No description available.

Le NVP (Problème du Vendeur de Journaux) a été étudiée de façon continue au cours des dernières décennies pour la prise de décision dans les industries manufacturières et de services. Bien que beaucoup de travail a été fait dans le domaine du NVP, l'intérêt sur ce sujet ne diminue pas. Alors que de nouvelles tendances émergent dans les affaires, par exemple flux internationaux de produits et de e-commerce, les détaillants sont confrontés à de nouvelles situations et la littérature de NVP doit être enrichi. Dans ce travail, nous proposons trois nouvelles extensions NVP compte tenu des questions importantes rencontrées par le NV: plusieurs soldes, variété de produits et d'assortiment ainsi que des problèmes de drop-shipping et de retour des produits qui sont liés à l'e-commerce. Notre travail ajoute de la valeur à partir des travails antérieurs dans plusieurs aspects: assouplissement des hypothèses, l'examen de nouvelles questions, de nouvelles formulations et de la méthodologie ainsi que des aperçus intéressants. Nous formulons les modèles et donner les conditions d'optimalité de la quantité de commande. Aperçus utiles sont fournis sur la base des études numériques.En particulier, pour faire face à surstock, nous présentons un modèle NVP avec le prix dépendant de la demande et de multiples soldes. Nous prouvons la concavité de l’espérance de profit sur la quantité avec les distributions générales de la demande. Le prix initial et les pourcentages de soldes sont également analysés. La variété de produit est traité dans un multi-produits Problème avec le transfert de la demande (les demandes de produits non inclus dans l'assortiment proposé dans le magasin sont en partie transférés aux produits conservés dans l'assortiment) et substitution de la demande entre les produits qui sont inclus dans l'assortiment, en faisant la détermination conjointe de décision optimale de l'assortiment et des quantités de commande pour les produits qui sont inclus dans l'assortiment, pour optimiser le profit total prévu. Pour e-commerce, nous considérons un NV qui gère à la fois un magasin physique et un canal de vente sur Internet qui est remplie par une option drop-shipping, ainsi que la possibilité de revendre les produits qui sont retournés par les consommateurs au cours de la saison de vente. La concavité de l’espérance profit est prouvée et différents résultats sont obtenus à partir d'une analyse numérique. / The NVP (News-Vendor Problem) has been continuously studied over the last decades for decision making in manufacturing and service industries. Although a lot of work has been done in the NVP area, interest on this topic does not decrease. As new trends emerge in business, e.g. international flow of products and e-commerce, retailers are facing new situations and the literature of NVP needs to be enriched. In this work, we propose three new NVP extensions considering important issues faced by the NV: multiple discounts, product variety and assortment as well as drop-shipping and product return problems that are related to e-commerce. Our work adds value from earlier achievements in several aspects: relaxation of assumptions, consideration of new issues, new formulations and methodology as well as interesting insights. We formulate the models and give the optimality conditions of the order quantity. Useful insights are provided based on numerical studies.In particular, for dealing with overstock, we present a NVP model with price-dependent demand and multiple discounts. We prove the concavity of the expected profit on order quantity under general demand distributions. The optimal initial price and discount scheme are also analyzed. The product variety is treated in a multi-product News-Vendor Problem with demand transfer (the demands of products not included in the assortment proposed in the store are partly transferred to products retained in the assortment) and demand substitution between products that are included in the assortment, by focusing on the joint determination of optimal product assortment decision and optimal order quantities for products that are included in the assortment to optimize the expected total profit. For e-commerce, we consider a NV managing both a physical store inventory and a sale channel on internet that is fulfilled by a drop-shipping option, as well as the possibility of reselling products that are returned by consumers during the selling season. The concavity of the expected profit is proven and various results are obtained from a numerical analysis.

No description available.

Sales are central to retail companies. One of the main problems for these companies is when products are sold later than expected, causing overstock due to lower inventory turnover, which increases inventory levels. Therefore, for many retailers, it is important to solve this problem. This is mostly applicable to companies engaged in sales; however, if we take into account the main supplier and the way they act within the supply chain, we must also consider an additional approach. Since online sales are a major innovation brought about by the new digital era, it is standard for sales strategies to focus on this new requirement of customers. In this way, the main supplier takes a leap forward on Internet sales, creating another sales channel. This is when companies under the supply chain start losing sales. According to the above, a dual supply chain model was suggested using the SCOR model and drop shipping. After the improvement proposal was implemented, the company reported a reduction of approximately S/13,000 when comparing the first quarter of 2018 to that of 2019.

Influencer marketing has an unethical side that was important for us to talk about. Thisstudy’s objective was to understand how impactful it was regarding the consumer and how itcould be really bad for a company to use this type of marketing in an unethical way. Theresearch then permitted us to investigate, see and understand consumer’s point of view onthis topic, especially thanks to the interviews that were conducted. The findings were varied,but most of the people that were asked about it were positive about the fact that unethicalpromotions impacted their behavior towards the brands in a bad way. This is the reason whycompanies must choose wisely the influencers they chose to use to promote their brands onsocial media. Indeed, as their name suggests, they influence their followers. That is thereason why they must be ethically correct.

