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Didėjantis mūsų gyvenimo tempas, dažniausiai nepalieka laiko poilsiui, bendravimui su artimaisiais, laikas tampa deficitu. Visi priversti skubėti, todėl vis labiau populiaresni tampa dizaino sprendimai, padedantys taupyti brangų laiką, sudarantys galimybę produkto vartotojui pačiam tapti kūrėju formuojant aplinką. Tai paskatino sukurti universalų baldą, lengvai transformuojamą. Šis kūrinys tarnaus ne tik kaip baldas poilsiui, atsipalaidavimui, bet atliks ir žaidybiškumo funkciją, lavins loginį mastymą ir vaizduotę. Bakalauro darbo pavadinimas „ DOMINO“. Tai modulinis transformuojamas baldas, kuris susideda iš 17 dalių. Pagrindas – lagamino formos dėžė, kuri gali transformuotis į minkštasuolį, staliuką su 16 minkštų odinių pagalvėlių, tinkantį laisvalaikio praleidimui, poilsiui, arba tarnauti kaip žaidybinė priemonė. Šį modulinį baldą lengvai galima transformuoti į lagaminą, tai sudarys galimybę jį patogiai transportuoti, panaudoti išvykose, ar poilsiaujant. Šis baldas puikiai tiks tiek mažose tiek didesnėse erdvėse, ar gamtoje. Spalvins komplekto sprendimas juodojo šokolado ir dramblio kaulo spalvos oda, tokį sprendimą lėmė tai, kad šios spalvos tradiciškai naudojamos šiame žaidime, tarpusavyje dera, nėra reiklios, todėl lengvai įsikomponuoja į aplinką, yra raminančios. Šis baldas puikiai tiks ir paaugliams ir suaugusiems. / The increasing pace of our lives often leaves no time to relax and communicate with our family and friends and time becomes a deficit. Therefore we can see increasing popularity of  design solutions that help to save valuable time, allowing the user to become himself a product designer in shaping his own environment. This led to the creation of universal furniture which is easily transformed. This creation will serve not only as a piece of furniture for relaxation but will have fuctions of entertaintment and will develop his owner's logical thinking and imagination. The title of this Bachelor's work is "Domino". The object of this work is a transformed modular furniture, which consists of 17 parts. The base of this furniture is suitcase which could be transformed into an armchair and a table with 16 upholstered leather pads, suitable for leisure, relaxation, or serve as a playful tool. This modular furniture could be easily transformed back to the suitcase, this fuction will be convenient to transport it and use during travels. This piece of furniture will suit both for small and large spaces as well as outdoors. Decision for the colour of the furniture was taken in regard of colours traditionally used in the game. Furthermore colours match each other and has calming features, also such combination of the colours is not demanding, so it could be easily integrated to environment. This furniture will be good for both adults and juveniles.

Asymmetric conjugate addition of bis(pinacolato)diboron followed by aldol cyclisation of enone diones under the action of a chiral copper catalyst has been developed. This enantioselective process, using a chiral bisphosphine as ligand, allows the formation of bicyclic alcohols with four contiguous stereocentres in high diastero- and enantioselectivity. This catalytic system has been applied to the parallel kinetic resolution of a racemic β- ketoamide. Further functionalization of the bicyclic alcohols synthesised was also possible. A domino addition of arylboronic acids and cyclisation of alkynones via an undescribed iridium 1-4-migration process has been developed. A range of tricyclic compounds using a variety of arylboronic acids have been synthesised in good yields and high diasteroselectivity. The use of chiral bisphosphine ligand together with an iridium salt allows the formation of enantioenriched compounds in moderate yield.

