Made available in DSpace on 2015-12-03T18:32:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Jose_do_Carmo_Rodrigues.pdf: 1179161 bytes, checksum: 46c0bde9ab143051f9d68af47df949de (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-11-28 / This work has aimed at studying soldiers' perceptions within seventy Five military units of S??o Paulo State, concerning the training conditions they were submitted when serving the initial military service. This study has been an exploratory field research within qualitative and quantitative approaches. Four thousand, nine hundred and sixty three questionnaires have been filled in by all Tiros-de-Guerra (TG) and Escola de Instru????o Militar (EsIM) of S??o Paulo State. Such questionnaires had sixty questions which allowed the characterization of existing factors in the military training of initial military training of initial military service and soldiers' perceptions regarding these factors. The studied matter was to know whether there were differences in the perception of such factors from the point of view of TG and EsIM soldiers. The obtained results have shown that there has been a perception difference. The present research has shown a picture of soldiers' perceptions on the given training. The obtained results suggest the continuation of data analyses, mainly by the Military Service responsible institutions. Such results also suggest the research application within other kinds of military service and its permanent institutionalization. / Este trabalho estudou a percep????o dos soldados de setenta e cinco unidades militares do Estado de S??o Paulo a respeito das condi????es do treinamento do Servi??o Militar Inicial a que foram submetidos. ?? uma pesquisa de campo explorat??ria, com tratamento qualitativo e quantitativo. Foram aplicados 4963 question??rios em todos os Tiros-de-Guerra e Escolas de Instru????o Militar do Estado de S??o Paulo. O question??rio possui sessenta quesitos que permitiram caracterizar os fatores presentes no treinamento militar do Servi??o Militar Inicial e a percep????o do soldado referente a esses fatores. O problema estudado foi saber se h?? diferen??as na percep????o desses fatores por parte dos soldados dos Tiros-de-Guerra e da Escola de Instru????o Militar. Os resultados obtidos indicam que existe diferen??a de percep????o dos fatores envolvidos. A pesquisa permitiu apresentar um retrato da percep????o dos soldados acerca do treinamento realizado. Os resultados obtidos sugerem a continuidade da an??lise dos dados, principalmente pelos ??rg??os respons??veis pelo servi??o militar, bem como a aplica????o da pesquisa para outros modelos de presta????o de Servi??o Militar e sua institucionaliza????o em bases permanentes.

O que hoje se denomina Mon coeur mis à nu é um conjunto de notas, aforismos bombásticos, ideias de capítulos por vir, agrupados e encadernados por Poulet-Malassis após a morte de Charles Baudelaire. Em 1887, Eugène Crépet publica a obra pela primeira vez, sob o título factício Journaux intimes. Os gestos editoriais pelos quais passou desde então tendem a conter seus inacabamentos, seja recorrendo à denominação diário íntimo, seja apagando editorialmente marcas da materialidade manuscrita e da provisoriedade de toda proposta de ordenação das notas. Mais recentemente, dois marcos começam a apontar para a dimensão inacabada de Mon coeur mis à nu, ainda que circunscritos a certa concepção filológica do processual: a noção de poética do rascunho, cunhada por Béatrice Didier ao tratar dos escritos póstumos de Baudelaire, e a edição diplomática de 2001, realizada por Claude Pichois para a editora suíça Droz. Tomando a retradução como estratégia de tradução, propõem-se nesta tese duas traduções simultâneas de Mon coeur mis à nu: uma tradução manuscrítica (voltada para a materialidade do manuscrito e sua transcrição-tradução) e um comentário do original como possibilidade de escrita tradutória (voltado para a necessidade de traçar linhas de força que rompam com a ordenação arbitrária de Malassis e desenhem outras relações possíveis, sem cair, em contrapartida, na falsa solução da desordenação absoluta e primordial). Mon coeur mis à nu apresenta uma escrita de cólera, que tem relação, por sua vez, com a teatralidade (a encenação de certa postura encolerizada, desagradável e chocante) e com a fusée (o aforismo incendiário, o processo de escrita que, atravessado pela cólera, faz-se projeto inacabado, promessa de explosão, projetos-projéteis lançados sobre a página contra a França, a modernidade, a canaille littéraire). Por fim, propomos a noção de contínuo do rascunho, que nos permite construir estratégias de edição e tradução que levem em consideração os inacabamentos de Mon coeur mis à nu, seu aspecto manuscrito, sua dispersão, seu efeito processual, sua cólera que, no limite, se volta contra a própria possibilidade de obra acabada. / The todays so-called Mon coeur mis à nu is a compound of notes, bombastic aphorisms, ideas for chapters to come, combined and bound by Poulet-Malassis after Charles Baudelaires death. In 1887, Eugène Crépet publishes the work for the first time under the sham title of Journaux intimes. The editorial gestures by which the work has passed ever since tend to contain its unfinishments, by means of denominating it intimal journal or by editorially erasing marks of the handwritten materiality and of the fugacity of any suggested organization of the notes. More recently, two milestones begin to highlight Mon coeur mis à nus unfinished dimension, albeit limited to a certain philological conception of the processual: the notion of draft poetics, initiated by Béatrice Didier approaching Baudelaires posthumous writings, and the 2001 diplomatic edition prepared by Claude Pichois for Droz, a Belgian publishing house. Understanding retranslation as a translation strategy, this thesis proposes two simultaneous translations for Mon coeur mis à nu: a manuscriptical translation (aiming the handwritten materiality and its transcription-translation) and a commentary of the original as a possibility of translational writing (aiming the necessity of tracing lines of force that break Malassis arbitrary ordering and redraw other possible relations, without succumbing, in return, to the false solution of the absolute and primeval disorder). Mon coeur mis à nu presents a wrathful writing related to, on the other hand, the theatricality (the mis-en-scène of a certain rabid, unpleasant, shocking posture) and the fusée (the incendiary aphorism, the writing process that, traversed by cholera, produces itself as an unfinished project, a promise of explosion, projects-projectiles launched over the page against France, the modernity, the canaille littéraire). Finally, we offer the notion of draft continuum, that allows us to build strategies of edition and translation that consider Mon coeur mis à nus unfinishments, its handwritten aspect, its dispersion, its processual effect, its cholera that, to the limit, turns against the possibility itself of being a finished work.

