This thesis discusses the use of innovative technologies in retail companies. The second chapter describes the basic concepts of retail and marketing, which are a key basis for understanding access to innovative technologies. They are presented in the 3rd section including a description of their use in this area. Then in the 4th section is verified using these technologies in retail stores dealing mainly selling food. In the 5th chapter describes the implementation of electronic shelf labels, which is then verified by a verified implementation of Tesco in the 6th chapter.

The goal of the thesis is to prepare functional strategies of company patterned on external and internal analysis. Other purpose is to identify and to analyse relation with other strategies, to define comparation effect for costumer and for organization and to elaborate financial goals of company. The analytical part is consisted of the chosen analysis, it identifies the sources, the key competencies and the competetive position. The strategic part is formed by identification of strategic position of the company, by choice of strategy and its work out towards functional strategies. Its parts are outputs of marketing research and marketing strategy. The marketing strategy defines a costumer, formulates marketing mix and marketing communication. The financial plan is created with the link on functional strategies. Finally, there is evaluation of the effect and risk of strategical decision.

<p>A large section of the industrial organization literature is devoted to the interpretation and empirical testing of the hypotheses advanced by Joseph Schumpeter concerning market structure and innovation. One set of hypotheses deals with the monopoly power of firms and its association with innovation, while the other set focuses on the relationship between firm size and innovation. Empirically these two sets of hypotheses may not be independent of each other, although extant empirical studies have concentrated on one in isolation of the other. In this dissertation we build a general framework where these two sets of hypotheses can be considered together in order that we can properly identify either effect -- that is, the effects of monopoly power and of firm size on innovation.</p> <p>A major objective of our study is to combine two recent developments in the literature. First, it has been empirically demonstrated that proxies for appropriability and technological opportunity, when included in the regression, significantly diminish the explanatory power of concentration (a measure of monopoly power) on innovation and lnnovation-related activities, such as Research and Development (R&D) expenditures. In this dissertation, we construct sever,d proxies for appropriability and technological opportunity, using new data on innovative activities of firms in Canada collected by the Economic Council of Canada.</p> <p>Second, it has been recently argued that, except in the short run, both market structure and innovative activities ought to be treated as endogeneous, as opposed to the existing practice of assuming that the market structure is given. Our theoretical framework allows both innovative activity and firm size (a measure of market structure) to be determined by appropriability, technological opportunity and various non-innovative factors such as demand conditions, foreign versus domestic ownership of firms, etc.</p> <p>It is commonly observed that firms sometimes choose not to hire any R&D personnel, namely, scientists and engineers, and instead entrust the responsibilities of R&D either with a consulting firm or even with its own operating personnel. These decisions result in observations with 'zero' values for R&D personnel in the sample. In this dissertation, we provide an economic underpinning for such decisions by firms and recognize this 'limited-dependent variable' problem in our estimation through use of the Tobit estimation method.</p> <p>Finally, as a by-product of our theoretical framework we examine some of the common empirical measures which have been used to test the Schumpeterian hypotheses. One of our major findings in this regard is that many of the existing empirical tests of the hypothesis that there is a positive externality from firm size to innovative activities of firms are misspecified in the sense that they are neither necessary nor sufficient for the existence of the above externality.</p> / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

