Dans ma thèse, j'étudie trois questions importantes dans l'économie industrielle. Chapitre 1 étudie l'impact de l'intégration verticale sur l'innovation dans une industrie où les entreprises doivent entreprendre des R&D investissements risqués à des étapes de production et de distribution. L'intégration verticale permet une meilleure coordination au sein de l'entreprise intégrée, qui renforce son incitation à l'investissement aux niveaux amont et en aval. Cependant, ce n'est que bénéfique que pour les entreprises d'intégrer quand innovations à la fois en amont et en aval sont importantes. Quand l'innovation compte qu'à un seul niveau, les entreprises favorisent la séparation verticale. L'analyse donne un aperçu de la vague de fusions et R&D sous-traitance observées dans l'industrie pharmaceutique et d'autres industries verticale. Chapitre 2 étudie l'effet de la discrimination de la qualité sur la conception des produits. Dans le contexte de l'Internet, les fournisseurs de contenu sont l'objet de discrimination de la qualité des fournisseurs de services Internet. Nous montrons que les fournisseurs de contenu sont biaisées à choisir un design plus larges. Cela réduit la différenciation des produits sur le marché, et l'intervention est nécessaire pour atteindre l'efficacité dans le marché du contenu. Le résultat apporte un nouvel éclairage sur le débat sur la neutralité du net, qui impose l'égalité d'accès à tous les participants sur Internet. Chapitre 3 étudie le rôle de la publicité pour attirer et manipuler l'attention des consommateurs. Quand un produit est caractérisé par plusieurs attributs, les entreprises utilisent aussi stratégique annoncés de manipuler l'attention des consommateurs. Un monopole a tendance à annoncer trop peu d'attributs, et la concurrence n'améliore pas nécessairement la situation. En outre, dans une économie de l'attention-rares, la concurrence pour l'attention des consommateurs conduit les entreprises à annoncer moins d'attributs et réduit l'information à la disposition des consommateurs. / In my thesis, I study three important issues in industrial organization. Chapter 1 studies the impact of vertical integration on innovation in an industry where firms need to undertake risky R&D investments at both production and distribution stages. Vertical integration brings better coordination within the integrated firm, which boosts its investment incentive at both upstream and downstream levels. However, it is only mutually beneficial for firms to integrate when both upstream and downstream innovations are important. When innovation only matters at one level, firms favour instead vertical separation. The analysis provides insights for the wave of mergers and R&D outsourcing observed in the pharmaceutical industry and other vertically related industries. Chapter 2 studies the effect of quality discrimination on product designs. In the context of Internet, content providers are subject to quality discrimination from the Internet Service Providers. We show that content providers are biased to choose broader designs. This reduces product differentiation in the market, and intervention is necessary to achieve efficiency in the content market. The result brings new insights into the discussion about net neutrality, which mandates equal access to every participant on the Internet. Chapter 3 studies the role of advertisements in attracting and manipulating attention from consumers. When a product is characterized by several attributes, firms also strategically use advertisements to manipulate the attention of consumers. A monopolist tends to advertise too few attributes, and competition does not necessarily improve the situation. Moreover, in an attention scarce economy, competition for consumers attention leads firms to advertise fewer attributes and reduces information available to consumers.

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<p>The paper is an extensive review of inter organizational relation. Every organization wants to attain the competitive position in the Global market. The organization is effectively utilizing the R&D, production and marketing units, to develop the innovative products to accomplish the consumer needs.  The need for innovation is growing every day. The innovation success depends on the vital link between R&D, production and Marketing. In this paper concentrated on R&D and Marketing units at Ericsson Telecom Company, because these two units are combined and work together to discover new innovative products according to the customer requirements and to improve their operational excellence. The paper analyzed the relation between the R&D and Marketing departments of Ericsson is Strong or weak by using the factors like communication, decision making, formal and informal mechanism between the two units and also identified the relationship between these two units has it improved during last three years (2006- 2008).</p><p>Research Methodology: In this dissertation work the authors were taken the interpretative research. The researchers used Primary data and secondary data. The primary data collected by E mail questions to Ericsson's employees and secondary data collected by Journals, Ericsson home page, magazines and library online database etc.</p><p>Findings: The researchers analyzed the current relationship between R&D and Marketing units at Ericsson Organization. We scrutinized communication, decision making, and formal and informal mechanism are giving positive support and build the strong relationship between two units. The researchers also found few gaps between two units, but the overall relationship between two units were strong. It positively contributes to Ericsson's operational excellence.</p>

