Thesis (M.S.)--Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences Dept., South Dakota State University, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 91-100). Also available via the World Wide Web.

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Delaware, 2005. / Principal faculty advisor: Nancy Signorielli, Dept. of Communication. Includes bibliographical references.

This thesis explores two themes on upstream oil and gas economics centred on offshore safety economics and third party access to infrastructure in the United Kingdom Continental Shelf (UKCS). The first part involves work that explores the nexus between the offshore safety regime and safety outcomes. It contributes to the literature by explaining the post-Piper Alpha safety regime changes with regard to our understanding, framing of safety decision making and benchmarking of safety outcomes. The second part investigates third party access to infrastructure issues in the UKCS. It contributes to our understanding of how different third party access to infrastructure arrangements can be utilised to maximise economic recovery. Each chapter addresses fundamental issues of North Sea oil and gas operations through the application of microeconomic, operations research and econometric methods within a formal analytical framework. The results provide insights into decision-making complexities in the upstream oil and gas industry by guiding policy makers. Specifically, part one of this thesis looks at safety performance in the post-Piper Alpha era in the UKCS. It investigates ways through which a more comprehensive and theoretically informed framework can be used to understand the linkages that arise when dealing with safety regulations and their impacts on the offshore oil and gas industry. Our objective is to empirically ascertain the determinants of offshore hydrocarbon releases within the context of the post-Piper Alpha offshore safety regime regulations. This is done using an observed number of hydrocarbon releases linked to a population denominator data of the number of the installations present in the UKCS. Three research problems are examined: (1) the transmission mechanisms through which safety regulation influence firm and industry productivity; (2) the assessment methods utilised in measuring and benchmarking regulatory outcomes in terms of safety compliance; and (3) the extent to which safety policies contribute to enhancing safety levels in the oil and gas industry. We initially review the background and literature on offshore safety with a particular emphasis on the UKCS in Chapter 2. We also frame our research questions and underlying hypothesis here. In Chapter 3, we present our underlying empirical framework and model specifications followed by some descriptive analysis of the hydrocarbon releases data. The results of the various econometric model specifications are analysed in Chapter 4. The second part of the thesis explores how possible different ownership patterns (including access arrangements) might affect the economic viability of exploiting remaining resources in the UKCS. This section attempts to answer two critical questions namely how the impact of the separation of infrastructure and field ownership affect economic recovery and the impact of taxation on field and hub economics in a mature oil basin. We explore how possible different ownership structures and access arrangements might affect the economic viability of remaining UKCS reserves. We apply a mixed integer programming (MIP) model to field data from the Northern North Sea. Specifically, we examine how the unbundling of infrastructure and field ownership, as well as different cost sharing and tariff arrangements, affect the long-term economics of hubs and their user fields. Regarding the layout, Chapter 5 talks about access to infrastructure issues in the UKCS namely the regulatory framework for access and related legislation. It leads to the development of a conceptual framework and model based upon which extractions are made to capture the various potential market outcomes. In Chapter 6, the empirical model, which utilises the mixed integer programming approach, is discussed. The data sources and characterization, as well as the presentation of the results from the Baseline Model, are presented in Chapter 7. The analysis of the Tax Model and the Cost Sharing plus Tax Model including structure and simulated results with underlying assumptions are presented in Chapter 8. Finally, Chapter 9 leads to a thorough discussion of the results followed by conclusions and policy recommendations.

