting. Hierdie neiging beinvloed die finansiele posisie · van gades na egskeiding nadelig. Dit is 'n feit wat ook in regskringe al hoe meer erkenning geniet en daartoe aanleiding gegee het dat voortdurend gedebatteer word oor wyses waarop die finansiele posisie van vroue na egskeiding verbeter kan word. Daar word tot die gevolgtrekking gekom dat die siening van substansiele gelykheid 'n invloed behoort te he op die finansiele posisie van gades na egskeiding. Gesien teen die agtergrond van die fundamentele menseregte handves is 'n bemoeienis van regswee inderdaad geregverdig. / This study traces the development of the "clean break" principle as it has developed in comparable legal systems. It shows that changed socio-economic conditions influenced society's view of marriage. Modern society tends to follow a "clean break" after divorce, with no continuing maintenance obligations. This trend tends to influence the financial position of single parent families after divorce negatively. This fact has been recognised in legal circles and has led to a continuing debate on ways to improve the financial position of women after divorce. My study concludes that substantial equality as seen from a fundamental human rights position point of view, justifies legal involvement with regard to the financial position of spouses after divorce. / Private Law / LL. M.