The paper is an extensive review of inter organizational relation. Every organization wants to attain the competitive position in the Global market. The organization is effectively utilizing the R&amp;D, production and marketing units, to develop the innovative products to accomplish the consumer needs.  The need for innovation is growing every day. The innovation success depends on the vital link between R&amp;D, production and Marketing. In this paper concentrated on R&amp;D and Marketing units at Ericsson Telecom Company, because these two units are combined and work together to discover new innovative products according to the customer requirements and to improve their operational excellence. The paper analyzed the relation between the R&amp;D and Marketing departments of Ericsson is Strong or weak by using the factors like communication, decision making, formal and informal mechanism between the two units and also identified the relationship between these two units has it improved during last three years (2006- 2008). Research Methodology: In this dissertation work the authors were taken the interpretative research. The researchers used Primary data and secondary data. The primary data collected by E mail questions to Ericsson's employees and secondary data collected by Journals, Ericsson home page, magazines and library online database etc. Findings: The researchers analyzed the current relationship between R&amp;D and Marketing units at Ericsson Organization. We scrutinized communication, decision making, and formal and informal mechanism are giving positive support and build the strong relationship between two units. The researchers also found few gaps between two units, but the overall relationship between two units were strong. It positively contributes to Ericsson's operational excellence.

Investments in R&amp;D activities are essential to firms. Decisions to increase or decrease R&amp;D investments may rely according to changes in macroeconomic factors. The purpose of this paper is: to examine how firms in the industries; manufacturing computers, electronics and optics and manufacturing electrical equipment, have increased or decreased their R&amp;D investments, in conjunction with macro factors during the 2000s. The sample is 49 Swedish firms. This paper is based on quantitative firm-level panel data on R&amp;D activity investments and aggregated quantitative macro-level data on macro factors. The firm-level panel data set has been put together completely from scratch, using collected and transformed raw data. Using a logistic regression model, the results show that macro factors do affect R&amp;D investments on a micro-level, to some extent. Further, the results show that change in macro factors does to a greater extent, affect decreases in R&amp;D investments than increases in R&amp;D investments. The process of increase and decrease of R&amp;D investment should be considered as two different dynamic processes. Increase and decrease do not follow the same pattern, thus a decrease of R&amp;D investments is a more explicit decision than a decision to increase R&amp;D investments.

Este trabalho estuda o processo de composição da carteira de projetos de P&D em casos da industria brasileira de produtos tangíveis. Com esse propósito, fez-se uma revisão bibliográfica e, em seguida, um estudo exploratório de múltiplos casos do tipo holístico, para identificar os procedimentos, critérios e participantes envolvidos no processo, assim como as dificuldades enfrentadas. O estudo apresenta um modelo de referência de pesquisa elaborado a partir das contribuições da teoria, envolvendo as diferentes abordagens sobre o processo de composição da carteira. O modelo serve também de marco de referência para a coleta, classificação, análise e comparação dos dados, e proporciona a flexibilidade necessária para o desenvolvimento de estudos deste tipo. Os resultados da pesquisa mostram que as carteiras são resultantes de um processo no qual a avaliação de projetos no contexto de carteira é, na sua maior parte, não formalizada ou inexistente. Adicionalmente, os resultados mostram que o processo envolve participantes dos vários níveis hierárquicos das empresas, os quais contribuem direta ou indiretamente com as decisões do processo de composição da carteira. Finalmente, os resultados evidenciam que a obtenção de informação confiável e completa, a distribuição de recursos e a burocracia são as principais dificuldades enfrentadas ao longo do processo. / This work studies the R&D project portfolio composition process in cases of the Brazilian tangible products industry. For this purpose, a bibliographic review was done, and then, an holistic multi-case exploratory study, to identify the procedures, criteria and participants involved in the process, as well as the difficulties faced. A study presents a research reference model, constructed from the theory contributions, and involves several approaches of the portfolio composition process. The model is also useful as a framework for data collection, classification, analysis and comparison, and provides the flexibility needed for developing this kind of research. The study shows that the project portfolios result from a process where the project portfolio assessment is mostly informal or doesn?t exist. Additionally, the study shows that the process involves participants of several hierarchical levels in companies, where each participant contributes in a direct or indirect way, in decisions of the portfolio composition process decisions. Finally, the results identify that reliable and complete data collection, resources distribution and bureaucracy are the main difficulties faced along the process.

