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Submitted by Socorro Pontes (socorrop@ufersa.edu.br) on 2017-08-04T11:52:53Z No. of bitstreams: 1 VanessaKNC_DISSERT.pdf: 1380444 bytes, checksum: 398c0494a9176b2987e49f440e68afbe (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-04T11:52:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 VanessaKNC_DISSERT.pdf: 1380444 bytes, checksum: 398c0494a9176b2987e49f440e68afbe (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-20 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Companion animals grow geometrically and the lack of proper control favors the increase of these animals in the streets. Neutering is an important alternative for controlling the populations of dogs and cats, contributing to the reduction of abandoned animals, zoonoses, ill-treatment and many diseases with society. However, there is a reluctance of many of the tutors of these animals to castrate them, since they associate sterilization with something negative, such as the emergence of behaviors considered as unwanted. Therefore, the present study aimed to make an analysis of the perception of the population on the behavioral changes of companion animals after the surgical sterilization procedure. The work was carried out on companion animals from the rural communities of Mossoró / RN. A survey of the number of animals from each community was carried out. At the time, a questionnaire was applied and the animals were registered, followed by castration by Surgical sterilization in those animals in which the tutors accepted. After 6 (six) months the questionnaires were reapplied. Through the data obtained with the reapplication of the questionnaires we obtained that the number of sociable dogs changed from 73.30% to 68.10%, whereas the cats were from 80.80% to 72.90%; 53.9% of the dogs had a habit of leaving home, later this value increased to 56, 8%, however the cats changed from 73.9% to 58.9%; 90.5% of the dogs were considered active, at reapplication this value changed to 89.9%, the cats initially presented a percentage of 84.3% and changed to 83.8%. 26.4% of the dogs had a habit of urinating in the corners or in the surroundings of the house, but this value changed to 22.90%, already of the 40% of felines that had this characteristic, only 14.3% maintained it. As for the habit of destroying objects, 31.6% of the dogs had this behavior, but after castration only 12.5% remained with it, for this characteristic cats changed from 22.20% to 6.25%. 20% of the dogs showed aggression, but this percentage changed to 10.8%, while 20% of the dogs were aggressive and only 12.1% continued. We can conclude tutors from the rural communities of Mossoró / RN are formed by a majority of low income financial farmers, who noticed changes in the behavior of dogs and cats, also observing a reduction in the number of cats present in the streets, but did not notice a change in the environmental conditions / Os animais de companhia crescem de forma geométrica e a falta de um controle adequado favorece o aumento desses animais nas ruas. A esterilização cirúrgica é uma alternativa importante e para o controle das populações de cães e gatos, contribuindo para a redução dos animais abandonados, as zoonoses, os maus tratos e muitos agravos com a sociedade. No entanto, existe uma relutância de muitos dos tutores desses animais em castrá-los, pois associam a esterilização a algo negativo, como o surgimento de comportamentos tidos como indesejados. Portanto, o presente trabalho objetivou fazer uma análise da percepção da população sobre as alterações comportamentais dos animais de companhia após o procedimento cirúrgico de esterilização. O trabalho foi realizado em animais de companhia das comunidades rurais de Mossoró/RN, para isso foi feito um levantamento do número de animais de cada comunidade, na ocasião houve a aplicação de um questionário e o cadastramento destes animais, em seguida realizado a castração por esterilização cirúrgica, naqueles animais em que os tutores aceitaram. Após 6(seis) meses os questionários foram reaplicados. Através dos dados obtidos com a reaplicação dos questionários obtivemos que o número de cães sociáveis mudaram de 73,30% para 68,10%, enquanto que os gatos foram de 80,80% para 72,90%; 53,9% dos cães tinham hábito de sair de casa, posteriormente esse valor aumentou para 56,8%, no entanto os gatos mudaram de 73,9% para 58,9%; 90,5% dos cães eram considerados ativos, na reaplicação esse valor mudou para 89,9%,os gatos, inicialmente apresentavam uma porcentagem de 84,3% e mudou para 83,8%. 26,4% dos cães tinham hábito de urinar nos cantos ou aos arredores da casa, mas esse valor mudou para 22,90%, já dos 40% de felinos que tinham essa característica, apenas 14,3% o mantiveram. Quanto ao habito de destruir objetos, 31,6% dos cães tinham esse comportamento, mas após a castração apenas 12,5% permaneceram com ele, para esta característica os gatos mudaram de 22,20% para 6,25%. 20% dos cães se demonstraram agressivos, mas esse percentual mudou para 10,8%, enquanto que dos 20% dos felinos eram agressivos e apenas 12,1% continuaram. Podemos concluir os tutores das comunidades rurais de Mossoró/RN são formados por uma maioria de agricultores de baixa renda financeira, que notaram mudanças no comportamento dos cães e gatos, observando também uma redução no número de gatos presentes nas ruas, mas não notaram mudança das condições ambientais / 2017-07-28

