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Slavnostní vozy 16. - 18. století dochované ve sbírkách na území České republiky / The Ceremonial Carriages of 17 to 18 century as preserved in the Collections of the Czech RepublicFoltýnová, Marie January 2015 (has links)
The aim of this study is to offer a description and evaluation of the ceremonial carriages collections preserved in museums across Bohemia and Moravia, and to put them in the context of European artistic and artisan production in the 16th - 18th century. The study provides an overall account of the development of carriage from technical, as well as art history angle, together with the necessary overview of the issues of courtly hierarchies, ceremonials and visual demonstrations of the modern aristocracy, leading ultimately to the transformation of a simple personal mode of transport into a pompous work of art. Many important Baroque artists took part in carriage construction and decoration, and this study attempts to ascertain the extent of their contribution in this area. By presenting a descriptive summary of the history of the ceremonial carriages found in the collections in Bohemia and Moravia, and providing a comparison study with such carriages from other European countries, we can assert their position within the context of Europe-wide museum collections, as well as provide the opportunity for foreign scholars to take the Czech collections into account in their research.
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Colonização nasofaringeana por streptococcus pneumoniae: estudo lngitudinal em crianças menores de cinco anos de idadeMenezes, Ana Paula de Oliveira January 2014 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2014 / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, Brasil / Streptococcus pneumoniae é um dos agentes etiológicos mais importantes em infecções adquiridas na comunidade. Este patógeno coloniza o trato respiratório de indivíduos saudáveis, apresentando maior prevalência entre 1 e 2 anos de idade (aproximadamente 50%) e depois diminui com a idade adulta (aproximadamente 10%). A alta incidência das doenças pneumocócicas e a crescente resistência aos antimicrobianos, favoreceu a introdução das vacinas conjugadas (ano de 2000). Após a introdução das vacinas conjugadas foi observado à queda na incidência da doença pneumocócica e diminuição da prevalência de colonização por sorotipos vacinais. Em contrapartida vem sendo notado o aumento de casos de doença sorotipos não vacinais. Por isso a importância de verificar a dinâmica da colonização nasofaringeana por pneumococos em crianças < 5 anos de idade antes da introdução da vacina. Foram selecionadas radomicamente 203 crianças residentes da comunidade de Pau da Lima, Salvador, Bahia, das quais foi colhido a amostra nasofaringeana em quatro períodos durante um ano com intervalo de três a quatro meses entre cada coleta. No período de janeiro de 2008 a janeiro de 2009 foram colhidos um total de 721 swabs, sendo 398 positivos para pneumococos (56%). Os fatores de risco associados a colonização foram: aglomeração, contato com crianças menores de 2 anos de idade e presença de ITRS. Os sorotipos vacinais mais prevalentes foram o 6A/B, 19F, 14, 23F e 18. O sorotipo 19F foi o segundo mais prevalente e associado com a não susceptibilidade à penicilina. Dezesseis isolados do sorotipo 19F foram não tipáveis (NT) pelo método de multiplex PCR; sendo identificados apenas quando submetidos a reação de Quellung. Por isso, foi desenvolvido um novo primer para identificação deste sorotipo. Entre os sorotipos não vacinais os mais prevalentes foram o 16F, 15B/C, 6C e 34. A não susceptibilidade a penicilina e TMP/SMX foi de 38,5% e 58,0%, respectivamente. Pode-se observar que 91% dessas crianças estiveram colonizadas pelo menos uma vez durante o seguimento e que sorotipos não vacinais (34 e 15B/C) persistiram colonizando a mesma criança em mais de uma coleta. Ao longo do estudo, clones internacionais foram identificados na comunidade como o “Spain9V-3” (ST 156) e “Portugal 19F-21” (ST 177), relacionados com a não susceptibilidade a penicilina. O monitoramento da dinâmica da colonização pós-vacina é importante para a adequação da prevenção na era das vacinas conjugadas com limitado número de sorotipos. / Streptococcus pneumoniae is one of the most important etiologic agents in community-acquired infections. This pathogen colonizes the respiratory tract of healthy individuals shortly after birth, with higher prevalence of between 1 and 2 years of age (approximately 50%) and then decreases with age reaching adult rates below 10%. The