O estudo das condições de operação de um motor de indução em um ambiente industrial é indispensável, tendo em vista que eventuais problemas podem contribuir para um prejuízo na produção, ou ainda para custos adicionais relacionados à falta de manutenção dos equipamentos. Uma das principais falhas que podem ocorrer em um motor de indução do tipo gaiola de esquilo durante sua operação é o rompimento de uma ou mais barras que compõem o seu rotor. Apresenta-se neste trabalho um novo método para auxiliar na detecção de barras quebradas em um rotor tipo gaiola de esquilo, para um motor de grande porte, durante sua operação em regime permanente. A partir de um modelo matemático foi possível avaliar o rompimento de barras do rotor, detectando em uma posição específica, a variação da densidade de fluxo magnético resultante, produzida pela contribuição do fluxo de dispersão de cada barra do rotor, bem como pelo fluxo criado pelas correntes do estator. Um sensor de efeito Hall é instalado entre duas bobinas do estator, a fim de representar a posição onde é realizado o cálculo da densidade de fluxo magnético resultante pela modelagem matemática proposta. O sinal gerado pelo sensor a partir de uma falha é comparado com aquele obtido a partir do rotor saudável, para posterior análise. O trabalho sugere ainda a aplicação do método de detecção da falha em conjunto com uma técnica de inteligência artificial baseada nas redes neurais artificiais, a fim de contribuir para o diagnóstico da falha e estimativa do número de barras rompidas. Os resultados obtidos da simulação, bem como os dados obtidos durante o ensaio são apresentados e usados na validação do modelo matemático desenvolvido. / The study of operational conditions of an induction motor in an industrial environment is indispensable, once eventual problems can contribute for production losses, or still for additional costs related to the lack of equipments maintenance. Among the principal faults, in a squirrel cage induction motor can occur the breaking of one or more rotor bars. This work presents a new method in aid of detection of broken bars in a large squirrel cage induction motor during its operation in steady-state. A mathematical model is used to evaluate the broken rotor bars, detecting in a specific point, the resulting magnetic flux density produced by the leakage flux created by the rotor and stator currents. The Hall effect sensor is installed between two stator coils, in order to represent the position where the resulting magnetic flux density is calculated by the proposed mathematical model. The signal detected in the sensor during a fault, is compared to the obtained result of the magnetic flux density from a healthy rotor for analysis. The work still suggests the application of the artificial intelligence technique, based on artificial neural networks in the mathematical model, in order to aid on the fault detection and estimate of the number of broken bars. The simulation and experimental results are presented in order to validate the developed mathematical model.

This work examined the role of the craft brewers of Florida in creating alternative economies. This work argues that craft brewers function in ways that they can create a space in which other, smaller entities might then take advantage. Craft breweries' expansion, and continued success rests on the ability of the brewer to harness the power of transformation, the prism effect, or the refaceting of a space with different meanings. Craft breweries meet many of Jacobs' (1961), as stated in her seminal work, conditions for diversity in the city, especially in the role of self-government. Craft brewers function as informal forms of government for communities, by making smaller entities more visible, by serving as a warrior and weaver for political action in the city, and offering subversive defiance, by which they subtly challenge the dominant disconnected economic structure. Craft breweries serve as a way to create an embedded economy, or as a way of grounding local businesses, social issues, and individual actors together. In this way, the research addressed deeper ethical issues that transcend the idea of craft brewing in general, that the success of craft brewers reflects a form of activism, and a visible way for individuals to circumvent the global processes which left them disengaged in their community. / Includes bibliography. / Dissertation (Ph.D.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2016. / FAU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Collection

