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京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(農学) / 甲第24661号 / 農博第2544号 / 新制||農||1098(附属図書館) / 学位論文||R5||N5442(農学部図書室) / 京都大学大学院農学研究科森林科学専攻 / (主査)教授 矢野 浩之, 教授 和田 昌久, 教授 今井 友也 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Agricultural Science / Kyoto University / DGAM

The objectives of these studies were to investigate the effects of two special proteins, spray-dried plasma protein (SDPP), a high quality protein source, and Peptiva®, a mixture of peptides manufactured from marine products, on growth performance, nitrogen balance and enzyme and nutrient transporter mRNA expression in the brushborder membrane in weanling pigs. The results indicated that 6 % SDPP increased ADG and ADFI in the first 10 d after weaning (P < 0.05) without carry-over benefits in subsequent phases. There were potential additive effects of SDPP and Cu on growth promotion. Trends for interaction of diet and pen sanitation were observed for G:F with more pronounced response to SDPP (P = 0.07) and Cu (P = 0.11) supplementation in the sub-sanitary pens. In the duodenum, reduced crypt depth with Cu supplementation (P < 0.01) and a trend for greater villous length with SDPP supplementation (P = 0.09) were observed. Pigs reared in the sub-sanitary pens had lower ADG (P < 0.05) as well as shorter villous length and less crypt depth (P < 0.05) than those from sanitary pens. To investigate the potential impact of dietary proteins on gene expression in the intestine, 54 weanling pigs were fed either 6 % SDPP, 0.5 % Peptiva®, or soy control diets, and were killed 3 or 10 d after weaning. Northern blot results revealed significant diet by intestinal segment interactions (P < 0.05) for aminopeptidase A and aminopeptidase N. Aminopeptidase A was evenly distributed along the small intestine in the Peptiva® group, but decreased dramatically in the ileum in other groups. Aminopeptidase N increased from the proximal to the distal intestine in the soy protein and SDPP groups, whereas in the Peptiva® group, relative abundance was highest in the jejunum and lowest in the duodenum. Most of the enzyme and nutrient transporter mRNA abundance was observed in the distal segements of the small intestine and changed as the animals matured. Due to the low abundance of cytokine mRNA expression in the intestine, mRNA levels of cytokine were quantified by Real-Time PCR. The results indicated that the pigs fed the SDPP diet tended to have lower pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1-β and TNF-α compared to other treatments. Tumor necrosis factor--α and IL-10 mRNA abundance increased from the proximal to the distal intestine, and was higher (P < 0.05) in the ileum than in the duodenum and jejunum. The mRNA abundance of IL-1-β, IL-10, and TNF-α also increased as the animals matured (P < 0.01). In summary, SDPP increased growth performance of weanling pigs, which were associated with changes in intestinal morphology and function. Peptiva® influenced aminopeptidases distribution along the small intestine. The mRNA abundance for digestive enzymes, nutrient transporters, and cytokines were differentially regulated along the small intestine as pigs matured. / Ph. D.

The merits of fortifying baked products such as biscuits, chocolate cakes, muffins, and yeast rolls with non-fat dried milk solids at six concentrations were compared. Baked products were used because the majority of older people consume fairly large quantities of them, and this group of people needs added milk in their diets. / Master of Science

Insoluble sediments are contained in all the samples of evaporated milk, sweetened condensed milk, and milk made from powdered milk solids that were examined. The amount of sediment was greates in the milk :powder milk, being over 13 per cent of the original substance. With the sweetened condensed milk it averaged 6.6 per cent, and 2.2 per cent with evaporated milk. The sediments from evaporated milk were coarse and granular. The coarse material had a high per cent of calcium. Granulation occurred in the milks of the least density. The granular particles are the result of recrystallization, and this takes place more quickly in fluids of low density. The sediments are characteristic of highly heated and condensed milk products, and their presence in milk would show that condensed milk or powdered milk had been used. The protein probably forms from one-half to two-th irds of this sediment. The results of the calcium, phosphorus and magnesium determinations indicate tha.t insoluble compounds are formed with these constituents. Some of the calcium is evidently in the form of carbonates and phosphates, since efferve~nce took place on addition of an acid to the granular sediment, and phosphorus was shown to be in the sediment in greater proportion than normal. / Master of Science / Major thesis in Diary Chemistry