high incidence and increasing antimicrobial resistance, favored the introduction of conjugate vaccines in 2000. After the introduction of conjugate vaccines a decreasing incidence of pneumococcal disease and carriage rates by vaccine serotypes was observed. In contrast we observe an increase in number of cases of disease and carriage by non-vaccine serotypes. Thus, this study aims to determine the dynamics of nasopharyngeal colonization by pneumococci in children <5 years of age after introduced the conjugate vaccine. A total of 203 children were random selected at the community of Pau da Lima in Salvador, Bahia, of whom the nasopharyngeal swab was collected in four periods with interval of 3 to 4 months between each collection. A total of 721 swabs were collected from January 2008 to January 2009, with 398 positive for pneumococci (56%). Risk factors associated with colonization were: crowding, contact with children lower than 2 years old and the presence of URTI. and The most prevalent vaccine serotype were 6A / B, 19F, 14; 23F and 18. The serotype 19F was the second most prevalent and associated with non-susceptibility to penicillin. Sixteen isolates of serotype 19F were nontypeable (NT) by the method of multiplex PCR; being identified only when submitted to Quellung reaction. Therefore, we developed a new primer to identify this serotype. The most prevalent non-vaccine serotypes were 16F, 15B / C, 6C and 34. The non-susceptibility to penicillin and TMP / SMX was 38.5% and 58.0%, respectively. It can be seen that 91% of the children were colonized at least once during follow-up and non-vaccine serotypes (34 and 15B / C) persisted colonizing the same child on more the one collection. Throughout the study, international clones were identified circulating at this community as the Spain9V-3 (ST 156) and Portugal 19F-21 (ST 177), all related with non-susceptibility to penicillin. The monitoring of the dynamics of post-vaccine colonization is important for the adequacy of prevention in the era of conjugated vaccines with limited repertoire of serotypes.
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Efeito da vacina pneumocócica 10-valente em eventos de colonização nasofaríngea em crianças na cidade de Salvador-Bahia.Santos, Milena Soares dos January 2015 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2015 / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, Brasil / Streptococcus pneumoniae é uma bactéria patogênica que afeta crianças e idosos em todo o mundo, sendo responsável por elevada morbidade e mortalidade, especialmente nos países em desenvolvimento onde o acesso às vacinas pneumocócicas conjugadas (PCVs) é limitado. A colonização da nasofaringe precede o desenvolvimento de infecções e as crianças são o principal reservatório deste patógeno na comunidade. As vacinas pneumocócicas conjugadas reduzem a taxa de colonização e de doenças causadas por sorotipos vacinais, entretanto, pouco se sabe sobre seu efeito em eventos na substituição de sorotipos. Os objetivos deste estudo foram determinar o efeito da vacina pneumocócica conjugada 10-valente (PCV10) na colonização nasofaríngea por pneumococos em crianças menores que um ano, saudáveis e que apresentaram doença crônica ou desordem imunológica nos períodos pré- e pós esquema vacinal primário entre maio de 2011 a janeiro de 2014 e determinar a influência desta vacina na distribuição de sorotipos, da susceptibilidade antimicrobiana e do perfil genotípico dos pneumococos. Foram investigadas 168 crianças, sendo 63 do grupo de portadores de doenças clínicas (Grupo I) e 105 do grupo de crianças sadias (Grupo II). O isolamento, a identificação e a avaliação da resistência antimicrobiana do pneumococo foram realizados através de técnicas microbiológicas convencionais. A determinação dos sorotipos capsulares foi realizada através das técnicas de reação de polimerase em cadeia multiplex e reação de Quellung. A taxa de colonização pneumocócica total foi de 24%, sendo 17% (11/63) e 28% (29/105) para os grupos I e II, respectivamente. Convívio com crianças menores que 6 anos no mesmo domicílio mostrou associação com colonização para o grupo I [OR= 8,36 (IC95%= 1,69-44,70); p=0.004 enquanto que renda foi associada a risco para crianças do grupo II [(OR=3,22; IC95%= 1,22-8,64; p=0,01]. Os sorogrupos/tipos identificados com maior frequência foram: 23F (10%), 19F e 15B/15C (7,5%) e cepas não tipáveis (15%), Após a 3 ª dose da vacina houve uma redução de 7% para 5% na taxa de colonização por sorotipos vacinais e um aumento de três vezes na probabilidade de colonização por sorotipos não vacinais (7% para 