Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T16:16:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Marina Costa.pdf: 2328262 bytes, checksum: 24e902369adefec2ee090a942f4e62ce (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-02-26 / The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of microwave roasting time on the sensorial, physical, and chemical characteristics of rice brans and their application in cereal bars. The raw and roasted rice brans of the BRS Sertaneja, BRS Primavera and IRGA 417 cultivars differed in regard to the color parameter, with darkening, yellowing and reddening occurring with roasting. IRGA 417 s raw and roasted brans presented a lighter coloration in comparison with those of the BRS Primavera and BRS Sertaneja cultivars. The Free Profile made it possible to differentiate the samples by cultivar and roasting time. The longer the roasting time, the more intense were the brans roasted and burned aroma and flavor. The IRGA 417 cultivar was characterized by a less burnt aroma and flavor. IRGA and Primavera were more similar to each other and differed from the BRS Sertaneja cultivar for the same roasting times. The centesimal composition of rice bran changed during roasting, but rice bran may still be used as human food since it remains rich in proteins and lipids as well as increasing insoluble and total dietary fiber content. The roasting process lowered the level of reducer sugar and phytic acid in rice bran. As the quantity of roasted rice bran in the cereal bar formulations increased, there was a tendency toward lower rupture force (0.87 N), less water activity (0.54), intermediate density (0.76 g/cm3) and darkening of the bars (L* of 31. 20). The experimental formulation with the proportion of 0.34 roasted rice bran, 0.32 rice flakes and 0.34 corn flakes was closest to the bar with the greatest desirability. The experimental cereal bars with roasted rice bran may be classified as a functional product due to their high level of dietary fibers. The cereal bars formulated with roasted rice bran levels between 10.15% and 20% were accepted by consumers, varying on the scale between I liked it somewhat to I liked it a lot . / Este trabalho objetivou avaliar a influência do tempo de torra por microondas nas características sensoriais, físicas e químicas de farelos de cultivares de arroz e sua aplicação em barras de cereais. Os farelos de arroz cru e torrados se diferenciaram aos parâmetros de cor para as cvs. BRS Sertaneja, BRS Primavera e IRGA 417, com escurecimento, amarelecimento e avermelhamento com a torração. Os farelos cru e torrados da cv. IRGA 417 apresentaram coloração mais clara em relação às cvs. BRS Primavera e BRS Sertaneja. O Perfil Livre permitiu diferenciar as amostras quanto a cultivar e o tempo de torra. Quanto maior o tempo, os farelos caracterizaram-se com aroma e sabor mais intenso de torrado e de queimado. A cv. IRGA 417 caracterizou-se com aroma agradável e sabor adocicado. Os farelos das cvs. IRGA e BRS Primavera são mais parecidos e diferenciados dos farelos da cv. BRS Sertaneja, considerando os mesmos tempos de torra. O farelo de arroz modificou sua composição centesimal durante a torração, mas pode ser utilizado para alimentação humana, pois continua um produto rico em proteínas e lipídios, além de apresentar conteúdo de fibra alimentar insolúvel e total mais elevado. O processo de torra diminui o teor de açúcares redutores e de ácido fítico do farelo de arroz. Quanto maior a quantidade de farelo de arroz torrado nas formulações de barras de cereais observou-se tendência a menor força de ruptura (0,87 N), menor atividade de água (0,54), densidade intermediária (0,76 g/cm3) e escurecimento das barras (L* de 31,20). A formulação experimental com a proporção de 0,34 de farelo de arroz torrado, 0,32 de flocos de arroz e 0,34 de flocos de milho, se apresentou mais próxima da barra com maior desejabilidade. As barras de cereais experimentais com farelo de arroz torrado podem ser classificadas como produtos funcionais, devido ao alto teor de fibras alimentares. As barras de cereais formuladas com teores de farelo de arroz torrado entre 10,15% e 20% são aceitas pelos consumidores, variando na escala adotada entre gostei moderadamente e gostei muito.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-20T12:31:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Larissa de souza k.pdf: 1966700 bytes, checksum: 433c39e96a3a7d2b6e01f34c1043575e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-04-18 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / In recent years the search for foods that promote quality of life and expectation of consumers has grown worldwide. Species of Pleurotus cater to this trend because they are considered foods of high nutritional potential. This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro conditions of production and the nutritional properties of Pleurotus albidus in order to develop cereal bars. Initially we evaluated the influence of culture conditions on solid medium and physicochemical parameters in submerged fermentation to produce mycelial biomass. The results showed that the mycelial growth was similar in all culture media in the absence of light, however, in the presence of light growth in malt extract agar and malt extract agar with yeast extract was statistically superior