As curvas de nível são extremamente úteis na solução dos problemas da engenharia e algumas áreas de aplicação são: topografia, exploração de minérios e petróleo, estudo de campos magnéticos, metrologia e outros. Tem-se recorrido ao auxílio do computador para desenhar automaticamente esse tipo de mapas e são muitos os programas desenvolvidos com essa finalidade. Escolhemos como ponto de partida de nosso estudo um método, de comprovadas qualidades, desenvolvido por Hiroshi Akima: \"A Method of bivariate interpolation and smooth surface fitting for irregularly distributed data points\". A nossa contribuição a esse trabalho consiste na redução do tempo de computação, na melhoria da qualidade do desenho e na adaptação do sistema para uso em microcomputadores, com a consequente redução do custo da produção de mapas.Com o programa de Akima não fornece rotinas de desenho, nós implementamos uma com esse propósito e esta é uma outra contribuição desta tese. / Contour maps are extremely useful in the solution of engineering problems and some areas of applications are: survey, minerals and petroleum exploration, study of magnetic fields , metereology and others. The computer has been used for drawing automatically such maps and there are already several programs developed with this purpose. We have selected as starting point of our study, a method with proved qualities, developed by Hiroshi Akima, entitled: \"A method of bivariate interpolation and smooth surface fitting for irregularly distributed data points\". Our contribution to the work of Akima consists in reducing the computing time, improving the visual aspect of the map and in adapting the system to the use in microcomputers, with the consequent reduction of the cost of map\'s production. Since Akima\'s program does not provide any routine for drawing maps, we further implement one for such purpose and this is another contribution of this thesis.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-05T18:12:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 22 / Nenhuma / Nesta dissertação de mestrado, estudamos o processo de produção da escrita em oficina literária. As teorias da enunciação de Émile Benveniste e de Jacqueline Authier-Revuz fundamentam nosso estudo. Em Benveniste, tomamos as reflexões sobre a dupla significância da linguagem para daí derivar uma forma de compreender o uso artístico da linguagem. Em Authier-Revuz, ancoramo-nos na teoria das heterogeneidades constitutivas / não-coincidências do dizer, para fundamentar a compreensão do ato enunciativo como palco de uma negociação constante e obrigatória do sujeito-autor com o(s) outros(s)/Outro que o atravessa(m) no ato de produção da escrita literária. Tomamos como objeto de estudo oito rascunhos e a versão final de um conto elaborado a partir de exercício proposto em uma Oficina de Criação Literária. Com o auxílio de classificações formuladas pela crítica genética – supressão, inserção e substituição -, acrescidas de categorias propostas por Endruweit (2006), observamos as alterações ocorridas de uma para outra / This master’s dissertation studies the process of writing production on a literary workshop. Émile Benveniste’s and Jacqueline Authier-Revuz’s enunciation theories are the basis for our study. From Benveniste, we borrow the reflection about the double meaning of language in order to derive a way to understand the artistic use of language. From Authier-Revuz, we take the theory of constitutive heterogeneity / non-coincidence of speech, to fundament the understanding of the act of enunciation as the stage for a constant and mandatory negotiation between subject-author and the other(s)/Other that cross him/her in the act of production of literary writing. Our object of study is comprised of eight drafts and a final version of a short story elaborated from an exercise suggested at a Workshop of Literary Creation. With the aid of classifications formulated by genetic criticism – suppression, insertion and substitution -, added of categories proposed by Endruweit (2006), we observed the changes that took place from

