Submitted by Irene Nascimento (irene.kessia@ufpe.br) on 2016-10-13T19:12:36Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação de Mestrado PPEQ - Alexsandro Fausto de Araújo.pdf: 3235090 bytes, checksum: e4c74119c72ea3471a47fb36a515e632 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-13T19:12:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação de Mestrado PPEQ - Alexsandro Fausto de Araújo.pdf: 3235090 bytes, checksum: e4c74119c72ea3471a47fb36a515e632 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1998-11-13 / Com a crescente exigência dos mercados e da sociedade por produtos derivados do petróleo cada vez mais livres de contaminantes que prejudicam o meio ambiente e a qualidade dos mesmos, os parques de refino de petróleo vêm investindo cada vez mais em tecnologias que permitam uma produção mais limpa, rentável e econômica. Desse modo, O hidrotratamento tem assumido um papel cada vez mais importante dentro das refinarias, sendo aplicado em diversos cortes do petróleo, desde os mais leves até os mais pesados. O hidrotratamento consiste na adição de hidrogênio na carga a ser hidrotratada com o propósito de, através de reações de hidrogenação, reduzir ou eliminar os componentes contaminantes presentes na carga, como o enxofre, nitrogênio, oxigênio, olefinas, diolefinas e metais. A adição de hidrogênio é feita em cocorrente descendente, onde a carga e o hidrogênio entram misturados e pré aquecidos no topo do reator a uma razão pré-definida (Razão H2/Carga), sendo esta forma a mais utilizada em escala industrial devido aos seus inúmeros benefícios. O foco da unidade de HDT é o reator, pois é nele que os contaminantes são removidos da carga. O tipo de reator mais utilizado é o de leito fixo (Trickle Bed Reactor - TBR). A nafta é a principal matéria prima do setor petroquímico nacional, de modo que todas as unidades instaladas são baseadas nela. A partir dela são produzidos os componentes da primeira geração do setor petroquímico. O HDT de nafta ainda é um tema pouco explorado mas que vem recebendo maior importância nos últimos anos. Por isso, este trabalho foi desenvolvido sobre esse tema, construindo e simulando modelos dinâmicos de reatores de leito fixo, com alimentação em cocorrente de uma unidade reacional de HDT de nafta, composta por um reator trifásico de conversão de diolefinas, utilizado para o pré-tratamento da nafta de coqueamento retardado e dois reatores bifásicos (G-S) de HDT de nafta, dispostos em série com resfriamento por quenchs independentes entre os leitos dos reatores e entre os reatores, para a redução de teores de enxofre, nitrogênio e olefinas presentes na nafta através das reações de hidrodessulfurização, hidrodesnitrogenação e saturação de olefinas. Foram construídos dois programas em ambiente MATLAB®, um para simular o reator trifásico de conversão diolefinas e outro para os reatores bifásicos de HDT de nafta, ambos simularam correntes de alimentação de nafta com diferentes níveis de contaminação, para que fossem avaliados os efeitos. Os programas simularam os perfis dinâmicos das temperaturas das fases envolvidas e das concentrações dos contaminantes e hidrogênio. Os resultados obtidos para o reator de conversão de diolefinas e os reatores de HDT de nafta se mostraram bem coerentes com relação aos fenômenos envolvidos. O reator de conversão de diolefinas atingiu o estado estacionário aos 80 minutos e os reatores de HDT de nafta aos 2 minutos, com os teores de contaminantes próximos de zero na saída do reator. Os resultados das simulações realizadas para os dois tipos de nafta apresentaram perfis dinâmicos semelhantes diferindo apenas quanto à temperatura mais elevada atingida no início do primeiro reator de HDT de nafta no caso da nafta com maior teor de contaminação. / With the growing demand of markets and society by oil products increasingly free of contaminants that harm the environment and their quality, oil refining plants have been increasingly investing in technologies to cleaner production, profitable and economical. Thus, the hydrotreating has assumed an increasingly important role in the refinery and is used in many petroleum cuts, from the lightest to the heaviest. The hydrotreating is the addition of hydrogen in the load to be hydrotreated in order to, via hydrogenation reactions, reduce or eliminate the contaminating components present in the load, such as sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen, olefins, diolefins and metals. The addition of hydrogen is done in descending current, where load and hydrogen enter mixed and pre heated at the top of the reactor to a pre-defined (ratio H2/Oil), and this way the most used at industrial scale due to its numerous benefits. The focus of the HDT unit is the reactor, because that is where the contaminants are removed from the load. The most used type of reactor is the fixed bed (Trickle Bed Reactor - TBR). Naphtha is the main raw material of the national petrochemical industry, so that all installed units are based on it. From there, the components of the first generation of the petrochemical industry are produced. The naphtha HDT is still a subject little explored but it's getting more important in recent years. Therefore, this study was conducted on this issue, building and simulating dynamic models of fixed bed reactors with feed in cocurrente of a reactional unit of HDT naphtha, consisting of a three-phase reactor diolefins conversion, used for pretreatment naphtha delayed coking and two dual-phase reactors (G-S) naphtha HDT arranged in series with cooling by independent quenchs between beds of the reactor and between the reactors to reduce contents of sulfur, nitrogen and olefins present in the naphtha through reactions of hydrodesulfurization, hidrodesnitrogenação and saturation of olefins. Were built two programs in MATLAB®, one to simulate the three-phase reactor diolefins conversion and one for the dual-phase reactors naphtha HDT, both simulated currents naphtha feed with different levels of contamination, so that the effects are assessed. The simulated programs dynamic profiles of the temperatures of the phases involved and the concentrations of contaminants and hydrogen. The results obtained for diolefins conversion reactor and the reactors of naphtha HDT were well consistent with relation to the phenomena involved. The diolefins conversion reactor reached steady state at 80 minutes and the HDT reactors naphtha after 2 minutes, with near zero contaminant levels in the reactor output. The results of simulation performed for the two types of naphtha showed similar dynamic profiles differing only as to the highest temperature reached at the beginning of the first naphtha HDT reactor in the case of naphtha higher contamination level.