compared with others. In submerged fermentation sucrose, fructose and maltose were the carbon sources that most favored the production of biomass, 7.28 g.L-1, 7.07 g.L-1, 6.99 g.L-1, respectively, and the best result was obtained with extract of yeast (7.98 g.L-1) as nitrogen source. The factorial design used to evaluate the influence of sucrose and yeast extract, agitation speed and pH indicated that all variables significantly influenced the production of biomass, especially the concentration of sucrose. The maximum biomass production (9.81 g.L-1) was in media containing sucrose (30.0 g.L-1), yeast extract (2.5 g.L-1), pH 7.0 and agitation speed (180 rpm). Biomass exhibited no microbial contamination or toxicity in the brine shrimp¸ and showed a reduction in antioxidant capacity with 28% DPPH. In nutritional quality, biomass indicated total carbohydrate 50.7%, 20.41% protein, 18.55% crude fiber, 8.18% ash, 2.66% fat and 308.34 Kcal. Potassium was the most abundant macromineral, followed by phosphorus, sodium and magnesium, with 17.13 g.kg-1, 12.31 g. Kg-1 3.52 g.Kg-1 and 2.06 g.Kg-1 respectively, while zinc (57.99 mg.Kg-1), iron (28.82 mg.Kg-1) and copper (3.97 mg.kg-1) were as trace minerals in greater quantities. All essential amino acids were detected in the biomass, being the most abundant leucine, lysine and valine at levels of 0.91 g.100g-1, 0.78 g.100 g-1 and 0.73 g.100 g-1, respectively. Aspartic acid (1.31 g.100 g-1), glutamic acid (1.14 g.100 g-1), alanine (1.12 g.100 g-1) and arginine (1.01 g.100 g-1) stood out in relation to non-essential amino acids. In relation to microbiological quality of the three formulations prepared cereal bars with different P. albidus biomass concentration (0%, 4% and 8%) were considered safe for human consumption. The addition of biomass of P. albidus in cereal bars increased the content of fiber, carbohydrates and minerals. The mean values of the attributes evaluated were not statistically different among the three formulations and all had acceptability index above 70%. The cultivation conditions provided the production of mycelial biomass of P. albidus for developing cereal bars, food product with nutritional and sensory qualities suitable for consumption, subject to technology transfer to industry and consequently a new alternative source of incomes. / Nos últimos anos a busca por alimentos que promovam a qualidade e expectativa de vida dos consumidores tem crescido mundialmente. Espécies de Pleurotus atendem para essa tendência, pois são considerados alimentos de elevado potencial nutricional. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar as condições in vitro de produção e as propriedades nutricionais de Pleurotus albidus visando a elaboração de barras de cereais. Inicialmente foi avaliada a influência das condições de cultivo em meio sólido e os parâmetros físico-químicos por fermentação submersa para produzir biomassa micelial. Os resultados mostraram que em meio sólido o crescimento micelial foi similar em todos os meios de cultivo na ausência de luz, contudo, na presença de luz o crescimento em ágar extrato de malte e ágar extrato de malte com extrato de levedura foi estatisticamente superior em relação aos demais. Na fermentação submersa sacarose, frutose e maltose foram as fontes de carbono que mais favoreceram a produção da biomassa, 7,28 g.L-1, 7,07 g.L-1, 6,99 g.L-1, respectivamente, e das fontes de nitrogênio o melhor resultado foi com extrato de levedura (7,98 g.L-1). O planejamento fatorial utilizado para avaliar a influência da concentração de sacarose e extrato de levedura, pH e velocidade de agitação indicou que todas as variáveis influenciaram significativamente na produção da biomassa, com destaque para a concentração da sacarose. A máxima produção de biomassa (9,81 g.L-1) foi em meio contendo sacarose (30,0 g.L-1), extrato de levedura (2,5 g.L-1), pH 7,0 e velocidade de agitação (180 rpm). A biomassa não apresentou contaminação microbiana nem toxicidade frente a Artemia salina¸e mostrou uma capacidade antioxidante com redução em 28% do radical DPPH. Na qualidade nutricional, a biomassa apresentou teor de carboidratos totais de 50,7%, 20,41% de proteínas, 18,55% de fibra bruta, 8,18% de cinzas, 2,66% de lipídios e 303, 34 Kcal. O potássio foi o macromineral mais abundante, seguido de fósforo, sódio e magnésio, com 17,13 g.Kg-1, 12,31 g.Kg-1, 3,52 g.Kg-1 e 2,06 g.Kg-1, respectivamente, enquanto zinco (57,99 mg.Kg-1), ferro (28,82 mg.Kg-1) e cobre (3,97 mg.Kg-1) foram os microminerais em maior quantidade. Todos os aminoácidos essenciais foram detectados na biomassa, sendo os mais abundantes a leucina, lisina e valina com teores de 0,91 g.100 g-1, 0,78 g.100 g-1 e 0,73 g.100 g-1, respectivamente. Ácido aspártico (1,31 g.100 g-1), ácido glutâmico (1,14 g.100 g-1), alanina (1,12 g.100 g-1) e arginina (1,01 g.100 g-1) destacaram-se em relação aos aminoácidos não essenciais. Na avaliação da qualidade microbiológica as três formulações de barras de cereais elaboradas com diferentes concentrações da biomassa de P. albidus (0%, 4% e 8%) foram consideradas seguras para consumo humano. A adição da biomassa nas barras de cereais elevou o teor de fibras, carboidratos e minerais. Os valores médios dos atributos avaliados não diferiram estatisticamente entre as três formulações e todos tiveram índice de aceitabilidade acima de 70%. As condições de cultivo proporcionaram a produção da biomassa micelial de P. albidus para o desenvolvimento de barras de cereais, produto alimentício com qualidades nutricional e sensorial adequadas ao consumo, passível de transferência tecnológica para a indústria e consequentemente uma nova alternativa de geração de renda.