21%). Identificamos 17% de não susceptibilidade à penicilina. Os sorotipos PCV10 associados com um ST foram os sorotipos 19F (ST177) e 23F (ST338) e os não associados a PCV10 foram os seguintes: 11A/11D (ST62 e ST408), 15A/15F (ST73), 15B/15C (ST766), 23A (ST42) e 23B (ST727). Os resultados demonstram que três doses da PCV10 reduzem ou estabilizam a colonização por sorotipos vacinais, a despeito da colonização pelos sorogrupos/tipos vacinais 6A/6B, 14 e 23F e destaca-se a colonização por sorotipos não vacinais (6C<7C<13<23A<23B<15A/15F<15B/15C<11A/11D) e cepas não tipáveis, independente do grupo de crianças avaliadas. Embora não tenha sido avaliado o efeito da PCV10 após a 4ª dose da vacina neste estudo, ressaltamos a importância da manutenção da dose de reforço no calendário vacinal do programa nacional de imunizações para que a proteção contra os sorotipos oferecida pela vacina seja alcançada. Estudos epidemiológicos devem continuar para monitorar a taxa de colonização de pneumococos circulantes no período pós-vacinal, bem como as taxas de não susceptibilidade aos antimicrobianos que são essenciais para o direcionamento das estratégias de saúde pública no manejo clínico e prevenção das doenças pneumocócicas. / Streptococcus pneumoniae is a pathogenic bacterium that affects children and elderly throughout the world, accounting for high morbidity and mortality, especially in developing countries where acess to pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) is limited. Nasopharyngeal colonization precedes the development of infections and children are the main reservoir of this pathogen in the community. The pneumococcal conjugate vaccine has been effective in reducing colonization and disease by vaccine serotypes, however, little is known about its effect on the overall rate of colonization due to serotypes replacement events. The study aims to evaluate the effect of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on nasopharyngeal carriage in children younger than one years old, healthy, suffering from crhonic diseases or immune disorders during vaccine primary immunization with PCV-10 between may 2011 and jaanuary 2014 and the influence of this vaccine in the distribution of serotypes, antimicrobial susceptibility and genotypic profile of pneumococcus. A total of 168 children were enrolled, 63 with chronic diseases (Group I) and 105 of the group of healthy children (Group II). The isolation, identification and evaluation of antimicrobial resistance of pneumococci were made using conventional microbiological techniques. The determination of capsular serotypes was performed using the multiplex-PCR and/or Quellung reaction. Overal, the pneumococcal colonization rate was 24%, being 17% (11/63) and 28% (29/105) to group I and II, respectively. Living with children aged up to six 6 years in the same household was associated with colonization in group I[OR= 8,36 (CI95%= 1,69-44,70); p=0.004] and income was associated with risk for children in group II [(OR=3,22; IC95%= 1,22-8,64; p=0,01]. The most frequently serotypes identified were: 23F (10%), 15B/15C (7,5%) and nontypeable strains (15%). A total of 28% (11/40) of serotypes identified in both groups are represented in PCV10. After the 3rd dose of vaccine was reduced from 7% to 5% in vaccine serotypes colonization rate and a three-fold increase in the probability of colonization by serotypes not represented in the PCV-10 (7% to 21%). Penicillin nonsusceptibility was identified in 17% of the isolates. PCV10 serotypes associated with a ST serotypes were 19F (ST177) and 23F (ST338) and not associated with PCV10 were 11A/11D (ST62 and ST408), 15A/15F (ST73), 15B/15C (ST766), 23A (ST42) and 23B (ST727). The results demonstrate that three doses of PCV10 stabilizes or reduces colonization by the vaccine serotypes, regardless of colonization by vaccines types 6A/6B, 14 and 23F and highlight the rates of colonization by non vaccine serotypes (6C<7C<13<23A<23B<15A/15F<15B/15C<11A/11D) and nontypeable pneumococcal, independent of the study group. Although this study was not evaluated the effect of PCV10 after the 4th dose of the vaccine, we emphasize the importance of booster dose of maintenance in the immunization schedule of the national immunization program for the protection offered by the vaccine serotypes is achieved. Epidemiological studies should continue to monitor the rate of colonization of pneumococci circulating in the post-vaccine period and antimicrobial non-susceptibility rates that are essential for the targeting of public health strategies in the clinical management and prevention of pneumococcal diseases.