The objective of this graduation thesis was making a review of the most occurrenced ectoparasitic diseases and note the efectivity of medical preparation in the most risk groups. From February 2005 to December 2007 there was an observation of individuals apperance specialized in ectoparasitic diseases of miscellaneous origin in the Veterinary Clinic Vltava, which is interested in illnesses of small animals. This observation comprehended usually home breeded animals only. Total of checkuped animals was 6468 individuals. From that in category of race dogs acknowledged by FCI was on record 54 what counted 4702 individuals. Other animals numbering 1756 we have included in category of cats with acknowledged origin and European kind of cats without any origin. There was marginally treated with attendance of ectoparasits 5 rabbits and 5 guinea pigs. Between the most frequently medicaly groups the Yorkshire terriers 603 times belonged, hybrids untill the 10 kg of weight 525 times and Retrievers 512 times. Their age interface was different, what responding to their social popularity. At other individuals was the most recorded counts of parasitosis of European cats without any acknowledged origin 1402 times, mostly wild. Thanks to observation it we were able to analyze risky groups and their scalable treatment. The most frequently ectoparasits belouged for cats european kind Otodectes cynotis , numering about 869 pcs, for yorkshire terriers fleas numering about 295pcs and hubrid dogs up to 10kg fleas numering about. The next freguency occurrence of fleas and ticks we notea by the golden retriever. In spite of the komplex attitude in struggle with ectoparasits has beed prefered, by far not the owners proceeded by the advises of the veterinary. So that all precuation can be successfull in the long term, the owners would have to start to solve the problem with wild cats in their surroundings. This cats forms the most usually treated individuals and continually they contaminate their vicinage with ectoparasits with their contact way of life. In 10 disobedience cases the disease expanded not only to the other individuals in animal breeding but to the owner himself. So the necessity of prevention and through medication had been confirmed so that posibility of dangerous disease transmision would be eliminated.

Based on two surveys, the thesis focuses on the prevalence of filarial parasites of domestic carnivores in Gauteng, KwaZulu-Natal and Mpumalanga provinces in South Africa and Maputo province of Mozambique. This is complemented by diagnostic results of routine examinations for filarial infections of dogs and cats from South Africa obtained between 1994 and 2008. Blood samples were collected and initially screened by membrane filtration for microfilariae. Other techniques employed were acid phosphatase staining for the identification of microfilariae and a commercial enzymelinked immunosorbent assay for the detection of heartworm antigen. Combined with a critical literature review on filariosis of domestic carnivores in Africa, which is updated by diagnostic results obtained from animals in Africa between 1992 and 2008, the topic is addressed for the first time ever from a continental perspective. In the South African provinces and Maputo province of Mozambique 196 of 1 379 dogs (14.21 %) were found positive for microfilariae. The species identified were Dirofilaria immitis, Dirofilaria repens, Acanthocheilonema reconditum and Acanthocheilonema dracunculoides. The endemic status of D. immitis was confirmed in 2 out of 313 dogs from Maputo province but not in the South African provinces. Infection with D. repens was found in 70 dogs (5.08 %). The highest prevalence rate was recorded in KwaZulu-Natal with 12.47 % (52/417), followed by Maputo Province with 3.83 % (12/313) and Mpumalanga with 1.5 % (5/333). Routine examinations have also confirmed autochthonous infections with D. repens in Gauteng and North West provinces. Acanthocheilonema reconditum was the species with the highest overall prevalence of 8.85 % (122/1 379). The highest prevalence rate was recorded in Mpumalanga with 29.13 % (97/333) followed by Maputo province with 6.39 % (20/313) and KwaZulu-Natal with 1.2 % (5/417). Routine examinations have also confirmed autochthonous infections in Gauteng, North West and Western Cape provinces. Acanthocheilonema dracunculoides was the species with the lowest overall prevalence of 0.07 % (1/1 379) and was only recorded in 1 dog from Maputo Province. In KwaZulu-Natal 9 of 82 cats (10.98 %) were found positive for microfilariae, with D. repens as the only species involved. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2009. / Veterinary Tropical Diseases / unrestricted