Introdução: A doença celíaca não tem cura e apresenta como único tratamento a dieta isenta de glúten. Frequentemente observa-se a má absorção de cálcio em celíacos, consequência dos menores níveis de transportadores de cálcio no enterócito desses indivíduos. Os celíacos têm dificuldade em dar sequência ao tratamento dietético devido à escassez de produtos isentos de glúten, tornando fundamental o desenvolvimento de produtos para esta população. Isso pode ser feito por meio do uso de matérias primas isentas de glúten e com valor nutritivo agregado, como o grão de amaranto, e de ingredientes que contribuem para o aumento da absorção de cálcio através de absorção passiva nos colonócitos, como os frutanos inulina e oligofrutose. Objetivo: Desenvolver e otimizar as propriedades nutricionais e sensoriais de produtos à base de amaranto enriquecidos com frutanos, para intervenção nutricional em celíacos. Metodologia: Foram elaborados snacks à base de milho e amaranto (50, 75 e 100%), barras e pães sem glúten, enriquecidos com 4 gramas de frutanos/ porção. Para maximizar a aceitabilidade das barras foi utilizado um planejamento experimental para misturas de amaranto extrusado, estourado e laminado. Para maximizar o valor nutritrivo e a aceitabilidade do pão sem glúten foi utilizado o planejamento experimental para misturas de farinha de arroz, fécula de batata e farinha de amaranto. Os produtos foram caracterizados quanto a composição centesimal, o índice glicêmico (IG) e a carga glicêmica (CG). Também foram avaliadas as propriedades físicas e a aceitabilidade (escala hedônica estruturada de nove pontos) durante o período de armazenamento. Resultados e discussão: Os snacks foram aceitos e apresentaram estabilidade de suas características físicas e da aceitabilidade durante os 135 dias de armazenamento. O efeito combinado do amaranto e dos frutanos gerou redução de 19% do IG e de 56% da CG dos snacks. O amaranto estourado e laminado apresentaram interações sinérgicas para a aceitabilidade das barras (R2(aj)>92%, p=0,00). A formulação à base de amaranto estourado e laminado (½,½) foi diversificada em seis diferentes sabores e apresentou estabilidade de suas propriedades físicas e da aceitabilidade durante os seis meses de armazenamento. A estimativa da resposta glicêmica revelou IG moderado e CG baixa das barras. Pães com 33 e 45% de farinha de amaranto apresentaram destacado valor nutritivo e aceitabilidade. A incorporação de amaranto e de frutanos ocasionou redução de 20% do IG e de até 53% da CG do pão sem glúten. Conclusão: Os produtos desenvolvidos (snacks, barras e pães sem glúten) apresentaram destacado valor nutritivo em relação aos produtos convencionais, atenuação da resposta glicêmica e alta aceitabilidade pelo consumidor, podendo contribuir para uma maior variação e adequação da dieta dos celíacos e também para auxiliar no aumento da absorção de cálcio / Introduction: Celiac disease does not have a cure and the only scientifically proven treatment is strict lifelong adherence to a gluten-free diet. Calcium malabsorption is frequently found in celiac, possibly due to negligible amounts of calcium-binding protein in their enterocytes. Compliance with dietary treatment is often difficult due to the lack of gluten-free products, so it is essential to develop specific products for this population. This can be done through the use of gluten-free raw materials of great nutritional value, such as amaranth grain, and ingredients that contribute to the calcium absorption increasement through passive absorption in colonocytes, such as the fructans inulin and oligofructose. Objective: Develop and optimize the nutritional and sensory properties of amaranth based products enriched with fructans, for nutritional intervention in celiac. Methods: Snacks from blends of corn and amaranth (50, 75 and 100%), amaranth bars and gluten-free bread, all enriched with 4 grams of fructans/ portion, were prepared. A mixture experiment of extruded, popped and flaked amaranth was used to optimize the sensory acceptability of the bars. A mixture experiment of rice flour, potato starch and amaranth flour was used to maximize the nutritional value and sensory acceptability of gluten-free bread. Products chemical composition, glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL), were evaluated. The physical properties and sensory acceptability (nine point hedonic scale) were assessed during the storage time. Results and discussion: Snacks were sensory accepted and maintained their physical characteristics and sensory acceptability during the 135 days of storage. The combined effect of amaranth and fructans resulted in 19% reduction of GI and 56% of GL of snacks. Popped and flaked amaranth present synergistic interactions to sensory acceptability of the bars (R2(adj)>92%, p=0,00). Bars were produced with popped and flaked amaranth (½,½) in six different flavors and its physical properties and sensory acceptability were stable during the six months of storage. The predicted glycemic response showed moderate GI and low GL bars. Breads with 33 and 45% of amaranth flour had higher nutritional value and sensory acceptability. Amaranth and fructans addition led to a reduction of approximately 20% of GI and up to 53% of the GL of gluten-free breads. Conclusion: The developed products (snacks, bars and gluten-free breads) had superior nutritional composition than conventional products, reduced glycemic response, high consumer sensory acceptability, great potential to contribute to variation and adequacy of celiac diet and also help to increase calcium absorption.