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Effects of Load and Walking Conditions on Dynamic Stability Using Longitudinal Wearable DataJanuary 2017 (has links)
abstract: Fall accident is a significant problem associated with our society both in terms of economic losses and human suffering [1]. In 2016, more than 800,000 people were hospitalized and over 33,000 deaths resulted from falling. Health costs associated with falling in 2016 yielded at 33% of total medical expenses in the US- mounting to approximately $31 billion per year. As such, it is imperative to find intervention strategies to mitigate deaths and injuries associated with fall accidents. In order for this goal to be realized, it is necessary to understand the mechanisms associated with fall accidents and more specifically, the movement profiles that may represent the cogent behavior of the locomotor system that may be amendable to rehabilitation and intervention strategies. In this light, this Thesis is focused on better understanding the factors influencing dynamic stability measure (as measured by Lyapunov exponents) during over-ground ambulation utilizing wireless Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU).
Four pilot studies were conducted: the First study was carried out to verify if IMU system was sophisticated enough to determine different load-carrying conditions. Second, to test the effects of walking inclinations, three incline levels on gait dynamic stability were examined. Third, tested whether different sections from the total gait cycle can be stitched together to assess LDS using the laboratory collected data. Finally, the fourth study examines the effect of “stitching” the data on dynamic stability measure from a longitudinally assessed (3-day continuous data collection) data to assess the effects of free-range data on assessment of dynamic stability.
Results indicated that load carrying significantly influenced dynamic stability measure but not for the floor inclination levels – indicating that future use of such measure should further implicate normalization of dynamic stability measures associated with different activities and terrain conditions. Additionally, stitching method was successful in obtaining dynamic stability measure utilizing free-living IMU data. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Biomedical Engineering 2017
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Uso de técnicas moleculares para determinação de Streptococcus pneumoniae e sorotipos colonizadores da nasofaringe na era pós-vacinal / Using molecular techniques for Streptococcus pneumoniae and nasopharyngeal colonizer serotypes determination in the postvaccine eraGarcia, Weslley José Moreira 23 January 2013 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2013-01-23 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / Brazil was the first country to introduce the pneumococcal conjugate 10valent
vaccine into the National Immunization Program for infants, in 2010. The
nasopharyngeal colonization by Streptococcus pneumoniae occurs early in life. It is the
first step for the development of invasive diseases. So far no study has evaluated the
impact of vaccination on the reduction on pneumococcal carriage. The evaluation of the
impact of vaccination should based on technologies with high accuracy. In this
investigation we applied molecular technologies, recently developed, to ascertain
pneumococcal nasopharyngeal colonization and serotypes. Objectives: (i) to compare
the prevalence of S. pneumoniae nasopharyngeal colonization by using real-time PCR
(RT-PCR) and multiplex PCR, and culture (“gold standard”) in children residing in
Goiania municipality; (ii) to evaluate the simultaneous colonization by different
serotypes by using the multiplex PCR technique. Methods: A household populationbased
survey was carried out between October/2010 and March/2011 by using a
systematic sampling, weighted by census tract. Based on previous studies, the sample
size was calculated taking into account an estimated 50% of pneumocococcal carriage.