Procurou-se avaliar os fatores que contribuíram para o abandono ou guarda responsável de cães e gatos no bairro Vargem Grande no município de São Paulo/SP, entre 2005 e 2008. Foi constatado que fatores como idade e porte dos animais, preocupação com a saúde, a permissão para o animal permanecer dentro do domicílio e a aquisição de outro animal nos últimos 12 meses foram associados ao abandono de cães. A quantidade de gatos estudados não permitiu uma avaliação confiável dos fatores. Estes dados podem ser utilizados no momento da compra ou adoção de um animal, prevenindo um futuro abandono. / The aim of the study was to evaluate the contributing factors to the abandonment or responsible ownership of dogs and cats in the district of Vargem Grande, in São Paulo city, between 2005 and 2008. Factors such as age and animal size, health concerns, allowing the animal to remain inside the residence and the purchase of another animal in the last 12 months were associated to the abandonment of dogs. The number of cats did not allow a reliable assessment of these factors. These data can be used when purchasing or adopting an animal, preventing a future abandonment.

Este estudo integrou sistemas de informação geográfica e métodos analíticos geoespaciais baseados em modelos de acessibilidade espacial e de locação-alocação com o objetivo de aprimorar o planejamento espacial de diferentes programas de saúde pública em áreas urbanas. Para estimar a acessibilidade espacial foi desenvolvido o modelo de três passos de área de influência flutuante (E3SFCA - Enhancement three-step floating catchment área) baseado em uma função Gaussiana, considerando um coeficiente de atrito e distâncias ao longo de uma rede de transporte, utilizando o algoritmo de Dijkstra. A metodologia foi aplicada e validada usando os programas de vacinação contra a raiva e de esterilização para cães e gatos da cidade de Bogotá, Colômbia. A escolha do método de cálculo da distância resolveu o problema de superestimação associado com a metodologia clássica que aplica zonas buffer em torno dos locais de serviço baseado em uma distância Euclideana. Em geral, não se encontrou uma adequada acessibilidade espacial aos dois programas. As zonas norte, central e periférica da cidade revelaram baixa ou nula acessibilidade aos serviços. Para determinar a alocação e realocação efetiva dos programas foram utilizados os problemas de máxima cobertura com demanda finita e de p-mediana ou de mínima impedância. A realocação proposta pelo modelo de máxima cobertura forneceu uma melhor distribuição dos serviços nas áreas mais povoadas com cães e gatos e garantiu uma acessibilidade espacial potencial a estes programas. O desenvolvimento deste trabalho pode trazer benefícios diretos para a sociedade em geral auxiliando no planejamento estratégico e melhorando a efetividade das ações públicas em áreas urbanas da América Latina. / This study integrated geographic information systems and geospatial analytical methods based on spatial accessibility and location-allocation models in order to improve the spatial planning of different public health programs in urban areas. To estimate the spatial accessibility, a Gaussian-based three-step oating catchment area (E3SFCA) method was developed, including a friction coeffcient and using distances along a street network based on Dijkstra\'s algorithm. The methodology was applied and valiated using the rabies vaccination and sterilization programs for dogs and cats in the city of Bogotá, Colombia. The choice of the distance calculation method solve the overestimation associated with the classic methodology that applies buffer zones around vaccination sites based on Euclidean (straight-line) distance. In general it was not observed an adequate spatial accessibility to both programs. The zones north, central and peripheral of the city revealed low or no access to services. To determine the effective allocation or reallocation of these programs the maximum coverage with finite demand and the p-median or minimum impedance problems were used. The relocation proposed by the maximum coverage model provided a better distribution of the services in the most populated areas and proportioned a potential spatial accessibility to these programs. The development of this work can provide direct benefits to society assisting in the strategic planning and improving the effectiveness of public policies in urban areas of Latin America.