Orientador: Celso Kazuyuki Morooka / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecanica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-23T20:08:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Mendes_JoseRicardoPelaquim_M.pdf: 6979997 bytes, checksum: cb7b7cacbcb91fb76e57ca2cad3585fc (MD5) Previous issue date: 1998 / Resumo: Uma série de trabalhos desenvolvidos com o uso do conceito de Sistemas Inteligentes Distribuídos, criando agentes de raciocínio fornecido por especialistas em diversas áreas do Petróleo, implementadas em um shell específico (Kards), tem vislumbrado um grande potencial do uso desta tecnologia no ramo do Petróleo. Na seleção de brocas para a perfuração de poços de Petróleo, o objetivo é alcançar um mínimo custo métrico, sendo a seleção na prática realizada através de poços de correlação e na própria experiência do engenheiro de perfuração. O uso de métodos analíticos geralmente necessitam de informações expendiosas além de ser uma tarefa árdua devido a complexibilidade do problema. Nesta dissertação é apresentado um método de preservação do conhecimento especializado no processo de seleção de brocas tricônicas através de redes neurais, lógica nebulosa e ferramentas disponíveis no Sistema Kards. Este trabalho serviu de base para arquitetar um Sistema Inteligente para o auxílio de seleção de brocas tricônicas, sendo útil também em termos de treinamento de novos engenheiros / Abstract: A series of works developed using the concept of Distributed Intelligent Systems, creating agents of reasoning provided by experts in several areas of Petroleum, structured in a specific shell (Kards), has glimpsed a great potencial of this technology in Petroleum sector. ln the bit selection to drill oil well, the objective is to obtain a minimum metric cost, being the selection in practice realized using correlation wells and in drilling engineers experience. The use of analytical methods usually needs extensive informations and moreover it is hard job owing to complexity of the problem. ln the thesis is presented a method of preservations of specialized knowledge jn triconics drills selection process using neural nets, fuzzy logic and available tools in the Kards System. This work was a base to construct an lntelligent System for the assistance of triconics drills selection, being also useful to fit to training of engineers / Mestrado / Mestre em Engenharia de Petróleo

Orientador: Celso Kazuyuki Morooka / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecanica e Instituto de Geociencias / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-12T08:39:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rabelo_ClariceAugustaCarvalho_M.pdf: 1757616 bytes, checksum: 2afb920a544c77f11cc971e3b5a855cf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Resumo: A crescente complexidade dos ambientes explorados e o avanço tecnológico são elementos que caracterizam o dinâmico cenário da Indústria de Perfuração e que têm promovido uma mudança no perfil dos poços perfurados. Dentro desse contexto, o planejamento e elaboração de projetos mais eficientes são ferramentas a serem utilizadas para controlar custos e promover operações mais seguras. Um dos principais aspectos deste processo é o conhecimento da região explorada que pode ser obtido de duas formas: através da experiência de profissionais especialistas e de ferramentas de análise de dados. Nesse sentido, o trabalho desenvolvido propõe uma metodologia para analisar dados de perfuração, focando no estudo de anormalidades, com o objetivo de identificar elementos importantes a serem considerados em projeto a fim de garantir melhores operações. Para tanto, foi realizado um estudo sobre o tema Planejamento e Projeto de Poço, tendo sido feito também um levantamento dos principais conceitos relacionados com Análise de Dados e Problemas de Perfuração. Ao final do trabalho, é apresentado um estudo de caso utilizando dados de poços reais a fim de demonstrar uma aplicação da metodologia. / Abstract: The increasing complexity of environments explored and the technology advance characterize a dynamic scenario of Drilling Industry, which has lead to changes in well profiles. Such aspects emphasize the importance of well planning in order to obtain more efficient operations in economical and safety terms. A key point of this process is the knowledge about the area explored, which can be obtained from two different ways: from experts experience and from data analysis tools. In this way, this study proposes a methodology to analyze drilling data and abnormalities with the aim to identify important project parameters that have influence on operational performance. The methodology was developed by performing a previous study about subjects like Well Planning, Well Project, Data Analysis and Drilling Problems. In order to verify its application, a case study using real drilling data was also performed at the end of this work. / Mestrado / Explotação / Mestre em Ciências e Engenharia de Petróleo