Ce travail de recherche vise à évaluer le comportement au fluage de nouvelles structures composites en associant trois matériaux: le bois, le béton fibré ultra-haute performance (BFUP) et des armatures polymères renforcées de fibres de carbone (PRFC). Le but de la conception d'une telle section hybride est de faire usage des meilleures caractéristiques de chaque matériau afin d'augmenter sa capacité portante à l'ultime et/ou en service. Aussi, d'un point de vue du comportement mécanique, cette solution de renforcement vise à apprécier et hiérarchiser l'intérêt d'une telle solution liée aux effets déférés, particulièrement au fluage. La première étape consiste à mener une analyse expérimentale sur le comportement en statique de poutres hétérogènes bois-BFUP. Elle est exécutée afin de mieux comprendre le mécanisme d'endommagement ainsi que la performance pour définir le comportement au fluage. Pour cela, une campagne expérimentale en flexion quatre points portant sur trois poutres, dont une poutre témoin, a été conduite sous sollicitation statique. Les résultats obtenus confirment que les poutres hétérogènes Bois-BFUP apportent une optimisation de capacité portante ainsi que de la rigidité. Les poutres hybrides ont permis d'obtenir le même mode de rupture en flexion et la première rupture s'est produite dans la partie comprimée de BFUP supérieur. La seconde partie de la recherche est consacrée à l'analyse du comportement au fluage de poutres hétérogènes bois-BFUP nécessaire pour prédire les déformations à long terme dans des structures composites hybrides. Dans cette étude, deux types d'essai ont été réalisés : essai en environnement contrôlé et essai en environnement non contrôlé (extérieur). En environnement contrôlé les essais fluage ont commencé sous une charge constante de 24 kN dans le laboratoire avec des températures de 20±5 °C et une humidité relative entre 40% et 60%. Ces conditions climatiques peuvent être considérées comme un environnement de classe 1, conformément à l'Eurocode 5. Les résultats ont montré que la flèche de fluage de la poutre renforcée augmente peu tout au long de l'essai. A l'inverse de ces résultats, l'essai de fluage en environnement variable à l'extérieur du laboratoire, qui peut être considéré comme environnement de classe 3 suivant l'Eurocode 5, montre que les effets différés du bois et du béton jouent un rôle très important dans l'évolution de la flèche finale / This dissertation aims to evaluate the creep behaviour of a new composite structure combined three materials: the wood, the ultra-high performance fibre-reinforced concrete (UHPFRC) and the polymer fibre reinforced carbon (CFRP) according to their advantages and performances. The conception of such hybrid section is to use the best characteristics of each material to increase its bearing capacity in the ultimate and / or in service. Furthermore, from the point of view of design, this strengthening solution is to assess and prioritize the interests to reduce the deformation caused by the delayed effects, particularly caused by creep. The first part investigated an experimental analysis of the static behaviour of the wood-UHPFRC beam, and should be performed to understand the mechanism of the hybrid beam as well as the performance which are the directions to identify the creep behaviour. A four-points bending test setup on three beams, one beam witness, was conducted under static loading. The results confirm that heterogeneous Timber-UHPFRC beams provide an optimization of bearing capacity and stiffness. The hybrid beams have produced the same flexural mode of failure and the first crack occurred in the upper part of compressed UHPFRC. The second part of the research is devoted to the analysis of creep behaviour of heterogeneous wood beams UHPC necessary to predict long-term deformations in composite structures. In this study, two types of test setups were conducted: test in a sheltered and outdoor environment. In the sheltered environment, the creep test began under a constant load of 24 kN in the laboratory with temperatures of 20 ± 5 °C and a relative humidity between 40% and 60%. These climatic conditions can be considered as the service class 1, according to Eurocode 5. The results showed that the creep deflection of the reinforced beam gradually increases throughout the test. Unlike these results, the creep test in a variable environment outside the laboratory, which can be considered Class Service 3 to Eurocode 5, shows that the effect of time dependency behaviour of wood and concrete plays a very important role in the evolution of the creep deflection of the hybrid beams