A total of 1,437 nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from children less than 24
months of age. Broth-enriched culture of nasopharynx specimens followed by
pneumococcal isolation by both, culture and RT-PCR targeting the lytA gene (S.
pneumoniae) were performed. Pneumococcal carriage was defined for RT-PCR Cycle
threshold (Ct) < 35.0, and therefore all samples were submitted to multiplex PCR to
detect serotypes. ROC curve (Receiver Operating Characteristics) were built up to
identify Ct values predicted of S. pneumoniae positive culture. Results: The prevalence
of pneumococcal carriage by RT-PCR (56.9%) was statistically higher (p< 0,001),
compared to that obtained by culture (39.3%), regardless of the vaccination status.
Among the 818 positive children/samples by RT-PCR, in 54.2% of them it was possible
to detect the serotype. Simultaneous colonization by different types was found in 6.9%
of the children. Ct values Ct33.0 showed the best accuracy (91.4%) to predict positive
pneumococcal culture (Sensitivity=88% and Specificity=81.2%). When using Ct values
32.0 we found the best accuracy of multiplex PCR in detecting serotypes (Sensitivity
=90% and Specificity =84,7%). Conclusion: Our findings suggest that RT-PCR and
multiplex PCR techniques showed great potential to be used in evaluating the
vaccination impact. Further studies are needed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of
using these technologies on a large scale. / O Brasil foi o primeiro pais a introduzir a vacina pneumocócica conjugada,
10-valente (PCV10), no Programa de Imunização infantil, em 2010. A colonização
nasofaringeana pelo Streptococcus pneumoniae ocorre na infância e é etapa obrigatória
para desenvolvimento da doença invasiva. Até o momento nenhum estudo avaliou o
impacto da vacinação na redução do estado de portador. Para avaliação do impacto de
vacinas deve-se utilizar tecnologias de alta acurácia. Este estudo utiliza técnicas
moleculares, recentemente desenvolvidas, para detecção de pneumococo e sorotipos de
secreção nasofaringeana.Objetivos: (i) Comparar a prevalência de colonização
nasofaringeana por S. pneumoniae pelas técnicas de PCR em tempo real (RT-PCR) e
cultura (―padrão-ouro‖) em crianças residentes em Goiânia no primeiro ano de
introdução da PCV10; (ii) avaliar a colonização simultânea por pneumococo por
diferentes sorotipos por meio da reação de PCR multiplex. Métodos: Um inquérito
populacional domiciliar foi conduzido de outubro/2010 a março/2011, com coleta de
1.437 swabs nasofaríngeos de crianças < 24 meses de idade. A amostragem foi
sistemática, ponderada por setor censitário, com tamanho da amostra calculado para
prevalência esperada de 50% de portador. O isolamento do pneumococo foi realizado a
partir do caldo enriquecido (meio STGG). A cultura foi realizada pela semeadura do
caldo em placas de Agar sangue de carneiro. A RT-PCR foi direcionada para o gene
lytA do pneumococo, utilizando como positividade valores do ciclo da PCR (Ct-Cycle
threshold) <35,0. A reação de PCR multiplex para sorotipagem foi realizada para
amostras com valores de Ct<35,0. Foram construídas curvas ROC (Receiver Operating
Characteristics) para identificação de valores de Ct preditivos de cultura positiva e de
tipo capsular. Resultados: A prevalência de pneumococo obtida pela RT-PCR foi de
56,9%, estatisticamente maior do que a prevalência de 39,3% obtida pela cultura (p<
0,001), independente da situação vacinal da criança. Dentre as 818 crianças positivas
pela RT-PCR, em 54,2% delas foi possível detectar-se o tipo capsular. Cocolonização
por diferentes sorotipos foi encontrada em 6,9% (100/1.437) das crianças. Valores de
Ct33,0 apresentaram a melhor acurácia (91,4%) na predição de cultura positiva para
pneumococo (sensibilidade/S=88% e especificidade/E=81,2%). Para detecção de
sorotipos a melhor acurácia da PCR multiplex foi para valores de Ct32,0 (S=90% e
E=84,7%). Conclusão: Os resultados sugerem que as técnicas de PCR em tempo real e
multiplex apresentam grande potencial para serem utilizadas em estudos de avaliação de
impacto da vacinação, respectivamente no portador e nos sorotipos vacinais. Estudos
deverão ser conduzidos para se avaliar o custo-benefício da utilização desta tecnologia
em larga escala.