La contribution des sources d'énergie renouvelables dans le mix de la production d'électricité augmente largement. De ce fait, l'intégration des technologies de stockage d'énergie dans le réseau électrique devient inévitable afin de remédier aux inconvénients des sources renouvelables. Ainsi, l'objectif de cette thèse est d'évaluer la rentabilité, d'optimiser et d'étudier le comportement dynamique d'un cycle adiabatique de stockage d'énergie par air comprimé fonctionnant à pression fixe (IA-CAES). Ce système est caractérisé d'une part par la récupération de la chaleur de compression et d'autre part par le stockage d'air comprimé sous pression fixe dans des réservoirs hydropneumatiques. Ceux-ci permettent d'améliorer l'efficacité et la densité énergétiques du système de stockage et d'éviter l'utilisation de sources d'énergie fossiles.Tout d'abord, un modèle statique est développé pour achever des analyses énergétiques et exergétique du système IA-CAES. Un modèle exergoéconomique est également réalisé dans le but d'optimiser la rentabilité du système de stockage en utilisant un algorithme génétique. Ainsi, une fonction objective, qui prend en compte le coût d'investissement et le coût d'exploitation, est définie pour être minimisée. L'efficacité du système est de 55,1% dans le cas de base, elle est améliorée à 56,6% après optimisation avec une diminution du capital investi de 5,6%.D'autre part, un modèle dynamique est développé pour étudier la flexibilité du système de stockage et sa capacité à répondre aux besoins du réseau électrique (réserves primaires et secondaires) en évaluant la durée des phases transitoires. Les résultats montrent que le système de stockage a besoin d’un temps supérieur à 2 min avant de pouvoir consommer tout l'excès d'énergie disponible sur le réseau électrique et supérieur à 5 min avant d'être capable de produire toute l'énergie requise par le réseau électrique. Des suggestions sont analysées dans l'objectif d'améliorer la flexibilité du système de stockage tel que le fonctionnement du système en mode de veille avec des vitesses réduites. Il permet de réduire les pertes d'énergie de 68% en mode de stockage et de 27% en mode de production par rapport au mode de veille en vitesses nominales. / The contribution of the renewable energy sources in the electricity generation mix is greatly increasing. Thereby, the integration of the energy storage technologies into the electrical grid is becoming crucial to reduce the drawbacks of the renewable energy sources. Then, the objective of this thesis is to evaluate the cost-effectiveness, to optimize and to study the transient behavior of a novel isobaric adiabatic compressed air energy storage (IA-CAES) system. This plant is characterized by the recovery of the compression heat and the storage of the compressed air under fixed pressure in hydro-pneumatic tanks. These allow improving the efficiency and the energy density of the storage system and avoiding the use of fossil fuel sources.Firstly, a steady state model is developed to perform energy and exergy analyses of the IA-CAES system. An exergoeconomic model is also carried out in order to optimize the cost-effectiveness of the storage system by using a genetic algorithm. So, an objective function, which includes the investment cost and the operating cost, is defined to be minimized. The system efficiency is 55.1% in the base case, it is improved to 56.6% after optimization with a decrease in the capital investment by 5.6%.Secondly, a dynamic model is developed to study the flexibility of the storage system and its ability to meet the electrical grid requirements (primary and secondary reserves) by evaluating the duration of the transient states. The results show that the storage system needs more than 2 min before being able to consume all the excess energy available on the electrical grid and more than 5 min before being able to produce all the energy required by the electrical grid. Suggestions are analyzed to improve the flexibility of the storage system such as the operation of the storage system in standby mode with low speeds. It allows reducing the energy losses by 68% during the storage mode and by 27% during the production mode compared to the standby mode in nominal speeds.