A inovação tecnológica vem assumindo um papel central na discussão do desenvolvimento de um país, região ou uma empresa. Estudos realizados por Schumpeter colocam a inovação tecnológica como a mola central do capitalismo, capaz de provocar grandes alterações no dinamismo da economia. A experiência internacional mostra-se importante para países ainda em desenvolvimento como o Brasil. Em países da Europa o plano de incentivo a inovação tecnológica deu início na década de noventa, quando foram estabelecidas medidas, metas e objetivos para o desenvolvimento tecnológico dos países. A atuação brasileira de incentivo a inovação tecnológica sempre foi muito tímida. Somente no final da década de noventa nota-se a ocorrência de uma reformulação da política industrial e uma tentativa de incentivar a inovação tecnológica no país. A realização da Pintec pelo IBGE vem suprir uma falha existente de falta de indicadores relacionados à inovação tecnológica. A pesquisa confirma as suspeitas existentes anteriormente de que no Brasil haja um fraco desempenho das empresas instaladas no que se refere à inovação tecnológica. Alguns fatores são apontados pelas empresas como as principais causas para esse fraco desempenho. Entre eles estão o elevado risco econômico, alto custo da inovação e a falta de fontes adequadas de financiamento. Quando se analisa a inovação tecnológica setorialmente, verifica-se que as mudanças em termos gerais são muito pequenas, que grande parte da inovação das empresas é financiada com capital próprio e que no Brasil a inovação tecnológica está diretamente ligada à aquisição de máquinas e equipamentos. / Tecnological inovation has been considered the center of the development of a country, region or a company. Schumpeter has discussed that the tecnological inovation is capable to cause extraordinary changes in the dynamics of the economy. The international experience is important to be seen by countries like Brasil. Some european countries, for instance, have developed a plan in order to make tecnological inovation possible. This plan includes the definition of goals and ways to mesure the tecnological development of the countries. Tecnological inovation in Brasil began to take place recently, when the industrial politics and some actions to promote this kind of inovation started to become more and more important in the country. Pintec, a study done by IBGE, has an important contribution for the research about tecnological inovation in Brasil. Before this study, there were not enough information about this subject. Pintec data confirm the initial hypothesis that brasilian companies do not have an eficient performance when it refers to tecnological inovation. Some factors are considered the explanation for the lack of tecnological inovation in Brasil. Among these factors are the economical risk, high costs of the inovation and the lack of apropriate sources of financial funds for inovation. Sectorial analysis have shown that the results are not different from the global analysis. The greatest amount of tecnological inovation is financed by internal funds. In Brasil, tecnological inovation is still related to the aquisition of new machines and equipaments.

A inovação tecnológica vem assumindo um papel central na discussão do desenvolvimento de um país, região ou uma empresa. Estudos realizados por Schumpeter colocam a inovação tecnológica como a mola central do capitalismo, capaz de provocar grandes alterações no dinamismo da economia. A experiência internacional mostra-se importante para países ainda em desenvolvimento como o Brasil. Em países da Europa o plano de incentivo a inovação tecnológica deu início na década de noventa, quando foram estabelecidas medidas, metas e objetivos para o desenvolvimento tecnológico dos países. A atuação brasileira de incentivo a inovação tecnológica sempre foi muito tímida. Somente no final da década de noventa nota-se a ocorrência de uma reformulação da política industrial e uma tentativa de incentivar a inovação tecnológica no país. A realização da Pintec pelo IBGE vem suprir uma falha existente de falta de indicadores relacionados à inovação tecnológica. A pesquisa confirma as suspeitas existentes anteriormente de que no Brasil haja um fraco desempenho das empresas instaladas no que se refere à inovação tecnológica. Alguns fatores são apontados pelas empresas como as principais causas para esse fraco desempenho. Entre eles estão o elevado risco econômico, alto custo da inovação e a falta de fontes adequadas de financiamento. Quando se analisa a inovação tecnológica setorialmente, verifica-se que as mudanças em termos gerais são muito pequenas, que grande parte da inovação das empresas é financiada com capital próprio e que no Brasil a inovação tecnológica está diretamente ligada à aquisição de máquinas e equipamentos. / Tecnological inovation has been considered the center of the development of a country, region or a company. Schumpeter has discussed that the tecnological inovation is capable to cause extraordinary changes in the dynamics of the economy. The international experience is important to be seen by countries like Brasil. Some european countries, for instance, have developed a plan in order to make tecnological inovation possible. This plan includes the definition of goals and ways to mesure the tecnological development of the countries. Tecnological inovation in Brasil began to take place recently, when the industrial politics and some actions to promote this kind of inovation started to become more and more important in the country. Pintec, a study done by IBGE, has an important contribution for the research about tecnological inovation in Brasil. Before this study, there were not enough information about this subject. Pintec data confirm the initial hypothesis that brasilian companies do not have an eficient performance when it refers to tecnological inovation. Some factors are considered the explanation for the lack of tecnological inovation in Brasil. Among these factors are the economical risk, high costs of the inovation and the lack of apropriate sources of financial funds for inovation. Sectorial analysis have shown that the results are not different from the global analysis. The greatest amount of tecnological inovation is financed by internal funds. In Brasil, tecnological inovation is still related to the aquisition of new machines and equipaments.

