Nesta pesquisa, estuda-se o fenômeno de localização de modos de vibração em estruturas moduladas quase periódicas de comportamento linear e não-linear. Em particular, contempla-se uma aplicação na Engenharia Civil, os painéis de placas periódicos com pequenas imperfeições fracamente acoplados entre si através de viga de grande rigidez, e principalmente submetidos à variação de forças de membrana introduzidas por meio da protensão, o que só pode ser levado em conta introduzindo a rigidez geométrica no modelo matemático. No caso de sistemas lineares, a presença de pequenas desordens nas características de rigidez ou massa de subsistemas fracamente acoplados pode causar confinamento espacial nas vibrações livres, conhecido como Localização de Modos, e pode inibir a propagação da resposta forçada. È o que tem sido mostrado na literatura técnica, em especial nas áreas de Engenharia Mecânica e Aeroespacial. Os efeitos de localização serão obtidos numa perspectiva modal. O programa de elementos finitos DYMPLATE implementado pelo autor para análise dinâmica não-linear de estruturas de placas, será utilizado para modelar estruturas periódicas (ordenadas) e quase periódicas (desordenadas). Os modelos são linearizados em torno de configurações deformadas de referência. O problema algébrico de autovalores é resolvido para obter as freqüências naturais e correspondentes modos de vibração. Estruturas planas constituídas por placas protendidas com módulos repetidos, pequenas imperfeições e diferentes condições de apoio e de carregamento, serão utilizadas na investigação numérica da influência de diversos fatores na Localização de Modos, em especial as forças de membrana. / In this research, the phenomenon of vibration modes localization in nearly periodic modular structures of linear and nonlinear behavior is studied. Of special interest is an application in Civil Engineering, lightly coupled periodic plate panels with small imperfections, mainly submitted to the variation of membrane forces introduced by prestress forces, which can be only considered by introducing geometric stiffness in the mathematical model. In the linear case, the presence of small disorders in the stiffness or mass characteristics of lightly coupled sub-systems can cause spatial confinement of free vibrations, known as Mode Localization, and can inhibit the propagation of the forced response. That is what has been shown in the literature, especially in the areas of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering. The effects of localization are viewed from a modal perspective. DYMPLATE, a finite element software implemented by the author for nonlinear dynamic analysis of plates, will be utilized to model ordered and disordered plate periodic structures. The models are linearized about a deformed reference configuration. The algebraic eigenvalue problem is solved to obtain the natural frequencies and corresponding modes shapes. Plane structures constituted by prestressed plates with repetitive dynamic characteristics, small imperfections and different boundary conditions and loads, will be utilized in the numerical investigation of the influence of numerous factors in the Mode Localization.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2017-05-22T13:41:04Z No. of bitstreams: 1 rafaellepiazzarolifinottiamaral.pdf: 17493907 bytes, checksum: 1adeaaa1aa2fea27421c90402c88531e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-05-22T17:36:26Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 rafaellepiazzarolifinottiamaral.pdf: 17493907 bytes, checksum: 1adeaaa1aa2fea27421c90402c88531e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-22T17:36:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 rafaellepiazzarolifinottiamaral.pdf: 17493907 bytes, checksum: 1adeaaa1aa2fea27421c90402c88531e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-07 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / O desafio de se detectar danos e/ou alterações estruturais através de dados vibracionais tem levado ao desenvolvimento de diversas técnicas nas últimas décadas. Grande parte desses métodos busca associar variações de frequências naturais, modos de vibração e taxas de amortecimento em uma estrutura ao surgimento de danos localizados. Em vista disso, surgiram métodos como: o índice MAC (Modal Assurance Criterion), métodos baseados em energia de deformação, métodos baseados em variação de curvatura, análise da matriz de flexibilidade, dentre outros. Apesar de se mostrarem bastante eficazes na detecção de danos em modelos numéricos, salvo em raras exceções, os métodos supracitados apresentam dificuldades quando se trata de problemas práticos com dados obtidos de experimentos reais. Entretanto, abordagens envolvendo técnicas de inteligência computacional vêm sendo apontadas como uma linha de pesquisa promissora nesta área. Dessa forma, o presente trabalho avalia o uso das Redes Neurais Artificiais (ANN - Artificial Neural Networks) e Máquinas de Vetor Suporte (SVM - Support Vector Machines) na detecção de alterações estruturais baseadas na análise da evolução das respostas dinâmicas. Tanto as características modais quanto indicadores estatísticos extraídos diretamente dos sinais temporais são utilizados como parâmetros de entrada dos modelos de inteligência computacional. Além disso, apresenta-se ainda uma nova metodologia desenvolvida com base no histórico de variação das frequências naturais e temperatura, na qual é possível detectar mudanças no comportamento estrutural e apontar o momento em que elas ocorrem a partir de um classificador SVM. A eficiência da metodologia proposta é analisada através de dados obtidos em um modelo numérico de viga biapoiada e dados oriundos de um monitoramento contínuo da Torre de Gabbia, na Itália. / Structural damage detection using dynamic measurements has led to the development of several techniques in the last decades. Most of these methods associate variations of natural frequencies, mode shapes and damping ratios to damage, like the Modal Assurance Criterion (MAC), methods based on strain energy deviation, methods based on curvature mode shapes, flexibility matrix analysis, among others. Although these aforementioned techniques are mostly efficient to identify structural alterations in numerical models, they have difficulties in practical applications with experimental data. Thus, approaches involving computational intelligence to identify structural damage can be a promising field of research. This work evaluates the Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) to detect structural changes based on evolution of dynamic responses. The modal characteristics and statistical indicators extracted directly from raw dynamic measurements are used as inputs to computational intelligence models. Furthermore, a new methodology based on the time history of natural frequencies and temperature records is presented. The technique consists in detecting structural changes and when they occur by using a SVM algorithm. The efficiency of the proposed methodology is analyzed through data from a numerical model of a supported beam and from a continuous monitoring of the Gabbia Tower, in Italy.