Fresh hams were skinned, boned, and fat removed to tolerance. Three curing mixtures were applied at the rate of 5% of the boneless weight. The curing mixtures consisted of (1) .1% sodium nitrite, 14.2% white sugar, and 85. 7% salt, (2) .2% sodium nitrite, 14.2% white sugar and 85.6% salt, (3) 10% v/v nitric oxide gas in nitrogen, 14.2% white sugar and 85.8% salt. The entire amount of the curing mixture was applied immediately prior to the tumbling treatment. Hams were tumbled for 180 minutes (3 hours) continuously at 22 R.P.M. at 2l.1°C. The hams were held 12 hours at 4.4°C for salt equalization, smoked for four hours and cooked to an internal temperature of 71.1°C for 15 minutes and then aged for 14 days at 60% humidity and 15.5 to 21.1°C. Organoleptic evaluations were made, and slices were analyzed for salt, moisture, and residual nitrite. Panel scores were similar for all treatments, all were acceptable except for control which could not be evaluated. Percent salt and moisture were similar for the three treatments but the control (non-tumbled) had the lowest percent salt. Variations occurred in nitrite levels, the lowest level detected was in the control (non-tumbled) hams and the highest level detected was in the hams treated with the nitric oxide. Residual nitrite levels for the hams treated with 0.1% sodium nitrite and 0.2% sodium nitrite showed no statistical differences. / Master of Science

Transportation of swine is an emerging welfare issue, especially for piglets weaned and then immediately transported. Weaned pigs fed starter diets containing SDPP display improved growth performance. The objective of this study was to determine effects of pre-weaning SDPP on indicators of health, welfare, and performance in transported weaned pigs. Pigs were assigned to treatments: I. SDPP + transport, II. Water + transport, III. SDPP + no transport, or IV. Water + no transport. Pigs received their gavage twice daily for 5 d prior to weaning. Pigs were weaned and either transported or moved directly to the wean-to-finish barn. Rectal temperatures and blood samples were obtained at weaning and after relocation. Body weight was determined on d 1, at weaning, after relocation, and at weekly intervals for 5 wk thereafter. Blood chemistry profiles and serum cortisol concentrations were also determined. Rectal temperature and potassium increased and calcium decreased after groups I and II were transported. Glucose was lowest in group II. Total protein was greater in group I compared to group III. Albumin was greatest in group I compared to all other groups. Sodium was greatest in group II compared to all other groups. Anion gap was greatest in group II compared to group IV. Cortisol, phosphorus, gamma-glutamyltransferase, and chloride, were greater in groups I and II after transportation. In summary, transportation impacted several physiological indicators of health and well-being in weaned pigs, and providing SDPP prior to weaning prevented transportation-induced changes in sodium, glucose, and anion gap levels. / Master of Science

Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Technology: Marketing, Durban University of Technology, 2008. / The purpose of this study was to evaluate Chinese parents' buying behaviour towards baby milk powder in the context of China's One-Child policy. The study examined the Chinese culture, social trends, the influence of product attributes among urban Chinese parents and parents' product knowledge of baby milk powder. This study is an exploratory study. A questionnaire was used to collect the data from 400 respondents at Shangdong University, China. There are 312 respondents' questionnaires used to analyse the results. The results were discovered through the use of four research objectives. Firstly, the results reflect that family and friends do have an influence on buying decisions on baby milk powder. There parents rely more on word-of-mouth communication and shop assistants play a negative role in parents' buying decision. Secondly, mothers need to opt for baby milk powder for their babies due to the flood of women into the job market and incomes from dual earners. Thirdly, parents perceive high price with good quality; the preferred brand by the parents have a significant impact on their brand loyalty and parents generally hold positive views of foreign-made baby milk powder. Fourthly, parents have a high level of subjective and objective knowledge of baby milk powder. This study was limited to the sample size and the geographic area. Consequently, results of this study can not be regarded as representative of the entire Chinese population. The results may help marketers develop more effective marketing programmes to affect consumers' buying decision. In addition, this study is one of a few studies that apply the theory of buying behaviour in the context of China's One-Child policy in the marketing field. / M