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The most volatile area of contention in the discourse between a pure secularized world and the Church in contemporary times is located in the area of sexuality, marriage and family life. Modernist and liberal post enlightenment culture accuse the Church to be unchanging, and unreflective of modern ‘personal’ choices in the contested areas of human sexuality. Within the Church, there are voices also who call for ‘developments’ in such areas of doctrine. For over forty years, these conversation has taken on many shades of grey coming to a head with questions of discordancy and same sex unions among other pressing and related issues.<br> This dissertation aims to contribute to the ongoing conversation by attempting to clarify the foundational understanding of what constitutes the possibility of a development in doctrine or the lack of it. There are five chapters of this work devoted to this endeavor. In chapter one the encyclical tradition of a hundred years timeline, focused on questions of sexuality and family life are reviewed to establish a historical development in the magisterial position of the Church. Chapter two is devoted to John Paul II's Theology of the Body which is set up as the frame work upon which this project argues for what is perhaps the current magisterial position on the topic under discussion. In chapter three, a review is undertaken to explore questions about the natural law which forms a bedrock of Catholic argument in its moral theology and for cases of personal sexual ethics. A historical analysis is employed to see how the theory itself has evolved from its ancient origins, into scholasticism, and how it has been used in political jurisprudence. More importantly to its reemergence within the last century as the new natural law theory which seeks to establish the same argument purely from a philosophical aspect and without a theistic foundation. <br> Four theological voices are engaged in chapter four to try and locate what broadly contemporary and wider theological contexts have to say from an anthropological, feminist, and cultural context. In chapter five, the idea of development of doctrine is reviewed. The questions of discordancy and same sex unions are used as theoretical frame work to presenting how development in doctrine has the possibility of a shift or the impossibility their off. A hypothetical idea is borrowed from liturgical theology, using the idea of ‘matter’ and ‘form’ to explain essentials of Christian doctrine (also known as dogma) which remains unchanging as defined position. And the accidental aspects of Christian doctrine which is open to re-interpretation in the light of new cultures and new questions. The entire notion of doctrine rests on ‘Christian tradition’, therefore a question of tradition, and what is being traditioned across time is explored to clarify the process necessary for proper understanding of development. In conclusion, some pastoral recommendations are made based on current papal and magisterial documents as possible means of approaching newer questions raised by a secularized and post enlightenment world. / McAnulty College and Graduate School of Liberal Arts; / Theology / PhD; / Dissertation;

In this thesis, I present examples of non-adherence to Just War Doctrine and challenge whether the theory ought to be adhered to at all. My research is based on nation to nation and nation to international actor wars and addresses all three tenets of the Just War Doctrine: Jus in bello, Jus ad bellum and Jus pos bello. My writings suggest that since Just War Theory has not been adhered to in entirety within the last 100 years, standing by the theory may, in itself, be irrelevant. This theory was created to make addressing, committing and ending war the gravest of all man's acts, so severe in nature that there is no room for error. In fact, during the research of this thesis, a war that was fought justly according to tradition was not found. And, because Just War Doctrine decreed that in order for a war to exist justly, all tenets must be followed, this thesis has provided considerable evidence that for the last 100 years Just War Doctrine has not been adhered to and with the changing dimensions of warfare by terrorists, state and rogue actors, and increased interconnectedness through Globalization, Just War may never be relevant as it was in the early years of establishment. / US Air Force (USAF) author.

Throughout American history, policymakers have struggled with the use of American military power. The Limited War argument holds that the use of force needs to remain an option to support American diplomacy. The Never Again argument, meanwhile, holds that the use of American military power should be undertaken only in the face of threats against vital national interests. The most influential Never Again argument has been the 1984 Weinberger Doctrine, later expanded to the Weinberger-Powell Doctrine, which sought to limit the use of American military power. After the Vietnam War and the 1983 Marine barracks bombing, the Weinberger-Powell Doctrine was ascendant over Limited War arguments like Secretary of State George Schultz's case in favor of the limited use of American military force against targets of less than vital interest. Between the 1991 Gulf War and the 2002 Invasion of Iraq, however, the Weinberger-Powell Doctrine lost much of its influence with American policymakers. This thesis will establish a link between the loss of influence by the Weinberger-Powell Doctrine and the rise in the utility of force based on improvements in military technology and doctrines, leading to a broadening of policy objectives that would not have been possible during the Cold War. / US Army (USA) author.