Since recognizing the significance of reversible oxidative addition of palladium into aryl halides in the synthesis of 2-bromo-indoles, the Lautens group has focused on unusual carbon-halogen reductive eliminations. These efforts led to the discovery of the novel palladium-catalyzed inter- and intramolecular carbohalogenation reaction – the formal addition of an sp2 carbon–iodide bond across an alkene. One current research direction is utilizing a range of aryl halides and pseudohalides as starting materials for carbohalogenation chemistry. This thesis describes complementary research, focusing on the expansion of functional group scope. Carbohalogenation has been developed to synthesize novel products including heteroaromatic compounds and 7-membered rings. Polyunsaturated aryl iodide substrates were investigated with the goal of performing domino carbohalogenation. Ultimately, the successful halogen exchange process was combined with domino carbohalogenation in an efficient halogen-exchange domino reaction. Additionally, preliminary studies on enantioselective carbohalogenation, and functionalization of the neopentyl iodide products are also discussed.

Since recognizing the significance of reversible oxidative addition of palladium into aryl halides in the synthesis of 2-bromo-indoles, the Lautens group has focused on unusual carbon-halogen reductive eliminations. These efforts led to the discovery of the novel palladium-catalyzed inter- and intramolecular carbohalogenation reaction – the formal addition of an sp2 carbon–iodide bond across an alkene. One current research direction is utilizing a range of aryl halides and pseudohalides as starting materials for carbohalogenation chemistry. This thesis describes complementary research, focusing on the expansion of functional group scope. Carbohalogenation has been developed to synthesize novel products including heteroaromatic compounds and 7-membered rings. Polyunsaturated aryl iodide substrates were investigated with the goal of performing domino carbohalogenation. Ultimately, the successful halogen exchange process was combined with domino carbohalogenation in an efficient halogen-exchange domino reaction. Additionally, preliminary studies on enantioselective carbohalogenation, and functionalization of the neopentyl iodide products are also discussed.

We have described two important classes of palladium-catalyzed reactions for the synthesis of heterocycles and carbocycles: tandem Pd-catalyzed reactions of gem-dibromoolefins and domino Pd-catalyzed reactions via an ortho C−H functionalization. Chapter 1 describes the tandem Pd-catalyzed reaction of gem-dibromoolefins via an intramolecular direct arylation and an intermolecular Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling. A number of aromatic carbocycles were synthesized by this method. Chapter 2 describes the tandem Pd-catalyzed reactions of β,β-dibromoenamides via an intramolecular C−O bond formation and an intermolecular Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling. Depending on the substituent on the nitrogen of β,β-dibromoenamides, either aromatic heterocycles or acyclic compounds can be synthesized. Chapter 3 and 4 describe the domino Pd-catalyzed reactions via an ortho C−H functionalization of aryl iodides. 2-Pyrrole substituted phenyl iodides were coupled with alkyl bromides in the presence of norbornene to provide aromatic tetracyclic compounds through three C−C bond formations (Chapter 3). However, the reaction between 2-methyl substituted phenyl iodides and the alkyl bromides in the presence of norbornene provided tetrasubstituted helical alkenes with the norbornene incorporated in the final product through four C−C bond formations (chapter 4). In Chapter 5, detailed mechanistic studies including kinetic and NMR studies were described for the regioselective C−H functionalization of 2-pyrrole substituted phenyl iodides. The studies provided advanced and important understanding of the mechanism, and a rationale for the high regioselectivity.

We have described two important classes of palladium-catalyzed reactions for the synthesis of heterocycles and carbocycles: tandem Pd-catalyzed reactions of gem-dibromoolefins and domino Pd-catalyzed reactions via an ortho C−H functionalization. Chapter 1 describes the tandem Pd-catalyzed reaction of gem-dibromoolefins via an intramolecular direct arylation and an intermolecular Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling. A number of aromatic carbocycles were synthesized by this method. Chapter 2 describes the tandem Pd-catalyzed reactions of β,β-dibromoenamides via an intramolecular C−O bond formation and an intermolecular Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling. Depending on the substituent on the nitrogen of β,β-dibromoenamides, either aromatic heterocycles or acyclic compounds can be synthesized. Chapter 3 and 4 describe the domino Pd-catalyzed reactions via an ortho C−H functionalization of aryl iodides. 2-Pyrrole substituted phenyl iodides were coupled with alkyl bromides in the presence of norbornene to provide aromatic tetracyclic compounds through three C−C bond formations (Chapter 3). However, the reaction between 2-methyl substituted phenyl iodides and the alkyl bromides in the presence of norbornene provided tetrasubstituted helical alkenes with the norbornene incorporated in the final product through four C−C bond formations (chapter 4). In Chapter 5, detailed mechanistic studies including kinetic and NMR studies were described for the regioselective C−H functionalization of 2-pyrrole substituted phenyl iodides. The studies provided advanced and important understanding of the mechanism, and a rationale for the high regioselectivity.