Procurou-se avaliar os fatores que contribuíram para o abandono ou guarda responsável de cães e gatos no bairro Vargem Grande no município de São Paulo/SP, entre 2005 e 2008. Foi constatado que fatores como idade e porte dos animais, preocupação com a saúde, a permissão para o animal permanecer dentro do domicílio e a aquisição de outro animal nos últimos 12 meses foram associados ao abandono de cães. A quantidade de gatos estudados não permitiu uma avaliação confiável dos fatores. Estes dados podem ser utilizados no momento da compra ou adoção de um animal, prevenindo um futuro abandono. / The aim of the study was to evaluate the contributing factors to the abandonment or responsible ownership of dogs and cats in the district of Vargem Grande, in São Paulo city, between 2005 and 2008. Factors such as age and animal size, health concerns, allowing the animal to remain inside the residence and the purchase of another animal in the last 12 months were associated to the abandonment of dogs. The number of cats did not allow a reliable assessment of these factors. These data can be used when purchasing or adopting an animal, preventing a future abandonment.

Este estudo integrou sistemas de informação geográfica e métodos analíticos geoespaciais baseados em modelos de acessibilidade espacial e de locação-alocação com o objetivo de aprimorar o planejamento espacial de diferentes programas de saúde pública em áreas urbanas. Para estimar a acessibilidade espacial foi desenvolvido o modelo de três passos de área de influência flutuante (E3SFCA - Enhancement three-step floating catchment área) baseado em uma função Gaussiana, considerando um coeficiente de atrito e distâncias ao longo de uma rede de transporte, utilizando o algoritmo de Dijkstra. A metodologia foi aplicada e validada usando os programas de vacinação contra a raiva e de esterilização para cães e gatos da cidade de Bogotá, Colômbia. A escolha do método de cálculo da distância resolveu o problema de superestimação associado com a metodologia clássica que aplica zonas buffer em torno dos locais de serviço baseado em uma distância Euclideana. Em geral, não se encontrou uma adequada acessibilidade espacial aos dois programas. As zonas norte, central e periférica da cidade revelaram baixa ou nula acessibilidade aos serviços. Para determinar a alocação e realocação efetiva dos programas foram utilizados os problemas de máxima cobertura com demanda finita e de p-mediana ou de mínima impedância. A realocação proposta pelo modelo de máxima cobertura forneceu uma melhor distribuição dos serviços nas áreas mais povoadas com cães e gatos e garantiu uma acessibilidade espacial potencial a estes programas. O desenvolvimento deste trabalho pode trazer benefícios diretos para a sociedade em geral auxiliando no planejamento estratégico e melhorando a efetividade das ações públicas em áreas urbanas da América Latina. / This study integrated geographic information systems and geospatial analytical methods based on spatial accessibility and location-allocation models in order to improve the spatial planning of different public health programs in urban areas. To estimate the spatial accessibility, a Gaussian-based three-step oating catchment area (E3SFCA) method was developed, including a friction coeffcient and using distances along a street network based on Dijkstra\'s algorithm. The methodology was applied and valiated using the rabies vaccination and sterilization programs for dogs and cats in the city of Bogotá, Colombia. The choice of the distance calculation method solve the overestimation associated with the classic methodology that applies buffer zones around vaccination sites based on Euclidean (straight-line) distance. In general it was not observed an adequate spatial accessibility to both programs. The zones north, central and peripheral of the city revealed low or no access to services. To determine the effective allocation or reallocation of these programs the maximum coverage with finite demand and the p-median or minimum impedance problems were used. The relocation proposed by the maximum coverage model provided a better distribution of the services in the most populated areas and proportioned a potential spatial accessibility to these programs. The development of this work can provide direct benefits to society assisting in the strategic planning and improving the effectiveness of public policies in urban areas of Latin America.