O estudo das condições de operação de um motor de indução em um ambiente industrial é indispensável, tendo em vista que eventuais problemas podem contribuir para um prejuízo na produção, ou ainda para custos adicionais relacionados à falta de manutenção dos equipamentos. Uma das principais falhas que podem ocorrer em um motor de indução do tipo gaiola de esquilo durante sua operação é o rompimento de uma ou mais barras que compõem o seu rotor. Apresenta-se neste trabalho um novo método para auxiliar na detecção de barras quebradas em um rotor tipo gaiola de esquilo, para um motor de grande porte, durante sua operação em regime permanente. A partir de um modelo matemático foi possível avaliar o rompimento de barras do rotor, detectando em uma posição específica, a variação da densidade de fluxo magnético resultante, produzida pela contribuição do fluxo de dispersão de cada barra do rotor, bem como pelo fluxo criado pelas correntes do estator. Um sensor de efeito Hall é instalado entre duas bobinas do estator, a fim de representar a posição onde é realizado o cálculo da densidade de fluxo magnético resultante pela modelagem matemática proposta. O sinal gerado pelo sensor a partir de uma falha é comparado com aquele obtido a partir do rotor saudável, para posterior análise. O trabalho sugere ainda a aplicação do método de detecção da falha em conjunto com uma técnica de inteligência artificial baseada nas redes neurais artificiais, a fim de contribuir para o diagnóstico da falha e estimativa do número de barras rompidas. Os resultados obtidos da simulação, bem como os dados obtidos durante o ensaio são apresentados e usados na validação do modelo matemático desenvolvido. / The study of operational conditions of an induction motor in an industrial environment is indispensable, once eventual problems can contribute for production losses, or still for additional costs related to the lack of equipments maintenance. Among the principal faults, in a squirrel cage induction motor can occur the breaking of one or more rotor bars. This work presents a new method in aid of detection of broken bars in a large squirrel cage induction motor during its operation in steady-state. A mathematical model is used to evaluate the broken rotor bars, detecting in a specific point, the resulting magnetic flux density produced by the leakage flux created by the rotor and stator currents. The Hall effect sensor is installed between two stator coils, in order to represent the position where the resulting magnetic flux density is calculated by the proposed mathematical model. The signal detected in the sensor during a fault, is compared to the obtained result of the magnetic flux density from a healthy rotor for analysis. The work still suggests the application of the artificial intelligence technique, based on artificial neural networks in the mathematical model, in order to aid on the fault detection and estimate of the number of broken bars. The simulation and experimental results are presented in order to validate the developed mathematical model.

Includes corrigenda (inserted at front) and list of publications published as a result of this research. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 192-199) Investigates the overload behaviour and modes of collapse of reinforced concrete flexural members containing 500MPa grade reinforcing steel and evaluates the adequacy of current ductility requirements for design according to AS 3600 to ensure strength and safety.

Includes corrigenda (inserted at front) and list of publications published as a result of this research. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 192-199) / xxvii, 223 leaves : ill. ; 30 cm. / Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library. / Investigates the overload behaviour and modes of collapse of reinforced concrete flexural members containing 500MPa grade reinforcing steel and evaluates the adequacy of current ductility requirements for design according to AS 3600 to ensure strength and safety. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2002