The current - and very relevant - debate about the way authors and performers lose control over exploitation, and more importantly, revenue generated through use of their works and performances in the digital world somewhat overshadows the fact that there are existing scenarios arising from the normal course of dealings in such works where the same occurs and were remedy of any such "injustice" has not been fully enshrined in law. A right to additional fair remuneration is a concept recognised to various degrees in some Member States of the EU but not all, scaling from (seemingly) zero in the UK to quite an elaborate regulation in Germany. Where they are recognised, application and enforcement of relevant provisions also vary. The EU sought to harmonise the issue of author's and performer's access to fair share of revenue generated from exploitation of their work or performance (for normal dealings and in digital spheres of copyright exploitation) in its new draft Directive. The Proposal for a Directive on Copyright in the Digital Single Market published in September 2016 dedicates its Chapter 3 of Title IV to Fair remuneration in contracts of authors and performers; contract adjustment mechanism introduced in Article 15 attempts to tackle the issue by proposing a statutory right to additional remuneration being introduced throughout the EU Member States. Or, was the aim of this provision originally even broader? In this work, three main areas are addressed: (i) the background and justification of inclusion of such provisions into the Draft DSM Directive; (ii) current applicable law in Germany, Czech Republic and the UK; three countries each representing different historical and doctrinal approach to copyright law and thus providing unique benchmarks for the analysis, (iii) reconciliation of the first two parts: analysing what - if any - change in the national legislation would be needed for the three Member States to transpose the provision into the national laws. By way of conclusion, recommendations to amend Article 15 of the draft Directive is based on the analysis made in the third part.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:46:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Micaela Deyust dos Santos Pincinato.pdf: 614922 bytes, checksum: e79dec7b44c5db88dcba87f19082dc39 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-08-30 / Nowadays, the work with the written word in school follows a methodology and searches overshot conceptions of teaching-learning and, therefore, the results reached in composition classes seem to be different from the expected ones: that the student may organize a proficient, organized and united written text. Experience in classroom enhances the reflection that teacher must have according to teaching of student s texts production practice. Such reflexive action allows us, teachers, to improve native language and our interference in student s written process. One of these interferences concerns to the work this researcher makes with drafts written by students of 2nd and 3rd grades of High School level in a private school in Jundiaí SP. The drafts show the experience students get in their written learning. Moreover, drafts show worries about linguistics unquietness and the ways they choose in the rewriting of a text which must be coherent and concise. The methodology used provides both, teacher and student, an interactive work whose changing of texts / drafts among students in classroom is constant and followed by the teacher who explains such drafts until the final text. Some results can be deducted from this work. When we analyse the student s draft and final text, we notice that not always their immediate worry concerns to corrections of orthography and punctuation. Later, when the teacher interferes on the draft, with observations related specially to the text organization and cohesion, students show to be worried about the ideas and clauses chaining: final product evidences the choices the student makes to keep coherent his thinking organization by the writing. / Atualmente, o trabalho com a palavra escrita na escola segue uma metodologia e explora concepções ultrapassadas de ensino-aprendizagem e, por isso, parecem ser os resultados alcançados nas aulas de redação diferentes daqueles esperados: que o aluno consiga produzir um texto escrito de forma proficiente, organizada e coesa. A vivência na sala de aula intensifica a reflexão que o professor deve fazer quanto ao ensino da prática de produção de textos dos alunos. Tal ato reflexivo permite a nós, professores, aprimorar nossa própria prática de ensino de redação em língua materna e nossa interferência no processo de escrita do aluno. Uma dessas interferências diz respeito ao trabalho que esta pesquisadora faz com os rascunhos elaborados pelos estudantes de 2ª e 3ª séries do Ensino Médio em uma escola particular de Jundiaí-SP. Estes rascunhos mostram a maturidade que os jovens adquirem em sua aprendizagem de escrita. Além disso, evidenciam as preocupações deles quanto às suas inquietações lingüísticas e os caminhos escolhidos na reescritura de um texto que se quer coerente e coeso. A metodologia utilizada proporciona, ao professor e ao aluno, um trabalho interativo, cuja troca de textos/rascunhos entre os alunos em sala de aula é constante e acompanhada pelo professor que comenta tais rascunhos até o texto final. Alguns resultados podem ser extraídos deste trabalho. Ao analisarmos o rascunho e texto final dos alunos, percebemos que nem sempre a preocupação imediata deles diz respeito às correções ortográficas e de pontuação. Posteriormente, à medida que o interfere no rascunho, cujas observações referem-se especialmente à organização do texto e coesão, os estudantes demonstram preocupar-se muito mais com o encadeamento das idéias o produto final evidencia as escolhas que o jovem faz para manter coerente a organização de seu pensamento pela escrita.