Pour répondre à la demande mondiale croissante en huile et en protéines, le tournesol apparaît comme une culture très compétitive grâce à la diversification de ses débouchés et son attractivité environnementale et nutritionnelle. Pourtant, les teneurs en huile et protéines sont soumises à des effets génotypiques et environnementaux qui les rendent fluctuantes et difficilement prédictibles. Nous argumentons qu’une meilleure connaissance des effets les plus importants et leurs interactions devrait permettre de mieux prédire ces teneurs. Deux approches de modélisation ont été développées. Dans la première, trois modèles statistiques ont été construits puis comparés à un modèle simple existant. L’approche dynamique est basée sur l’analyse des relations source-puits au champ et en serre (2011 et 2012) pendant le remplissage. Les performances et domaines de validité des deux types de modélisation sont comparés. / Considering the growing global demand for oil and protein, sunflower appears as a highly competitive crop, thanks to the diversification of its markets and environmental attractiveness and health. Yet the protein and oil contents are submitted to genotypic and environmental effects that make them fluctuating and hardly predictable. We argue that a better knowledge of most important effects and their interactions should permit to improve prediction. Two modeling approaches are proposed: statistical one, where we compared three types of statistical models with a simple existing one. The dynamic approach is based on source-sink relationships analysis (field and greenhouse experiments in 2011 and 2012) during grain filling. Performances of both modeling types and their validity domain are compared.

La robotisation des procédés d’usinage suscite l’intérêt des industriels en raison du grand espace de travail et le faible coût des robots par rapport aux machines-outils conventionnelles et la possibilité d’usiner des pièces de formes complexes. Cependant, la faible rigidité de la structure robotique favorise le déclenchement de phénomènes dynamiques liés à l’usinage sollicitant le robot en bout de l’outil qui dégradent la qualité de surface de la pièce usinée. L’objectif de ces travaux de thèse est de caractériser le comportement dynamique des robots en usinage. Ces travaux ont suivi une démarche en trois étapes : La modélisation d’un premier modèle considéré de référence où le robot est au repos. Ensuite l’identification du comportement dynamique du robot en service. Enfin, l’exploitation des modèles dynamiques du robot en vue de prédire la stabilité de coupe. L’originalité de ces travaux porte sur le développement des méthodes d’identification modale opérationnelles. Elles permettent d’intégrer les conditions réelles d’usinage et d’élaborer des modèles plus précis que le premier modèle de connaissance sans être biaisés par l’effet des harmoniques de rotation de l’outil. Enfin, des préconisations sur le choix de configurations du robot et sur la direction des forces d’excitation sont proposées pour assurer la stabilité de la coupe lors de l’usinage robotisé. / Machining robots have major advantages over cartesian machine tools because of their flexibility, their ability to reach inaccessible areas on a complex part, and their important workspace. However, their lack of rigidity and precision is still a limit for precision tasks. The stresses generated by the cutting forces and inertia are important and cause static and dynamic deformations of the structure which result in problems of workpiece surface. The aim of the thesis work is to characterize the dynamic behavior of robots during machining operation. This work followed a three-step approach : Modeling a first model considered as a reference where the robot is at rest. Then the identification of the dynamic behavior in service. Finally, the prediction of the cutting stability using the robot dynamic model. The originality of this work is the development of new operational modal identification methods. They integrate the machining conditions and result into a more accurate model than the first model of reference without being biased by harmonics. Finally, guidlines of robot’s configurations and excitation forces’ direction are proposed to ensure the robotic machining stability.