This thesis addresses the multi-body assembly (MBA) problem in the context of protein assemblies. [...] In this thesis, we chose the protein assembly domain because accurate and reliable computational modeling, simulation and prediction of such assemblies would clearly accelerate discoveries in understanding of the complexities of metabolic pathways, identifying the molecular basis for normal health and diseases, and in the designing of new drugs and other therapeutics. [...] [We developed] F²Dock (Fast Fourier Docking) which includes a multi-term function which includes both a statistical thermodynamic approximation of molecular free energy as well as several of knowledge-based terms. Parameters of the scoring model were learned based on a large set of positive/negative examples, and when tested on 176 protein complexes of various types, showed excellent accuracy in ranking correct configurations higher (F² Dock ranks the correcti solution as the top ranked one in 22/176 cases, which is better than other unsupervised prediction software on the same benchmark). Most of the protein-protein interaction scoring terms can be expressed as integrals over the occupied volume, boundary, or a set of discrete points (atom locations), of distance dependent decaying kernels. We developed a dynamic adaptive grid (DAG) data structure which computes smooth surface and volumetric representations of a protein complex in O(m log m) time, where m is the number of atoms assuming that the smallest feature size h is [theta](r[subscript max]) where r[subscript max] is the radius of the largest atom; updates in O(log m) time; and uses O(m)memory. We also developed the dynamic packing grids (DPG) data structure which supports quasi-constant time updates (O(log w)) and spherical neighborhood queries (O(log log w)), where w is the word-size in the RAM. DPG and DAG together results in O(k) time approximation of scoring terms where k << m is the size of the contact region between proteins. [...] [W]e consider the symmetric spherical shell assembly case, where multiple copies of identical proteins tile the surface of a sphere. Though this is a restricted subclass of MBA, it is an important one since it would accelerate development of drugs and antibodies to prevent viruses from forming capsids, which have such spherical symmetry in nature. We proved that it is possible to characterize the space of possible symmetric spherical layouts using a small number of representative local arrangements (called tiles), and their global configurations (tiling). We further show that the tilings, and the mapping of proteins to tilings on arbitrary sized shells is parameterized by 3 discrete parameters and 6 continuous degrees of freedom; and the 3 discrete DOF can be restricted to a constant number of cases if the size of the shell is known (in terms of the number of protein n). We also consider the case where a coarse model of the whole complex of proteins are available. We show that even when such coarse models do not show atomic positions, they can be sufficient to identify a general location for each protein and its neighbors, and thereby restricts the configurational space. We developed an iterative refinement search protocol that leverages such multi-resolution structural data to predict accurate high resolution model of protein complexes, and successfully applied the protocol to model gp120, a protein on the spike of HIV and currently the most feasible target for anti-HIV drug design. / text

O objetivo deste trabalho é estudar métodos dinâmicos de detecção de dano em vigas, em especial os métodos baseados na variação da flexibilidade medida dinamicamente. Os métodos revisados formam parte das técnicas de Detecção de Dano Não Destrutivas (DDND). Nas técnicas DDND o dano é localizado por comparação entre o estado sadio e o danificado da estrutura. Neste trabalho, o problema de vibração inverso é apresentado e a matriz de flexibilidade estática da estrutura é determinada a partir de seus parâmetros modais. Com ajuda de um Modelo de Elementos Finitos (MEF) são mostrados os diferentes padrões de variação da matriz de flexibilidade produzidos pela presença do dano. Baseando-se nestes padrões é possível identificar a posição do dano dentro da estrutura, como indicado pelos diversos exemplos apresentados. / The purpose of this work is to study dynamic methods for damage detection in beam structures. The attention is devoted to the methods based on dynamically measured flexibility. The reviewed methods are part of Nondestructive Damage Detection techniques (NDD). In the NDD techniques the damage is determined through the comparison between the undamaged and damaged state of the structure. In this work the inverse vibration problem is presented and the structure\'s flexibility matrix calculated from his modal parameters. The Finite Elements Model (FEM) is employed to show that a clear pattern exist for the changes in the flexibility matrix produced due to the presence of damage. The flexibility matrix changes is used to identify and locate damage as indicated by the several examples presented.