Torque and drag (T&D) modeling is regarded as extremely helpful in well planning because it helps to predict and prevent drilling problems that might occur during the drilling process. Although T&D software has existed since the 1990s, some confusion still exists over the validity of the models that are used to characterize drilling operations, especially as we extend the length of modern horizontal wells. Moreover, it seems that only minimal improvements have been made to the underlying mathematical models over the last two decades. For normal planning on extended-reach and other challenging wells, T&D modeling provides a guideline for performance. Better modeling is especially important in complex three-dimensional wellbores. To optimize well design, T&D modeling needs to be incorporated into the planning of each well. The following factors should be evaluated: - Optimizing the well planning design - Adapting casing or tubular designs - Changing annulus fluids; for example, oil-based mud lubricates are better than water-based mud - Adjusting operating drilling processes such as reducing sliding distances or rotating to the bottom This project develops software that will give more accurate 3D T&D calculations. Moreover, this research is also widely beneficial in handling wellbore tortuosity which is explained in detail in the text. The new software will optimize the wellbore path and assist significantly in torque and drag calculation in well design.

Torque and drag (T&D) modeling is regarded as extremely helpful in well planning because it helps to predict and prevent drilling problems that might occur during the drilling process. Although T&D software has existed since the 1990s, some confusion still exists over the validity of the models that are used to characterize drilling operations, especially as we extend the length of modern horizontal wells. Moreover, it seems that only minimal improvements have been made to the underlying mathematical models over the last two decades. For normal planning on extended-reach and other challenging wells, T&D modeling provides a guideline for performance. Better modeling is especially important in complex three-dimensional wellbores. To optimize well design, T&D modeling needs to be incorporated into the planning of each well. The following factors should be evaluated: - Optimizing the well planning design - Adapting casing or tubular designs - Changing annulus fluids; for example, oil-based mud lubricates are better than water-based mud - Adjusting operating drilling processes such as reducing sliding distances or rotating to the bottom This project develops software that will give more accurate 3D T&D calculations. Moreover, this research is also widely beneficial in handling wellbore tortuosity which is explained in detail in the text. The new software will optimize the wellbore path and assist significantly in torque and drag calculation in well design.

There has been a long line of studies concerning the nexus between R&amp;D expenditure and Economic Performance. However, there has been little research on this nexus on a regional level in Germany. This paper aims to analyse the relationship between R&amp;D expenditure (total, business sector and public sector each) and GDP per capita at a regional level in Germany for the time period 2000-2017. The method of estimation employed in fixed effects panel regression analysis. It is found that total R&amp;D expenditure and regional GDP per capita have an insiginificant relationship, but a negtiavely significant one when a lagged value of R&amp;D expenditure is considered. The relationship between public R&amp;D expenditure and regional GDP per capita is significantly negative, whereas the relationship between business sector R&amp;D expenditure and regional GDP per capita is insignificant. Further scope for research could include analysing the effect of regional innovation clusters and the role of R&amp;D strategy in improving the economic performance of regions in Germany.