As ITU são as mais freqüentes infecções ocasionadas por ExPEC. Entre os fatores de virulência (FV) encontram-se nestas cepas adesinas, invasinas, toxinas, sideróforos, e evasinas, localizados em plasmídios ou ilhas de patogenecidade. O objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar 45 cepas de E. coli isoladas de 33 cães e 7 gatos com ITU, quanto aos sorotipos, FV e grupos filogenéticos. Dos sorogrupos relacionados às ITU foram encontrados O6 (20%), O2 (16%), O25 (4%), O4 e O11 (4% cada um). Entre os genes pesquisados, foram encontrados fimH (100%), pap (47%), sfa (33%) e iha (4%); ibeA (29%); cnf1 (31%), hlyA (27%); fyuA (80%), iucD (22%); traT (51%); cvaC (20%) e malX (67%). Os isolados felinos foram agrupados em B2 (89%) e D (11%), enquanto os caninos em A (5,5%), B1 (19,5%), B2 (55,5%) e D (19,5%). Estes resultados sugerem que as ExPEC isoladas de cães e gatos apresentam potencial patogênico para ocasionar doenças mais graves que as ITU, assim como ocorre em humanos. Além disso, a similitude com as amostras humanas reforça a hipótese acerca de seu potencial zoonótico. / The ability of ExPEC to cause extraintestinal infections in humans, dogs, and cats is associated with the expression of a variety of virulence factors (VF). The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of VF related to ExPEC, serotypes, and phylogenetic groups in 45 strains isolated from 33 dogs and 7 cats with UTI. These strains presented serogroups related with extraintestinal infections, e.g. O6 (20%), O2 (16%), O25 (4%), O4 e O11 (each one) and the following genes: fimH (100%), pap (47%), sfa (33%) e iha (4%); ibeA (29%); cnf1 (31%), hlyA (27%); fyuA (80%), iucD (22%); traT (51%); cvaC (20%) e malX (67%), cvaC (20%), and malX (67%). All feline strains were concentrated in B2 (89%) and D (11%) phylogenetic groups, whereas the canine ones were distributed in the four groups, A (5,5%), B1 (19,5%), B2 (55,5%) and D (19,5%). These findings suggesting that ExPEC isolated from dog and cat contain virulence markers to cause diseases, more severe than UTI, likewise in humans. Besides, these the close similarity between human and animal ExPEC supports the hypotesis of zoonotic potencial of them.

As ITU são as mais freqüentes infecções ocasionadas por ExPEC. Entre os fatores de virulência (FV) encontram-se nestas cepas adesinas, invasinas, toxinas, sideróforos, e evasinas, localizados em plasmídios ou ilhas de patogenecidade. O objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar 45 cepas de E. coli isoladas de 33 cães e 7 gatos com ITU, quanto aos sorotipos, FV e grupos filogenéticos. Dos sorogrupos relacionados às ITU foram encontrados O6 (20%), O2 (16%), O25 (4%), O4 e O11 (4% cada um). Entre os genes pesquisados, foram encontrados fimH (100%), pap (47%), sfa (33%) e iha (4%); ibeA (29%); cnf1 (31%), hlyA (27%); fyuA (80%), iucD (22%); traT (51%); cvaC (20%) e malX (67%). Os isolados felinos foram agrupados em B2 (89%) e D (11%), enquanto os caninos em A (5,5%), B1 (19,5%), B2 (55,5%) e D (19,5%). Estes resultados sugerem que as ExPEC isoladas de cães e gatos apresentam potencial patogênico para ocasionar doenças mais graves que as ITU, assim como ocorre em humanos. Além disso, a similitude com as amostras humanas reforça a hipótese acerca de seu potencial zoonótico. / The ability of ExPEC to cause extraintestinal infections in humans, dogs, and cats is associated with the expression of a variety of virulence factors (VF). The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of VF related to ExPEC, serotypes, and phylogenetic groups in 45 strains isolated from 33 dogs and 7 cats with UTI. These strains presented serogroups related with extraintestinal infections, e.g. O6 (20%), O2 (16%), O25 (4%), O4 e O11 (each one) and the following genes: fimH (100%), pap (47%), sfa (33%) e iha (4%); ibeA (29%); cnf1 (31%), hlyA (27%); fyuA (80%), iucD (22%); traT (51%); cvaC (20%) e malX (67%), cvaC (20%), and malX (67%). All feline strains were concentrated in B2 (89%) and D (11%) phylogenetic groups, whereas the canine ones were distributed in the four groups, A (5,5%), B1 (19,5%), B2 (55,5%) and D (19,5%). These findings suggesting that ExPEC isolated from dog and cat contain virulence markers to cause diseases, more severe than UTI, likewise in humans. Besides, these the close similarity between human and animal ExPEC supports the hypotesis of zoonotic potencial of them.