Orientador: José Maria Campos dos Santos / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecânica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-27T14:11:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Nobrega_EdilsonDantas_M.pdf: 12912450 bytes, checksum: 790ec696a10ed45d5c22747b666dea61 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Resumo: A fim de superar as limitações atuais na análise dinâmica de estruturas em médias e altas frequências e tirando proveito da natureza periódica de muitas destas estruturas, nos últimos anos, foram desenvolvidos métodos de guia de ondas. São modelos obtidos a partir de fatias das guia de ondas e modeladas pelo Método dos Elementos Finitos (MEF) e pelo Método do Elemento Espectral (SEM), também conhecidos como Método de Propagação de Ondas por Elementos Finitos (Wave Finite Element Method - WFEM) e Método de Propagação de Ondas por Elementos Espectrais (Wave Spectral Element Method - WSEM), respectivamente. Exemplos de guia de ondas podem ser encontrados em diferentes tipos de estruturas tais como, os trilhos de trem, tubulações e até mesmo em estruturas complexas tipo a fuselagem de um avião e outras. Este trabalho apresenta uma extensão destes métodos de guias de ondas para a modelagem com elementos de barra de alta ordem. Os métodos foram implementados computacionalmente em códigos Matlab e os resultados são comparados com os do Método do Elemento Espectral (Spectral Element Method - SEM), do Método dos Elementos Finitos e com os do modelo analítico da Placa de Rayleigh-Lamb. Três elementos de barra de alta ordem são formulados: o modelo de Love (ou de Um modo), o modelo de Mindlin-Herrmann (ou de Dois modos) e o modelo de Doyle (ou de Três modos). O método é avaliado através de exemplos simulados computacionalmente e os resultados são analisados e comparados com aqueles da literatura / Abstract: In order to overcome the current limitations in the dynamic analysis of structures at middle and high frequencies and taking advantage of the periodic nature of many of these structures, in recent years, waveguide methods were developed. Models are obtained from slices of patterned waveguides, were developed by Finite Element Method (FEM) and Spectral Element Method, also known as Wave Finite Element Method - WFEM and Wave Spectral Element Method - WSEM. Examples of waveguides can be found in different types of structures such as the railroad tracks, pipelines and even complex structures like the fuselage of an airplane and others. This work presents an extension of these waveguides methods to model high order rod elements. The methods were implemented in Matlab codes and the results are compared with Spectral Element Method - SEM, Finite Element Method and the analytical Rayleigh-Lamb plate model. Three high order bar elements are formulated: the Love's model (or one mode), the Mindlin-Herrmann's model (or two modes) and the Doyle's model (or three modes). The method is evaluated through computationally simulated examples and the results are analyzed and compared with those of the literature / Mestrado / Mecanica dos Sólidos e Projeto Mecanico / Mestre em Engenharia Mecânica

Tide-influenced point bars represent a significant proportion of shallow-marine deposits, commonly developed along meandering channels in most backbarrier and estuarine systems. However, sedimentological studies to characterize this type of deposit are still emerging. They often present very heterogeneous internal architectures which development is controlled by the complex flow patterns operating in tidal environments. The study of the sedimentological and morphological characteristics of these features provides better understanding of the hydrodynamic processes that shape coastal systems and control their evolution as well as it contributes to better reservoir potential prediction and production strategy optimization, as tidal point bars may represent hydrocarbon reservoirs in subsurface and their heterogeneous characteristics directly impact reservoir quality. In this study, we investigated six modern tidal point bars located along distinct estuarine tidal channels in Georgia. Using core data, 2D shallow seismic data and current measurements and flow velocity profiles, we discussed the main hydrodynamic controls on sediment transport and distribution, and determined how they affect the morphology, the internal architecture and the sediment distribution within these bars. We confirmed that the influence of fluvial input in tidal channels plays an important role on the development of the morphology and the heterogeneous architecture of point bars as it adds more complexity to the system hydrodynamics, promoting more asymmetric variations in water level fluctuations and huge variations of current velocities. We proved that point bars developed in distinct tide-influenced channels and estuaries, although present very different sedimentary facies distribution, may have sedimentary facies in common, which organization is analogous to surface processes operating at each environment. We demonstrated that differences in tidal asymmetries between the ebb and flood channels produce sedimentological differences between the different parts of the bar. This study showed that tidal point bars present distinct heterogeneous sediment distributions, morphologies and internal architectures that do not conform to the existing theoretical models of fluvial point bars and highlighted that, despite the differences in local hydrodynamic conditions, similarities identified between the different bars permitted us to distinguish the sedimentological responses to regional allogenic events, which can be mistakenly interpreted as sedimentological responses to local autogenic events.