This thesis is focusing on the congress tourism in the Czech republic. There are mentioned all the statistics and also other important information focused on Czech republic but also on the international field. It's focused especially on the innovations, there are mentioned all the innovations used in the congress tourism, especially hybrid conferences. In the practical part of this thesis can be found the research focusing on the innovations.

Este trabalho estuda o processo de composição da carteira de projetos de P&D em casos da industria brasileira de produtos tangíveis. Com esse propósito, fez-se uma revisão bibliográfica e, em seguida, um estudo exploratório de múltiplos casos do tipo holístico, para identificar os procedimentos, critérios e participantes envolvidos no processo, assim como as dificuldades enfrentadas. O estudo apresenta um modelo de referência de pesquisa elaborado a partir das contribuições da teoria, envolvendo as diferentes abordagens sobre o processo de composição da carteira. O modelo serve também de marco de referência para a coleta, classificação, análise e comparação dos dados, e proporciona a flexibilidade necessária para o desenvolvimento de estudos deste tipo. Os resultados da pesquisa mostram que as carteiras são resultantes de um processo no qual a avaliação de projetos no contexto de carteira é, na sua maior parte, não formalizada ou inexistente. Adicionalmente, os resultados mostram que o processo envolve participantes dos vários níveis hierárquicos das empresas, os quais contribuem direta ou indiretamente com as decisões do processo de composição da carteira. Finalmente, os resultados evidenciam que a obtenção de informação confiável e completa, a distribuição de recursos e a burocracia são as principais dificuldades enfrentadas ao longo do processo. / This work studies the R&D project portfolio composition process in cases of the Brazilian tangible products industry. For this purpose, a bibliographic review was done, and then, an holistic multi-case exploratory study, to identify the procedures, criteria and participants involved in the process, as well as the difficulties faced. A study presents a research reference model, constructed from the theory contributions, and involves several approaches of the portfolio composition process. The model is also useful as a framework for data collection, classification, analysis and comparison, and provides the flexibility needed for developing this kind of research. The study shows that the project portfolios result from a process where the project portfolio assessment is mostly informal or doesn?t exist. Additionally, the study shows that the process involves participants of several hierarchical levels in companies, where each participant contributes in a direct or indirect way, in decisions of the portfolio composition process decisions. Finally, the results identify that reliable and complete data collection, resources distribution and bureaucracy are the main difficulties faced along the process.