As the most commonly diseased valve of the heart, the mitral valve has been the subject of extensive research for many years. Prior research has focused on the development of surgical repair techniques and mainly consists of in vivo clinical studies into the efficacy and long-term effects of different procedures. There is a need for a means of studying the mitral valve ex vivo, incorporating patient data and the effects of different repair techniques on the valve prior to surgery. In this study, a method was developed for reconstructing the mitral valve from patient-specific data. Three-dimensional transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography (3D-TTE and 3D-TEE) were used to obtain ultrasound images from a normal subject and a patient with mitral valve regurgitation. Geometric information was extracted from the images defining the primary structures of the mitral valve and a special program in MATLAB was created to automatically construct a finite element model of a valve. A dynamic finite element analysis solver, LS-DYNA 971, was used to simulate the dynamics of the valves and the non-linear, anisotropic behaviour of biological tissue. The two models were successful in simulating the dynamics of the mitral valve, with the subject model displaying normal function and the patient model showing the dysfunction displayed in the ultrasound images. A method was then developed to modify the original patient model, in a way that maintains its patient-specific nature, to model mitral valve repair. Four mitral valve repair techniques were simulated using the patient model: the annuloplasty ring, the double-orifice Alfieri stitch, the paracommissural Alfieri stitch, and the quadrangular resection. The former was coupled with the other three techniques, as is standard protocol in mitral valve repair. The effects of these techniques on the mitral valve were successfully determined, with varying degrees of improvement in valve function.

[pt] Nesta tese, propomos quatro modelos dinâmicos para ajudar as seguradoras e fundos de pensão a medir e gerencias seus fatores de risco e seus planos de anuidade. Nos primeiros dois ensaios, propomos modelos de previsão de ganhos de longevidade de uma população, que é um importante fator de risco. No primeiro artigo, um modelo de séries temporais multivariado usando a abordagem SUTSE (seemingly unrelated time series equation) é proposto para prever ganhos de longevidade e taxas de mortalidade. No segundo artigo, um modelo estrutural multivariado com tendências estocásticas comuns é proposto para prever os ganhos de longevidade de uma população com uma curta série temporal de taxas de mortalidade, usando as informações de uma população relacionada, para qual uma longa série temporal de taxas de mortalidade é disponível. No terceiro artigo, outro importante fator de risco é modelado – taxas de cancelamento. Apresentamos um modelo estocástico multiestágio para previsão das taxas de cancelamento usando simulação de Monte Carlo depois de uma sequência de ajustes GLM, ARMA-GARCH e cópula multivariada ser executada. No quarto artigo, assumindo a necessidade de se avaliar as opções embutidas para manter a solvência dos planos de anuidade, propomos um modelo para mensuração das opções embutidas nos planos unit-linkeds brasileiros. / [en] In this thesis we propose four dynamic models to help life insurers and pension plans to measure and manage their risk factors and annuity plans. In the first two essays, we propose models to forecast longevity gains of a population, which is an important risk factor. In the first paper, a multivariate time series model using the seemingly unrelated time series equation (SUTSE) framework is proposed to forecast longevity gains and mortality rates. In the second paper, a multivariate structural time series model with common stochastic trends is proposed to forecast longevity gains of a population with a short time series of observed mortality rates, using the information of a related population for which longer mortality time series exist. In the third paper, another important risk factor is modeled – surrender rates. We propose a multi-stage stochastic model to forecast them using Monte Carlo simulation after a sequence of GLM, ARMA-GARCH and multivariate copula fitting is executed. Assuming the importance of the embedded options valuation to maintain the solvency of annuity plans, in the fourth paper we propose a model for evaluating the value of embedded options in the Brazilian unit-linked plans.