This thesis presents a detailed experimental programme on understanding the mechanics of drilling in porous brittle solids. Gypsum was used as a model material for this experimental study, in which the mechanics of drilling was decoupled into equivalent problems of indentation and cutting. A comprehensive understanding of the mechanics of indentation and cutting was gained by performing experiments in 2-D conditions. A camera and microscope assembly was used to capture images at high temporal and spatial resolution to measure the in situ deformation. Particle image velocimetry (PIV) algorithm was used to measure the deformation parameters such as velocity, strain-rate, strain and volume change. In the last part of this research, drilling experiments were performed in 3-D conditions and an attempt was made for understanding the mechanics of drilling by relating the drilling experiment results to that of indentation and cutting. A series of wedge indentation experiments were performed under 2-D plane-strain conditions. Development of a parabolic zone of deformation, surrounding the indenter, was observed, wherein this size of the deformation zone and the strain accumulation in the deformation zone was a function of the geometry of the indenter. The maximum effective strain decreased and the overall strain field was more diffuse with increase in the wedge angle. Significant volume change was also observed in this deformation zone and the amount of volume change increased with increase in the porosity of the material. The zones of high volume change (compaction bands) were stacked in the form of layers oriented perpendicular to the direction of indentation. These compaction bands were more localized for the case of lower angles of wedge indenter. The extent of the compaction bands was also a function of porosity and spread over a larger area for the case of low porosity samples. A change in the material response was also observed with change in porosity and geometry of the indenter. The appearance of the crack was delayed with increase in porosity and reduction of wedge angle. The experimental results were also used to validate an analytical cavity expansion model. A better prediction of indentation pressure and the size of the deformation zone was possible after volume change corrections were incorporated into the cavity expansion formulation. A series of orthogonal cutting experiments were performed in 2-D plane-strain conditions. The e ect of tool geometry and the depth of cut on the mechanics of cutting was studied with the help of image based measurements and cutting force signatures. Different types of cutting mechanisms were observed for the case of positive and negative rake angle tool. A cyclic increase and decrease in the cutting force was observed in case of positive rake angle cutting tool. The decrease in the cutting force corresponded to the initiation of crack from the tip of the tool. The crack traversed towards the surface of the material and resulted in the removal of a material chip. With progress of cutting, the tool scratched the material surface, giving rise to the gradual increase in the cutting force as it again reached local maxima when the tool completely re-engaged with the material. For the case of negative rake angle, apart from cyclic increase and decrease of the cutting force, there was a development of a triangular dead zone at the tip of the cutting tool. The size of the dead zone varied cyclically with the progress of cutting. The length of crack, which resulted in the removal of the chip from the material, was found to be a function of the rake angle and the depth of cut. Drilling experiments were performed on gypsum samples in 3-D conditions. Two types of twist drills with different helix angles were used for this research work. Experiments were performed on the samples with two different porosities. Thrust force and torque signatures were recorded for five values of depth of cut per revolution. Since these experiments were performed in 3-D, image analysis was not performed. However, in order to ascertain a qualitative understanding of the drilling process, few experiments were performed on the edge of the material surface so that a cylindrical groove with semicircular cross section is made and the exposed surface of the material and the drill were imaged. The normalized thrust force and normalized torque were compared with indentation pressure and cutting force signatures and remarkable similarities between them was found. A transition from ductile to brittle type of response was observed with increase in the depth of cut per revolution, which was similar to what was observed in case of indentation. The magnitude of torque was found to be higher for high helix angle drills, which was counter to what was observed in cutting, which was due to the deposition of the material in helix for high helix angle drills, resulting in the reduction of the effective helix angle. An approximate estimate of the effective helix angle was made with the help of analytical solutions as well as from the qualitative analysis of the images.