Bakgrund:                   För att stärka sin position på marknaden önskar Staples Sweden AB utöka sitt artikelsortiment till att omfatta 1 000 000 artiklar. För att möjliggöra sortimentsexpansionen behövs beslutsunderlag rörande hantering och kostnadsstruktur identifieras. Syfte:                          Syftet med studien är att utveckla en modell vid val och utformning av distributionssätt för att föreslå en distributionsslösning. Syftet är också att genom en kostnadsanalys identifiera orderkostnadsstrukturen för den föreslagna distributionslösningen. Metod:                        Vid genomförandet av studien tillämpades en fallstudiedesign. Det empiriska materialet samlades in genom intervjuer utförda på Staples Sweden AB. Slutsats:                      Vid tillämpningen av modellen som utvecklades i studien framkom att distributionslösningen ska utgöras av direktleveranser, konsoliderade direkleveranser, ”cross-docking”, ”cross-docking” med buffert och traditionell lagerhållning. Orderkostnaden skiljde sig mellan distributionssätten där ”cross-docking” var billigast och direktleveransvarianterna var dyrast. / Background:               To strengthen its position on the market, Staples Sweden AB seeks to expand its product range to include one million articles. The problem is that no one in the company knows how such a variety of items should be managed and how the structure of order costs would change. Based on these problems, the task for the study arose. Purpose:                      The thesis aims to develop a model for the selection and design of distribution methods for proposing a solution that can manage one million articles. It also aims to identify the structure of order cost for the proposed solution through a cost analysis. Methodology:             The study was conducted by applying a case study design. The empirical data were collected through interviews conducted at the Staples Sweden AB. Conclusion:                 In the application of the developed model showed that the distribution solution should consist of direct shipping, consolidated direct shipping, cross-docking, cross-docking with buffer and traditional warehousing. Order cost differed between distribution where "cross-docking" showed to be the cheapest and direct shipping variants were the most expensive.

Bakgrund: Företag kan använda sig av flera olika distributionsprocesser för att leverera produkter till kunder och alla dessa distributionsprocesser innebär olika kostnader, förutsättningar och hinder. Distributionskostnaden består av transport-, hanterings-, lagrings- och informationskostnad och utgör hos många företag en stor andel av de totala produktkostnaderna. Kostnaderna påverkas av hur ett företag väljer att utforma sin distributionsstruktur. Vid utformning av en distributionsstruktur finns det även vissa faktorer att ta hänsyn till, såsom olika kundkrav. Dessa faktorer och kostnader behöver samlas i ett ramverk för att kunna utgöra beslutsunderlag för företag. Syfte: Studien syftar till att utveckla ett teoretiskt ramverk för val av distributionsstruktur. Vidare syftar studien till att applicera ramverket på fallföretaget för att demonstrera hur ramverket kan tillämpas och branschanpassas. Slutligen redovisas möjliga kostnadsbesparingar för fallföretaget och en handlingsplan för att uppnå besparingarna. Tillvägagångssätt: Studien är en fallstudie på möbelåterförsäljaren Svenssons i Lammhult. Utifrån intervjuer och observationer har fallföretagets nuläge kartlagts i form av en processkarta. Därefter har ett teoretiskt ramverk för val av distributionsstruktur utformats och tillsammans med nulägesbeskrivningen har kostnader för alternativa distributionsprocesser beräknats på 30 utvalda produkter. Utifrån kostnadsberäkningarna har en ny distributionsstruktur presenterats tillsammans med en handlingsplan för en övergång till den nya distributionsstrukturen. Slutsats: Den största kostnadsbesparingen, cirka 2.000.000 kr, uppnås vid en övergång till direktleverans för de hemlevererade produkter som i dagsläget endast skickas med produkter från en leverantör. Vidare kostnadsbesparingar är uppnåbara genom att distribuera mindre produkter via upphämtningsplats istället för att dessa levereras hem till kund. För att implementera dessa förändringar kan förhandlingar med leverantörer krävas och kostnader för integrerade informationssystem kan uppstå. / Background: Companies can use a variety of distribution processes in order to deliver their products to their customers and all of these distribution processes results in different costs. The distribution costs are transport, handling, storage and information costs and these costs constitute a large share of the total product cost for many companies. Depending on how a company designs their distribution structure the resulting cost varies. There are also several factors that influence the design of a distribution structure, such as various customer requirements. When gathering these factors and costs in a framework it is possible to use the framework when making business decisions. Purpose: The purpose of the study is to develop a theoretical framework designed to choose a distribution structure. Furthermore, the framework will be applied on the case company in order to demonstrate how the framework can be applied on the case company and adapted to an industry. Lastly, possible savings for the case company will be demonstrated and an action plan for reaching these savings will be presented. Methodology: The study is a case study at the furniture retailer Svenssons i Lammhult. A current state map has been created through interviews and observations at the case company. Thereafter a theoretical framework for choosing a distribution structure has been developed, and by using the current state map, cost calculations for alternative distribution processes has been carried out on 30 selected products. Based on the cost calculations a new distribution structure and an action plan has been presented. Conclusions: The largest savings, about 2.000.000 SEK, can be achieved by a transition to direct delivery for home delivered products that are being ordered with products from a single supplier. Further cost savings can be achieved by distributing smaller products through pickup points instead of home delivery. To implement these changes the case company needs to negotiate with their suppliers and investigate costs for implementing integrated information systems with their suppliers.K