O objetivo deste trabalho é estudar métodos dinâmicos de detecção de dano em vigas, em especial os métodos baseados na variação da flexibilidade medida dinamicamente. Os métodos revisados formam parte das técnicas de Detecção de Dano Não Destrutivas (DDND). Nas técnicas DDND o dano é localizado por comparação entre o estado sadio e o danificado da estrutura. Neste trabalho, o problema de vibração inverso é apresentado e a matriz de flexibilidade estática da estrutura é determinada a partir de seus parâmetros modais. Com ajuda de um Modelo de Elementos Finitos (MEF) são mostrados os diferentes padrões de variação da matriz de flexibilidade produzidos pela presença do dano. Baseando-se nestes padrões é possível identificar a posição do dano dentro da estrutura, como indicado pelos diversos exemplos apresentados. / The purpose of this work is to study dynamic methods for damage detection in beam structures. The attention is devoted to the methods based on dynamically measured flexibility. The reviewed methods are part of Nondestructive Damage Detection techniques (NDD). In the NDD techniques the damage is determined through the comparison between the undamaged and damaged state of the structure. In this work the inverse vibration problem is presented and the structure\'s flexibility matrix calculated from his modal parameters. The Finite Elements Model (FEM) is employed to show that a clear pattern exist for the changes in the flexibility matrix produced due to the presence of damage. The flexibility matrix changes is used to identify and locate damage as indicated by the several examples presented.

The main objective of this work is to design and implement an application that can be used as an aid for the education of programming essentials. Particularly, the attention focuses on the domain of dynamic data structures. The target application will be implemented with the use of web technologies so that it can be run in an ordinary WWW browser. First of all, a brief introduction recapitulates the data structures to be covered. Then the work summarizes the usable technologies available within the web browsers with the focus on the particular technology (which is DHTML) that will become the target platform. The most significant part of this work then discusses the design of the final application. This rather theoretical part is then followed by the description of the practical implementation. A short user manual is also included.

The present research paper deals with the comparison of static and dynamic data structures: static array, dynamic array, pointers array - class TList (Delphi) and dynamic doubly linked list, created with the help of recursive record.To compare the above mentioned structures, sorting (Bubble) and convex hull creation algorithms (Graham, Endrew) are realized, with the time of their implementation analysed. The algorithm of sorting (Bubble) is realized by four ways: static array, dynamic array, pointers array (class TList) and a dynamic doubly linked list, created with the help of recursive record.The algorithms of convex hull creation (Graham, Endrew) is realized by three ways: static array, dynamic array and pointers array (TList).The research paper also describes the pointers array class TList (Delphi), its properties and methods. The sorting method Sort of this class is compared with the sorting method of a “Bubble”. Using class templates, a universal class MList (C++) was created for work with dynamic linear linked lists.

Cieľom tejto práce je návrh analýzy tvaru haldy vhodnej pre potreby analyzátora 2LS. 2LS je nástroj pre analýzu C programov založený na automatickom odvodzovaní invariantov s použitím SMT solvera. Navrhované riešenie obsahuje spôsob reprezentácie tvaru programovej haldy pomocou logických formulí nad teóriou bitových vektorov. Tie sú následne využité v SMT solveri pre predikátovú logiku prvého rádu na odvodenie invariantov cyklov a súhrnov jednotlivých funkcií analyzovaného programu. Náš prístup je založený na ukazateľových prístupových cestách, ktoré vyjadrujú dosiahnuteľnosť objektov na halde z ukazateľových premenných. Informácie získané z analýzy môžu byť využité na dokázanie rôznych vlastností programu súvisiacich s prácou s dynamickýcmi dátovými štruktúrami. Riešenie bolo implementované v rámci nástroja 2LS. S jeho použitím došlo k výraznému zlepšeniu schopnosti 2LS analyzovať programy pracujúce s ukazateľmi a dynamickými dátovými štruktúrami. Toto je demonštrované na sade experimentov prevzatých zo známej medzinárodnej súťaže vo verifikácii programov SV-COMP a iných experimentoch.