This master thesis deals with a design of technological process description for a mechanical engineering part called „pressure plate“. The component is analyzed in regards to its mechanical engineering design and used material. Some brief theoretical prerequisites for an effective solution of the problem are summarized in the paper. A detailed research of current technological methods is provided, together with an analysis of the State-of-the-Art in manufacturing, introduction of technological possibilities of the company and a timeline records of the manufacturing process. In regards to the current methods and technologies, changes to the technological process are applied. Among these changes is a unification of machinery used in the process. This leads to an innovation of the methodology and the ways to clamp the component. Other applied alternations focus on a stabilization of the drilling process, which is reached by a choice of new tools and adjustment of cutting parameters. Furthermore, a variable coding of tools in case of automatic tool change is designed. This paper then provides two possible solutions based on proposed changes and alternations. These solutions, together with the tools mentioned, are subjects to a techno-economical assessment.

This thesis deals with the analysis of drilling technology of building materials and design of drilling tools. The thesis analyzes a given cutting materials and usability their applications for drilling of building materials. Further, the thesis deals with the creation of 3D model of drilling tool in SolidWorks environment and preparation of CNC program for cutting centre SP 208 SY which is controlled by Sinumerik system.

This thesis considers vibration drilling in aerospace materials. The tolerances of the drilled holes in aerospace industry are very low since hole quality is an important factor. Conventional methods of drilling create long ribbon formed chips that increases the heat formation and decreases the hole quality. The solution is to introduce low frequency axial vibrations at the drill to break the chips. Smaller chips are easier to evacuate and leads to less heat formation and increased hole quality. Mechanical solutions to create the axial vibrations are commonly used in so called Advanced Drilling Units (ADUs). These drilling machines mounts on the surface to be drilled, actuates the drill with a feeding motion and drills the hole automatically. The ADU PFD1100 from Atlas Copco uses a mechanical chip breaking module called the ChipLet. The ChipLet has fixed amplitude and frequency hence the ChipLet module needs to be replaced to change vibration parameters. This thesis proposes the idea to instead use an electromechanical solution to create the vibration with an electric motor. This would make the possibility to change vibration parameters on the fly. A motor has been coupled to the feeding mechanism of the PFD1100 using a created prototype. The motor modifies the feeding motion of the spindle by doing a superposition of the constant feeding with a sinusoidal motion hence creating vibrations on the spindle. To compare the prototype to the current ChipLet, force and torque data have been gathered and analysed with spectral signal processing using the power spectral density estimate (PSDE). Conventional drilling with both the prototype and the ChipLet have been tested and analysed to use as a baseline and reference. The prototype shows that electronic control of the vibration parameters is possible. The prototype is also capable of breaking the chips although at lower frequency and amplitude than the ChipLet. The PSDE shows that conventional drilling reference frequencies are present in the vibration drilling data sets. The PSDE also shows that both the prototype and the ChipLet have several overtones in addition to the main harmonic.

Drilling tool wear can significantly affect the performance of the drilling operation and add extra cost to it. Accurate detection of drilling tool condition is very important for enabling proactive maintenance, minimizing downtime, and optimizing drilling processes.  This study investigates the possibility of detecting drilling tool condition of a Raisboring machine using drilling signals with deep learning methods. Given the current situation where the operators of the machine are responsible for detecting drilling abnormalities, which introduces bias and inconsistency to the process, it is crucial to develop an automated machine health monitoring system.  The objectives of this study were to explore the effectiveness of deep learning approaches in detecting drilling tool faults based on sensor data collected during drilling operations; as well as to find out which drilling signal is most effective for this problem.  The working dataset consists of labeled samples representing two drilling tool conditions (new and worn) and includes four channels: RPM, torque, feed force, and ground acceleration signals. To implement this, both time-domain features and frequency-domain features were extracted from the drilling signals and used as input to fully connected neural networks (FCNNs) and convolutional neural networks (CNNs). Performance metrics such as accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score were used to assess the models’ performance. The results indicate that deep learning has great potential in detecting drilling tool condition. More specifically, the vibration signal, which yielded the highest results with the different algorithms.  The study highlights the potential of deep learning techniques for real-time, automated monitoring of drilling tool condition, enabling timely maintenance interventions and enhanced operationalefficiency.