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No. of bitstreams: 1 Thatiane Coutinho Melguinha Pereira.pdf: 1371488 bytes, checksum: 418179cdc7f57cc80a51d8f80b83bfaa (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-31 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Having as a start the comprehension about the relation between democracy and pedagogical innovation in the brazilian education history from the 20th century on, also from the verification of the historical conditions to the understanding of this relation nowadays and, besides this, the characterization of an innovative education according to Ministry of Education, the present research had as an objective to analyse which are the terms to express the demands of the innovative education for democracy among the pedagogical projects recommended by Ministry of Education as examples of creativity and innovation. Also had as an objective to analyse the possibilities of social change allusive to a pedagogical innovative practice sedimented on democracy. It’s an empirical research which sources are documents written and announced by schools and, besides, the Program to Encourage Creativity in Elementary Education documents which were treated by the content analysis technique. In order to achieve the objectives of the research, it also agreed to identify and understand the notion of democracy among the current democratic schools, also the subjacent theories and, besides this, identify and understand the concepts of experience, emancipation and formation under the perspective of an innovative and democratic education. Based on the analysis of the six pedagogical projects from the selected schools, also based on the analysis of the Program to Encourage Creativity in Elementary Education documents, it’s possible the conclusion that, the pedagogical projects, by the expression of the meanings of the innovative education underlined by the Ministry of Education, are characterized by the demands of a perspective of democracy circumscribed in its mechanisms of participation and the diffusion of values that soften the social tensions, with centrality to the horizontal pedagogical management aspect. Regardless of, the pedagogical inovation is recognized in the existance of the participative and democratic mechanisms, also in the centrality of the school matters according to the interests thems to students and, besides this, in the quest of integrate them into the technologic world, mainly in the apprehension of behaviors and skills appreciated by the work world. The theoric references which sediment the critical analysis come from the Social Critical Theory, mostly under the expression of Theodor W. Adorno, Max Horkheimer and Herbert Marcuse / Tendo como ponto de partida a compreensão da relação entre democracia e inovação pedagógica no âmbito da história da educação brasileira a partir do século XX, bem como a verificação das condições históricas para a compreensão dessa relação nos dias atuais e, ainda, a caracterização de uma educação inovadora e criativa segundo o Ministério da Educação, a presente pesquisa objetivou analisar em que termos são expressas as exigências da educação inovadora para a democracia no âmbito das propostas pedagógicas apontadas pelo Ministério da Educação como exemplos de criatividade e inovação. Também objetivou analisar as possibilidades de mudança social alusivas a uma prática pedagógica dita inovadora e sedimentada na democracia. Trata-se de uma pesquisa empírica, que tem como fontes documentos elaborados e divulgados por tais escolas e, ainda, o documental do Programa de Estímulo à Criatividade na Educação Básica, os quais foram tratados por meio da análise de conteúdo. Para alçar os objetivos da pesquisa, também aprouve identificar e compreender a noção de democracia no âmbito das escolas democráticas atuais, bem como as teorias subjacentes e, ainda, identificar e compreender os conceitos de experiência, emancipação e formação na perspectiva de uma educação democrática e inovadora. Com base na análise de projetos pedagógicos de seis unidades escolares selecionadas, bem como pela análise dos documentais do Programa de Estímulo à Criatividade na Educação Básica, é plausível a conclusão que as propostas pedagógicas, ao expressarem os sentidos da educação inovadora sublinhados pelo Ministério da Educação, são caracterizadas pela exigência de uma perspectiva de democracia circunscrita aos seus mecanismos de participação e à difusão de valores que amenizem as tensões sociais, com centralidade para o aspecto da gestão pedagógica horizontal. Não obstante, a inovação pedagógica é reconhecida na existência de mecanismos participativos e democráticos, assim como na centralidade dos conteúdos escolares segundo temas de interesses dos alunos e, ainda, na busca por integrá-los ao mundo tecnológico, sobretudo na apreensão de comportamentos e habilidades estimados pelo mundo do trabalho. O referencial teórico que sedimenta a análise crítica dos conteúdos é oriundo da Teoria Crítica da Sociedade, mormente sob a expressão de Theodor W. Adorno, Max Horkheimer e Herbert Marcuse