The “release” of new technology to users often finds those users developing their own ways of using the technology – ones that the creators of the technology never envisioned. This process is required in technologies where the creators are so focused on the technical difficulties of how to do something that they devote little thought to why someone might want to do it or, in other words, how the new technology will be used. The airplane is one such technology. Its inventors, Orville and Wilbur Wright, gave little thought to how their technology might be used until it came time to try to sell it to someone. Even then, their proposed military applications for the airplane were vague. While the US military did buy their invention, it required much thought and experience with the new technology before a clear doctrine could emerge governing its use. Today, aviation is a vital part of the United States military forces. The United States Army, Navy, Marine Corps, and Air Force each use aviation in a variety of forms, serving a variety of purposes. This dissertation explores the genesis of aviation doctrine within three services (the Air Force did not exist until 1947) from the Army’s first purchase of an airplane in 1909 through the efforts in the 1920s to synthesize pre-WWI theories on the “best use” of aviation with the wartime experiences of each service and the transfer of doctrine from US allies during the war. Drawing on Actor-Network Theory, this dissertation attempts to follow the individuals, organizations, and specific artifacts that influenced the development of each service’s aviation doctrine into the post- WWI era.

Recent analyses of the relationship between Calvin and Reformed theology argue that post-Reformation Reformed theologians distorted the John Calvin's doctrine of predestination. Scholars argue that it was scholasticism and rationalism that turned Calvin's biblical doctrine of predestination into an arid metaphysical system of decrees. This thesis argues contra the modern critics that post-Reformation Reformed theologians did not distort Calvin's doctrine of predestination but rather modified it. The thesis accomplishes this by comparing the lapsarian views of Calvin, the Synod of Dort, and the Westminster Confession of Faith. The thesis demonstrates that Calvin was a supralapsarian and that Dort and Westminster are infralapsarian.

Thesis advisor: Stephen F. Brown / Pierre d'Ailly and the Development of Late Medieval Trinitarian Theology: (with an edition of <italic>Quaestiones super primum Sententiarum</italic>, qq. 4-8, 10) By: John T. Slotemaker Advisor: Stephen F. Brown The present dissertation analyzes several periods in the development of late medieval trinitarian theology. The work is divided into two volumes. Volume I contains three parts of two chapters each: (1) the first part treats the trinitarian theology of Thomas Aquinas (ch. 1) and John Duns Scotus (ch. 2); (2) the second part treats the trinitarian theology of William of Ockham (ch. 3) and Walter Chatton, Adam Wodeham and Robert Holcot (ch. 4); (3) the third part treats the trinitarian theology of Gregory of Rimini (ch. 5) and Pierre d'Ailly (ch. 6). Volume II contains five appendices, including: a transcription of the tabula quaestionum for Peter d'Ailly's, Peter Gracilis's and James of Eltville's (i.e., the `<italic>Lectura Eberbacensis</italic>') respective commentaries on the Sentences; and an edition of Pierre d'Ailly's <italic>Quaestiones super libros Sententiarum</italic>I, qq. 4-8 and 10. Part I of the dissertation considers Thomas Aquinas and John Duns Scotus, arguing that this period of Parisian trinitarian theology is characterized by the heated debates concerning opposed and disparate relations. Thus, the role and primacy of the divine processions and/or the divine relations in articulating the distinction of persons is considered. As such, the argument developed throughout part I is consistent with the broader treatments of Michael Schmaus and Russell L. Friedman. Part II of the dissertation considers the trinitarian theology of four Oxford theologians: William of Ockham, Walter Chatton, Adam Wodeham and Robert Holcot. The first chapter analyzes the methodological approach of William of Ockham, considering in detail the influence of his analytic and linguistic method of theological analysis on the development of trinitarian theology. It is argued that Ockham is not primarily concerned with the previous debate over opposed or disparate relations, and that a shift in trinitarian theology is introduced with Ockham. Again, following Friedman, it is argued that because of Ockham's epistemological and linguistic approach to theological questions, he inaugurates a "search for simplicity"--to use Friedman's language--that characterizes the Oxford theologians. The second chapter of Part II examines the influence of Ockham on the subsequent developments in Oxford trinitarian theology. It is argued that in thinkers as diverse as Walter Chatton and Adam Wodeham, the influence of Ockham's theological method and approach to trinitarian questions is evident. The Venerable Inceptor, it is argued, shaped the discourse of subsequent Oxford theology. Part III of the dissertation returns to Paris, examining the theology of Gregory of Rimini and Pierre d'Ailly. In the first chapter, it is argued that Rimini follows closely the theological method of Ockham, with a renewed interest in articulating his theological positions in dialogue with Augustine of Hippo. This historical approach, it is argued, is grounded in Rimini's deductive theological method and its reliance on Scripture and the Fathers of the Church. Further, it is argued that Rimini clearly follows the previous Oxford theologians "search for simplicity", in particular the developments found in Walter Chatton and Robert Holcot. Finally, the second chapter of Part III considers the trinitarian thought of Pierre d'Ailly. It is argued that d'Ailly follows closely the theology of Ockham, but with a renewed interest (post Gregory) in articulating Ockham's positions in dialogue with Augustine. D'Ailly borrows methodologically from both Ockham (emphasis on language, etc.) and Rimini (emphasis on a deductive method and Scripture), although he will also return the basic theological arguments of Thomas Aquinas at points. Pierre d'Ailly is a harsh critic of Gregory and any trinitarian minimalism; in that regard he follows more closely the moderate path set by Ockham and Wodeham. Volume II of the dissertation includes an introduction to the manuscripts, incunabula and early printed editions of Pierre d'Ailly's <italic>Quaestiones super libros Sententiarum</italic> (Appendix A). Here the relevant manuscripts are discussed, and the reasons for basing the edition on Paris, Bibl. Mazarine, ms. 934, ff. 1-152 and Paris, Bibl. Mazarine, ms. 935, ff. 1-196 are defended. This is followed by Appendices B-D, treating the <italic>tabula quaestionum </italic>of book I of the commentaries on the <italic>Sentences </italic>by Pierre d'Ailly, Peter Gracilis (Royal, ms. 10A1) and James of Eltville (Clm, ms. 11591; i.e., the `<italic>Lectura Eberbacensis</italic>'). Finally, Appendix E contains a transcription and collation of Pierre d'Ailly's <italic>Quaestiones super libros Sententiarum </italic>I, qq. 4-8 and 10. The edition is based on Mazarine 934 and 935. The tables of questions are presented to allow some comparison of the structure of d'Ailly's commentary with those of his contemporaries. The edition of d'Ailly's texts is the first complete (i.e., presenting an entire <italic>quaestio </italic>or more) transcription of any of the questions in consideration, and is based on the two best manuscripts. / Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2012. / Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences. / Discipline: Theology.