The principle source of heterogeneity affecting flow behavior in conventional clastic reservoirs is discontinuous, low-permeability mudstone beds and laminae (shales). Simple ‘streamline’ models have been developed which relate permeability anisotropy (kv/kh ) at the reservoir scale to shale geometry, fraction, and vertical frequency. A limitation of these models, especially for tidally-influenced reservoirs, is the lack of quantitative geologic inputs. While qualitative models exist that predict shale character in tidally-influenced environments (with the largest shales being deposited near the turbidity maximum in estuaries, and in the prodelta-delta front), little quantitative shale character data is available. The purpose of this dissertation is to collect quantitative data to test hypothetical relationships between depositional environment and shale character and to use this data to make geologically-based estimates of for different reservoir elements. For this study, high-resolution, lidar point-clouds were used to measure shale length, thickness, and frequency. This dissertation reports a novel method for using distance-corrected lidar intensity returns to distinguish sandstone and mudstone lithology. Lidar spectral and spatial data, photo panels, and outcrop measurements were used to map and quantify shale character. Detailed shale characteristics were measured from four different tidally-influenced reservoir analogs: estuarine point bar (McMurray Formation, Alberta, Canada), tidal sand ridge (Tocito Sandstone, New Mexico), and unconfined and confined tidal bars (Sego Sandstone, Utah). Estuarine point bars have long (l=67.8 m) shales that are thick and frequent relative to the other units. Tidal sand ridges have short (l=8.6 m dip orientation) shales that are thin and frequent. Confined tidal bars contain shales that are thin, infrequent, and anisotropic, averaging 16.3 m in length (dip orientation). Unconfined tidal bars contain nearly equidimensional (l=18.6 m dip orientation) shales with moderate thicknesses and vertical frequency. The observed shale geometries agree well with conceptual models for tidal environments. The unique shale character of each unit results in a different distribution of estimated . The average estimated kv/kh values for each reservoir element are: 8.2*10^4 for estuarine point bars, 0.038 for confined tidal bars, 0.004 for unconfined tidal bars, and 0.011 for tidal sand ridges. / text

Ένα από τα κύρια προβλήματα που συναντώνται σε κτίρια ή γέφυρες που έχουν κατασκευασθεί πριν από το 1980, είναι η μειωμένη καμπτική αντοχή και πλαστιμότητα, το οποίο αρκετά συχνά οφείλεται στην έλλειψη περίσφιξης και στη παρουσία κοντών αναμονών που είχαν οι κατασκευές αυτές. Ο κύριος σκοπός της παρούσας διατριβής είναι να παρουσιάσει και να αξιολογήσει πέντε από τα διαθέσιμα στη βιβλιογραφία αναλυτικά μοντέλα προσδιορισμού του απαιτούμενου πάχους του εξωτερικά εφαρμοζόμενου μανδύα για την αποφυγή της αστοχίας των ματιζομένων οπλισμών των υποστυλωμάτων συμπεριλαμβανομένου και του αντίστοιχου μοντέλου το οποίο δίνεται στο Σχέδιο 1 και Σχέδιο 2 του ΚΑΝΕΠΕ. Τα αναλυτικά μοντέλα αξιολογούνται μέσω πειραματικών αποτελεσμάτων από τη βιβλιογραφία. Η αξιολόγηση γίνεται σε δύο επίπεδα. Στο πρώτο επίπεδο αξιολογείται η αξιοπιστία πρόβλεψης του απαιτούμενου πάχους του υλικού ενίσχυσης –χρησιμοποιώντας τις μέσες τιμές των υλικών- ενώ στο δεύτερο επίπεδο εξετάζεται η αντίστοιχη καταλληλότητα κάθε προσομοιώματος για το σχεδιασμό –χρησιμοποιώντας τις αντίστοιχες τιμές σχεδιασμού των υλικών-. Τροποποιημένες εξισώσεις βασιζόμενες στο προσομοίωμα του ΚΑΝΕΠΕ παρουσιάζονται. Η χρήση των τροποποιημένων εξισώσεων ελέγχεται μέσω διαθέσιμων πειραματικών αποτελεσμάτων και προκύπτει ικανοποιητική σύγκλιση με αυτά. / Reinforced concrete frames or bridges constructed in the early 80s or before, were usually designed and detailed to resist lower lateral forces than those required today. Building columns were commonly designed for compression only and as a result they do not have the adequate lateral strength to resist the imposed earthquake loads. One of the main deficiencies in these older structures is the limited flexural strength and ductility often due to short and lightly confined lap splices. The main aim of this thesis is to present and evaluate five of the proposed analytical models in order to rehabilitate reinforced concrete columns with short lap splices by external confinement, including and the confinement model given by the draft version of the Greek Retrofitting Code (GRECO). The above analytical models are validated against experimental results. The validation is performed in two levels. In the first level, the reliability of the prediction for the required jacket thickness given by the models, is examined, by using the average values of the materials. In the second level, the propriety for the design of each model is examined by using the design values of the materials. A modified equation based on the model given by GRECO is presented as well. By using the proposed modified equation a satisfactory agreement with the experimental results was accomplished.