Este trabalho tem como enfoque central a relação entre currículo, conhecimento e poder. Insere-se no campo da Pedagogia Jurídica. Discute as decisões pedagógicas no Ensino Jurídico, na perspectiva de contribuir para a reflexão sobre novas formas de conhecer a realidade do Direito e de repensar seus paradigmas. Embasa-se na teoria de Basil Bernstein. Metodologicamente centra-se nos seguintes aspectos dos cursos jurídicos: inscrição política, inscrição técnica e cultural, inscrição estrutural e ética, e inscrição dramatúrgica, para as quais autores, como Kant, Boaventura Santos, Popkewitz e Goffman também contribuem. Realiza, através de pesquisa qualitativa, um estudo de caso. As análises destacam o potencial da Pedagogia Jurídica como campo de conhecimento e a importância da formação docente, da pesquisa jurídica e das decisões pedagógicas no ensino jurídico. Ao final, apresenta uma proposta de socialização do discurso jurídico. / This work has as its main focus the relation among curriculum, knowledge and power. It is inserted in the Legal Pedagogy field. It discusses the pedagogic decisions in the law teaching, in the perspective of contributing to the reflection about new means of knowing the reality of the Law and rethinking its paradigms. It is based in Basil Bemstein's theory. Methodologically it focuses in the following aspects o f the Law courses: poli ti cal inscription, technical and cultural inscription, structural and ethical inscription, and dramaturgic inscription, for which authors, such as Kant, Boaventura Santos, Popkewitz e Goffman also contributed. It realizes, through qualitative research, a case study. The analysis emphasizes the potential of Legal Pedagogy as a knowledge field and the relevance of professors' training, of the Law research and the pedagogic decisions in the teaching of Laws. Finally, it presents a proposal o f socialization o f the Law discourse.

Bakalauro baigiamojo darbo tema – Mokslo ir technologijų parkų indėlis Lietuvos konkurencingumui Tikslas – išanalizuoti esamą Lietuvos mokslo ir technologijų parkų (toliau vadinamų MTP) situaciją ir atskleisti būdus, kaip pakeisti Lietuvos MTP aplinkos lygį, kuris padėtų didinti Lietuvos konkurencingumą. Pagrindiniai darbo uždaviniai yra: • Pateikti teorinių žinių apie nacionalinį konkurencingumą; • Pateikti informaciją apie mokslo ir technologijų parkus teoriniame lygmenyje; • Atskleisti užsienio šalių MTP bei šalies konkurencingumo sąsajas – iš ko mes galėtumėme pasimokyti? • Pristatyti Lietuvos MTP, pateikti jų esamą situaciją, veiklą, problemas; • Palyginti Lietuvos ir užsienio mokslo ir technologijų parkus; • Įvardinti konkrečias Lietuvos MTP problemines sritis, remiantis užsienio šalių praktika; • Pateikti pasiūlymus ir rekomendacijas įvardintoms problemoms spręsti. Tyrimo metodika – Lietuvos ir užsienio šalių mokslo ir technologijų parkų palyginamoji analizė. Darbo rezultatuose atsispindės esama Lietuvos MTP padėtis ir probleminės sritys. Stiprus atsilikimas nuo užsienio šalių MTP yra jaučiamas tokiuose kriterijuose kaip bendradarbiavime su universitetais, pakankamos infrastruktūros ir pritaikytų patalpų trūkumas, tikslinės specializacijos nebuvimas ir papildomų paslaugų (mokymų, seminarų, konsultacijų) stoka. Bus pateikti pasiūlymai ir rekomendacijos probleminėms sritims spręsti, ir kaip jas išsprendus būtų galima didinti Lietuvos konkurencingumą. / Bachelor thesis theme – Science and technology park (STP) input on Lithuanian competitiveness. The purpose – to analyze existing Lithuanian science and technology park situation and reveal the means of how to improve Lithuanian STP background, which would help to heighten Lithuanian competitiveness. The essential tasks of this paper are: • Analyze the theory of competitiveness; • Introduce science and technology park theoretical background; • Reveal STP relations with competitiveness; • Introduce Lithuanian science and technology parks, present the existing situation, activities, problems; • Compare Lithuanian and foreign technology parks; • Present Lithuania specific STP problems according to foreign practice; • Present suggestions and recommendations for solving specific Lithuanian technology park problems. Analysis method – comparable method, which shows the differences between Lithuanian and foreign country STP. The results of bachelor thesis will reflect the current Lithuanian STP situation and its problems. The Lithuanian STP is lacking far behind its foreign counterparts in criteria such as communication with universities, insufficient infrastructure and adequate accommodation, lack of objective specialization and additional service (training, seminar, and consultation). In order to solve the underlying problems, suggestions and recommendations will be made. Additional suggestions will be supplied for how to heighten Lithuanian competitiveness after the problems have... [to full text]