Thesis (Th. M.)--Dallas Theological Seminary, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves [61-65]).

<p>I denna uppsats prövas orsakssambandet mellan USA:s militärstrategiska kultur och dess armédoktrin <em>FM 1 </em><em>(Field Manual 1)</em>. Syftet är att påvisa i vilken grad som den militärstrategiska kulturen påverkat utformningen av doktrinen och om detta element kan sägas utgöra en självklar grund till doktrinens kontext. I uppsatsen förklaras den strategiska kulturens innebörd, bland annat utifrån Colin S. Grays tes. Denna tes utgör sedermera uppsatsens teoriansats. Utifrån teorin skapas indikatorer för att genom en kvalitativ textanalys avgöra graden av överensstämmelse mellan den strategiska kulturen och doktrinen. Studiens resultat visar att USA:s armédoktrin endast har viss grad av överensstämmelse med dess militärstrategiska kultur. Detta beror bland annat på att armén anpassats efter rådande hotbild i mycket hög takt, efter terrorattentaten mot World Trade Center den elfte september 2001.</p> / <p>This thesis examines the causal relationship between the U.S. military's strategic culture and its Army doctrine <em>FM 1 (Field Manual 1)</em>. The aim is to demonstrate the degree to which the military strategic culture influenced the development of the doctrine and whether this element can be said to constitute a natural basis for a doctrine context. The paper explains the significance of strategic culture, in particular from Colin S. Gray's theory. This theory is later used as the essay theory approach. Based on the theory, indicators will be created and used for a qualitative text analysis, in order to determine the degree of correlation between strategic culture and the doctrine. Study findings show that U.S. Army doctrine only has a certain degree of compliance with its military strategic culture and that this in particular depends on the army’s very high rate of adaptation to current threats, after the terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center on September 11th 2001.</p>

I denna uppsats prövas orsakssambandet mellan USA:s militärstrategiska kultur och dess armédoktrin FM 1 (Field Manual 1). Syftet är att påvisa i vilken grad som den militärstrategiska kulturen påverkat utformningen av doktrinen och om detta element kan sägas utgöra en självklar grund till doktrinens kontext. I uppsatsen förklaras den strategiska kulturens innebörd, bland annat utifrån Colin S. Grays tes. Denna tes utgör sedermera uppsatsens teoriansats. Utifrån teorin skapas indikatorer för att genom en kvalitativ textanalys avgöra graden av överensstämmelse mellan den strategiska kulturen och doktrinen. Studiens resultat visar att USA:s armédoktrin endast har viss grad av överensstämmelse med dess militärstrategiska kultur. Detta beror bland annat på att armén anpassats efter rådande hotbild i mycket hög takt, efter terrorattentaten mot World Trade Center den elfte september 2001. / This thesis examines the causal relationship between the U.S. military's strategic culture and its Army doctrine FM 1 (Field Manual 1). The aim is to demonstrate the degree to which the military strategic culture influenced the development of the doctrine and whether this element can be said to constitute a natural basis for a doctrine context. The paper explains the significance of strategic culture, in particular from Colin S. Gray's theory. This theory is later used as the essay theory approach. Based on the theory, indicators will be created and used for a qualitative text analysis, in order to determine the degree of correlation between strategic culture and the doctrine. Study findings show that U.S. Army doctrine only has a certain degree of compliance with its military strategic culture and that this in particular depends on the army’s very high rate of adaptation to current threats, after the terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center on September 11th 2001.