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Práva cestujícího při přepravě po železnici / Rights of a passenger in railway transportMaginec, Jan January 2016 (has links)
Rights of a passenger in railway transport The contract of carriage represents one of the most frequent contracts and its legal basis is based on Art. 2550 of Act No. 89/2012 Coll., Civil Code. The contracting parties of the contract of carriage are a transporter and a passenger. The transporter is contracted to carry the passenger to the final destination and the passenger pays the fare for the service. The passenger is in the position of the consumer and weaker party. Therefore, it is necessary to focus on the rights of passengers that are based not only on the provisions of Civil Code, but also on the rules of carriage and on the general conditions of the transporter. This thesis focuses on the description, classification, evaluation and comparison of these rights in Czech and French legal orders. Integral part of the thesis is also the legislation of the European Union and visions to the future, as well as the proposals de lege ferenda. The thesis is divided into seven chapters with the introduction as the chapter one and the conclusion as the chapter seven. The second chapter points out the definition of terms and notions that are bound to the railway transportation. This chapter also includes the incorporation of the railway transport in the context of the transport in general and the classification...
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Der CRP-Wert zum Zeitpunkt der Dialysekatheter-Implantation als Risikofaktor für die Entwicklung einer Katheter-assoziierten Komplikation / The CRP value at the time of implantation of permanent hemodialysis catheter as risk factor for the development of a catheter-related complicationDelistefani, Fani 29 November 2017 (has links)
No description available.
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Úloha nákladního listu CMR v přepravních službách / The Role of Waybill CMR in Transportation ServicesVacek, Tomáš January 2011 (has links)
The first part of this thesis is devoted to the General Convention of CMR, CMR consignment note, obligatory data which are necessary to write in and to the parties acting on the transport market. The second part will focus on the carrier's liability as same as liability of other parties, insurance carrier's liability for loss, damage or destruction of the consignment, lapse, complaint and insurance. This issue will be demonstrated and will discuss with the court decisions. The next section will be described and analyzed electronic CMR. This section tries to evaluate the positives and negatives of its use in practice and its future. In particular, this part will be engaged in research which has implemented among members by the International Road Transport Union.
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Konstrukční návrh manipulačního zařízení ve výrobě pneumatik / Design of Tyre Production Line Manipulation EquipmentSolař, Adam January 2019 (has links)
The subject of this diploma thesis is to design a new construction of the machinery, which is used for manipulation with tire carts in rubber industry. The reason for the new design is to eliminate the main shortcomings of the existing provision. The aim of this project was to elaborate an overview of the current designs of the handling equipment in question and to subsequently construct a new suitable design solution. In addition, several conceptual calculations were needed to be used in the selection of the appropriate electric motor, transmission, pneumatic cylinders and wiring. The relevant parts were designed using structural FEM analyses. The several variants of the solutions were considered for a suitable construction design. Based on these FEM simulations, the relevant parts have been modified in terms of geometry so that the resulting manipulating machinery meets all the criteria, especially regarding safety.
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Odpovědnost dopravce v silniční přepravě zboží / The liability of the carrier in road carriage of goodsGlazunov, Pavel January 2020 (has links)
The liability of the carrier in road carriage of goods Abstract This dissertation deals with contractual relations and liabilities between parties of carriage and freight forwarding contracts in domestic and international road carriage of goods.The work offers detailed analysis of current legislation (up to 31. 12. 2018) and examines judicial and doctrinal outcomes in national and international - namely German, Austrian and Slovakian - context. The first part answers selected questions of freight forwarding contracts as set forth in the civil code. A special focus is given to freight forwarder's liability for loss and damage of forwarded goods, and other damages caused by a breach of contract. The work also looks at the change of legal and liability status of the freight forwarder enabled by their right to act as a carrier or failing to meet their obligations toward the principal. In offering a comparison between freight forwarding and carriage contracts, this work stresses the common practice of mixing up their obligations, answering questions of legal interpretation and offering a framework for practical application of the contracts. The work further offers a thorough analysis of transport regulation as set forth in the civil code as well as the CMR Convention. It focuses specifically on receiving and...
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