This work covers recent advances in the Stetter reaction, including two novel domino Stetter reactions and preliminary studies on quaternary center formation via the intermolecular Stetter reaction. The N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) catalyzed domino Stetter-aldol-Michael dimerization of o-formyl chalcone derivatives 36 affords spiro bis-indane homo-dimers 38 in good yields and moderate to high diastereomeric ratios. Three carbon-carbon bonds, including the hindered quaternary center at the spiro ring junction, form at a remarkable rate under mild reaction conditions. Spiro bis-indanes 39 are also produced in moderate to good yields through the Stetter-aldol-aldol reactions of o-formyl chalcones 36 with phthalaldehyde derivatives 27. The scope, limitations, and potential applications of these remarkable complexity-generating domino reactions are discussed. Preliminary results in the formation of quaternary centers via the intermolecular Stetter reaction are also disclosed. The viability of β,β-disubstitued Meldrum’s acid, diethyl malonate, and malononitrile alkylidenes as well as diphenylcyclopropenone and 3-phenylcyclobutenone as acceptors in the Stetter reaction are discussed.

This thesis is a dissertation to support the development of new domino pericyclic oxy-Cope/ene/Claisen/Diels-Alder reaction, diversity oriented synthesis of PPAPs scaffold via sequential one pot cascade reaction and ethyl aluminum sesquichloride catalyzed highly hindered Diels-Alder reaction. The first part concentrates on the domino pericyclic oxy-Cope/ene/Claisen/Diels-Alder reaction. As a result of this study, we have developed a general methodology for rapidly constructing complex diterpenes and discovered a thermal oxy-Cope/ene/Claisen/Claisen rearrangement, applied to the synthesis of trans decalin benzofurans. The second part involved the development of an efficient synthetic approach towards bicyclo[3.3.1]nonenone core found in many natural products, via a sequential Diels-Alder/gold(I)-catalyzed 6-endo-dig cyclization and its application to the synthesis of a diversified library of PPAPs. Finally, we have developed an efficient synthetic methodology for the formation of cyclohexene rings bearing quaternary carbon centers via an ethyl aluminum sesquichloride mediated highly hindered Diels-Alder reaction. This method solved an important problem encountered in the synthesis of many natural products including PPAPs. This methodology opened new opportunities in the total synthesis of PPAPs.

This thesis is a dissertation to support the development of new domino pericyclic oxy-Cope/ene/Claisen/Diels-Alder reaction, diversity oriented synthesis of PPAPs scaffold via sequential one pot cascade reaction and ethyl aluminum sesquichloride catalyzed highly hindered Diels-Alder reaction. The first part concentrates on the domino pericyclic oxy-Cope/ene/Claisen/Diels-Alder reaction. As a result of this study, we have developed a general methodology for rapidly constructing complex diterpenes and discovered a thermal oxy-Cope/ene/Claisen/Claisen rearrangement, applied to the synthesis of trans decalin benzofurans. The second part involved the development of an efficient synthetic approach towards bicyclo[3.3.1]nonenone core found in many natural products, via a sequential Diels-Alder/gold(I)-catalyzed 6-endo-dig cyclization and its application to the synthesis of a diversified library of PPAPs. Finally, we have developed an efficient synthetic methodology for the formation of cyclohexene rings bearing quaternary carbon centers via an ethyl aluminum sesquichloride mediated highly hindered Diels-Alder reaction. This method solved an important problem encountered in the synthesis of many natural products including PPAPs. This methodology opened new opportunities in the total synthesis of PPAPs.