Cities in Turkey are great risk pools. Underqualified building stocks are the major components of such risk pools. For the mitigation of risks, &#039 / engineering approach offers retrofitting of individual buildings as an ultimate method. However, this proposition has economic and legal difficulties. Instead, it is essential to develop new policies to focus on areas of high earthquake risk as comprehensive urban regeneration activities. This new policy requires new tools to monitor urban regeneration processes. It is obligatory to make comprehensive plans for high risk areas and to take low income groups into consideration in mitigation action plans. Comprehensive regeneration in existing districts could provide means and standards of safety not necessarily maintained by the retrofitting of individual buildings. Potentials of regeneration processes are readily observed and practiced in Turkey as means of regulating urban regeneration processes, even if for purposes other than safety. Analysis of a set of regeneration projects selected from world experience indicates that current regeneration practice in Turkey is far from a comprehensive approach. Municipalities are fully empowered to designate regeneration areas and carry out redevelopment activities often providing increased dentsities on compensate for the costs. This has been reinstated in the new draft law. Rather than a separate law, general regulation of regeneration could be accommodated in the Development Law 3194. A special Law concerning regeneration could instead focus only on risk reduction issues in cities throughout Turkey. The identification of priorities for such regeneration processes could be made by the Ministry of Public Works and Settlement as the central authority, clarifying the scale and timing of each project. The implementation tools of urban regeneration and issues like authorization, responsibility, funding, and auditing could be determined in this special law. A new approach for urban regeneration is needed to describe organizational, participatory, financial framework.

The objective of this thesis is to analyze the Iraqi politics of oil in the period from 20 th century onwards. Within this regard, while &ldquo / rentier state&rdquo / conception is generally put under consideration to understand the state&rsquo / s centrality in political, economic and social spheres of oil &ndash / producing countries, contrary to this conventional approach,this thesis argues that the key to all achievements and all failures of Iraqi state is related to the status of oil in Iraq&rsquo / s engagement with the superpowers and the attractiveness of Iraqi oil for other external actors like international non-state actors and multinational companies. In the first instance, the engagement of Britain and later on, the inclusion of the U.S to the national, regional and international affairs of Iraq are discussed within the boundaries of the aforementioned argument. The role of oil in the creation of the state, in its relations with neighbour countries and in relations conducted with the super powers of the international system is analyzed. Within this context, in the aftermath of the September 11, the U.S&rsquo / s intense desires for regime change in Iraq is analyzed to reveal that the main motivation behind the invasion of Iraq in 2003 is related with the country&rsquo / s vast oil resources. In the similar vein, the developments in the post- invasion period are analyzed to indicate the prevailing prominent role of oil. Eventually, this thesis states that even though changes and continuities occur in the course of time and accordingly divergences and convergences exist in the implementations of the Iraqi state, the issue of guaranteeing the flow of oil at reasonable price has remained in the focal point of the external interventions to Iraq.

none

Writing is an important skill that is necessary throughout school and life. Many students with physical disabilities, however, have difficulty with writing skills due to disability-specific factors, such as motor coordination problems. Due to the difficulties these individuals have with writing, assistive technology is often utilized. One piece of assistive technology, speech recognition software, may help remove the motor demand of writing and help students become more fluent writers. Past research on the use of speech recognition software, however, reveals little information regarding its impact on individuals with physical disabilities. Therefore, this study involved students of high school age with physical disabilities that affected hand use. Using an alternating treatments design to compare the use of word processing with the use of speech recognition software, this study analyzed first-draft writing samples in the areas of fluency, accuracy, type of word errors, recall of intended meaning, and length. Data on fluency, calculated in words correct per minute (wcpm) indicated that all participants wrote much faster with speech recognition compared to word processing. However, accuracy, calculated as percent correct, was much lower when participants used speech recognition compared to word processing. Word errors and recall of intended meaning were coded based on type and varied across participants. In terms of length, all participants wrote longer drafts when using speech recognition software, primarily because their fluency was higher, and they were able, therefore, to write more words. Although the results of this study indicated that participants wrote more fluently with speech recognition, because their accuracy was low, it is difficult to determine whether or not speech recognition is a viable solution for all individuals with physical disabilities. Therefore, additional research is needed that takes into consideration the editing and error correction time when using speech recognition software.