Baigiamajame magistro darbe aptarti klijuotosios medienos su įklijuotaisiais plieniniais strypais privalumai bei trūkumai, jų panaudojimas ir taikymas statybos pramonėje. Atlikta plieno strypų, įklijuotų medienoje išilgai, skersai ir kampu į medienos pluoštus, teorinių skaičiavimų pagal Europos ir Rusijos normas metodikų analizė. Atlikti teoriniai standžios sijos jungties su įklijuotaisiais plieniniais strypais skaičiavimai. Išanalizuota bandymų metodika. Tiriamojoje dalyje atlikti šie eksperimentiniai bandymai: armatūros strypų takumo įtempių nustatymas; medienos tankio ir drėgnio nustatymas; strypų, įklijuotų medienoje išilgai, skersai ir 45o kampu į medienos pluoštus gniuždymo bandymai; sijos standžios jungties su įklijuotaisiais plieniniais strypais bandymas. Nustatyti esminiai rodikliai, veikiantys bandymų rezultatus, irimo pobūdžiai bei elgsena bandymų metu. Skaičiavimų rezultatai palyginti su eksperimentinių bandymų metu išbandytais natūralaus dydžio bandinių rezultatais. Darbe pateikti, įvertinti ir išanalizuoti teoriniai ir eksperimentiniai rezultatai, jų skirtumai. Pateiktos rekomendacijos ir pasiūlymai skaičiavimų metodikų tobulinimui ir praktiniam įklijuotųjų plieno strypų medienoje panaudojimui. / In this master degree paper are discussed advantages and imperfections, practice and use in construction industry of glulam with glued-in steel rods. Theoretical calculations analysis according to Eurocode and Russian standards of glued-in steel rods parallel, perpendicular and at an angle to the grain were made. Theoretical calculations of rigid joint glulam beam with glued-in steel bars were made. Tests methods were analyzed. In the part of the researches these tests were made: yield stress evaluation test of steel rods; moisture and density evaluation tests of wood; parallel, perpendicular ant at an 45 o angle to the grain compression tests of the glued-in steel rods; rigid joint of the glulam beam with glued-in steel rods test. Fundamental factors, which have influence to the results of the tests, character of the disruptions and the behavior of elements during the experiments were defined. The results of the calculations were compared with the results of tests in which natural size specimens were tried. In this work the results of theoretical calculations and experimental tests are proposed, evaluated and analyzed. The reasons of divergence in results are indicated. Recommendations and suggestions how to improve the methods of calculations and for better use the glued-in steel rods in the practice were offered.

The compatibility of on-site consumption alcohol outlets as land use is predicted by the acceptance level of the utility or disutility they enjoy amongst residents in a neighbourhood. The density of alcohol outlets is argued in literature as correlating to the significant positive rate of amenity effects that include property crime, alcohol related arrests, drunk-driving, fatal and severe alcohol-induced accidents, violence and assault amongst many others. The problems associated with on-site consumption alcohol outlets have been insistently brought to the attention of the Umjindi Local Municipality in the Ehlanzeni District area in Mpumalanga Province by the residents of the Emjindini neighbourhood. The study is based on the hypothesis that the high density of on-site consumption alcohol outlets contributes to the incompatibility of such outlets with residential areas. In addressing the research sub-questions and validating the research hypothesis, the study adopted various methods (including land use surveys, interviews, administration of questionnaires, literature review and document review) for the collection, analysis, interpretation and discussion of data. The study reveals that the higher density of alcohol consumption outlets is significant in areas of low socioeconomic status. The Emjindini Townships are located with the density of 1 on-site consumption alcohol outlet per 263 people. Liquor legislation in South Africa leaves a lot to be desired in its guidelines for alcohol outlet density, public participation, location radius and local authority involvement. In addition, our findings showed that the significantly unacceptable level of impact thereof is experienced especially in the night, in areas characterised by the high density of on-site consumption alcohol outlets. The on-site consumption alcohol outlets are seen as compatible land uses in residential areas for the reason that, the unacceptable level of impact is insignificant during the day. The adoption of preferred and practical guidelines related to the locality and density of on-site consumption alcohol outlets, compatibility performance standards and public participation are recommended for policy and practice. The amendment to the liquor law is subsequently proposed in this study. / M.U.R.D.P. University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 2014.