The ASME 2014 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems (SMASIS) was held from 8-10 September 2014 in Newport, Rhode Island. The scope of the Conference covers intelligent, flexible, adaptive materials and systems that respond to changes in the environment to perform in the most profitable way. Scientific strides and technological maturity in the field are linked to the interdisciplinary efforts at universities, government and industry. SMASIS aims at assembling world experts across engineering and scientific disciplines such as mechanical, aerospace, electrical, materials, and civil engineering, as well as biology, physics and chemistry, to discuss the latest findings and trends in this fruitful area of research.

No description available.

Support for this work from Praxair; the McMaster Advanced Control Consortium; and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC), Grant CRDPJ 445717, is gratefully acknowledged. / In the air separation industry, cryogenic distillation is the dominant technology for separating large quantities of air into individual high purity component products. Due to the complexity of the process, in addition to significant energy input, air separation units (ASUs) also have high degrees of material and thermal integration and low process agility. As markets become more competitive and dynamic, especially after electricity market deregulation, ASUs can no longer practice mostly stationary operations, and are in need for design and control strategies to achieve high adaptability. In this study, we address such issues through a dynamic optimization framework. The use of rigorous dynamic models is important for developing economically beneficial designs and operating practices. The first part of this study focuses on the modeling aspect. For the column section of the plant, a full-order stage-wise model and a collocation based reduced order model are proposed. Model size, simulation time and predication accuracy are compared. For the primary heat exchanger, a novel moving boundary model is derived to handle the phase change in such a multi-stream heat exchanger. Simulation results demonstrate the capability of the proposed model in tracking the boundary points of the phase change occurrence, as well as the potential pinch point, along the length of the heat exchanger. The second part of the study addresses the operation aspects of ASUs through conducting dynamic optimization studies with collocation based dynamic models. We first performed a comprehensive analysis for a storage-then-utilization strategy on a nitrogen plant, following a two-tier multi-period formulation. As the parameter varies with time, the plant collects liquid, either directly from liquid product or by liquefaction of overproduced gas product, and then redistributes it for meeting gas product demand or as additional reflux. Effects of electricity price and demand profiles, additional operation costs, as well as product specifications are explored. Then we investigated the economic incentive for employing preemptive actions on a super-staged argon system, which allows the plant to take actions before external changes arrive. In the evaluation, changes are in the gas oxygen product demand. During the preemptive period, the plant takes either a single set or multiple sets of control actions. In the demand increase case, operation degrees of freedom are introduced to or removed from the set of decision variables. The demand decrease scenarios are explored with an under-supplied or saturated liquid oxygen market. / Dissertation / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

В диссертации были изучены современные проблемы информатизации управления учебной деятельностью образовательной организации. Осуществлен анализ инструментов для разработки информационно-аналитической системы. Рассмотрены возможности применение архитектурного подхода к проектированию информационно-аналитической системы управления учебной деятельностью. Осуществлен анализ существующего процесса управления учебной деятельностью, реализуемой в сетевом формате. Осуществлено проектирование информационно-аналитической системы управления учебной деятельностью, реализуемой в сетевом формате. Построена полная модель архитектуры ГОУ ВПО «Донецкий национальный университет». Разработана информационно-аналитическая система управления учебной деятельностью. Осуществлена оценка реализации проекта разработки и внедрения информационно-аналитической системы управления учебной деятельностью. Разработана и реализована имитационная модель оценки эффективности проекта разработки и внедрения информационно-аналитической системы управления учебной деятельностью. / In the dissertation, modern problems of informatization of the management of educational activities of an educational organization were studied. The analysis of tools for the development of an information and analytical system has been carried out. The possibilities of applying an architectural approach to the design of an information and analytical system for managing educational activities are considered. The analysis of the existing process of managing educational activities implemented in a network format is carried out. The design of an information and analytical system for managing educational activities implemented in a network format has been carried out. A complete model of the architecture of the State Educational Institution of Higher Education "Donetsk National University" has been built. An information and analytical system for managing educational activities has been developed. The evaluation of the project of development and implementation of the information and analytical system of management of educational activities was carried out. A simulation model for evaluating the effectiveness of the project for the development and implementation of information technology has been developed and implemented.