El presente proyecto se basa en la elaboración de barras nutricionales a base de cereales andinos con espirulina ya que estos poseen un alto valor nutricional y pueden ayudar a combatir la malnutrición o enfermedades relacionadas a ello en niños en pleno desarrollo y crecimiento, por lo cual se realizó una investigación sobre este problema latente en nuestro país. La espirulina es uno de los principales insumos dentro de la elaboración de nuestro producto ya que aportan positivamente al desarrollo pleno tanto físico como cognitivo de los niños gracias a sus múltiples beneficios nutricionales como minerales Hierro, calcio, potasio, zinc, vitaminas A, B1, B2 y C, proteínas, ácidos grasos como omega 3 y 5, además de crear el sentir de saciedad al consumir pequeñas dosis en los alimentos. En la actualidad no existen productos similares que están dirigidos a los niños de entre 5 a 11 años con estas propiedades y es por ello que los padres de familia buscan sustitutos nutricionales que en su mayoría no contienen las cantidades para aportar a la formación saludable de sus hijos. / The present project is based on the elaboration of nutritional bars based on Andean cereals with spirulina since these have a high nutritional value and can help to combat malnutrition or related diseases in children in full development and growth, for which reason carried out an investigation on this latent problem in our country. Spirulina is one of the main inputs in the elaboration of our product since it contributes positively to the full physical and cognitive development of children thanks to its multiple nutritional benefits such as minerals Iron, calcium, potassium, zinc, vitamins A, B1, B2 and C, proteins, fatty acids such as omega 3 and 5, in addition to creating the feeling of satiety when consuming small doses in food. Currently there are no similar products that are aimed at children between 5 to 11 years old with these properties and that is why parents are looking for nutritional substitutes that mostly do not contain the amounts to contribute to the healthy formation of their children. children. / Trabajo de investigación

This master’s thesis is focused on design of stepper conveyor, that is used for transport od round bars of lengths from 3 m to 12 m and diameters from 20 mm to 100 mm between chamfering machines. It is a machinery assembled from chain conveyors and roller conveyors, which allows transverse and lengthwise movement of bars. The main goal was reduction of energetic demands compared to present solution of conveyor.

This thesis seeks to discuss conducting technique in relation to real-time communication of Vamp, Safety-Bars and Lead-Ins through left-hand gestures within the context of opera and musical theatre. The research aims to develop a codified set of gestures suitable for the left-hand. It will explore and analyse left-hand gestures which are commonly used, but not yet codified, and the importance in which the preparatory beat plays a role in communicating the Vamp and Lead-In. This research also aims to establish a framework for conductors to create their own left-hand gestures and better understand musical structure used in Opera and Musical Theatre. The new gestures developed through research into visual and body languages (such as sign languages) as well as body movement (sound painting). The gestures will be tested through one artistic project, with three sections, then analysed using methods of qualitative inquiry. The paper is narrative based in its structure; with the reader guided through each topic by the last. The introduction sets up the main idea for this thesis, then each section is guided by these elements. The research questions and aims were formed because of the available literature; thus, they appear after the theory chapter.

This work is dedicated to small distance contact-less measurement. Especially the surface detection of the commutator or collector of the electrical machines was described. The probes utilising the induction principle of the distance measurement have been developed. The part of the work described the history of the induction distances sensing in FEEC BUT and the using of the induction principle in the industry small distances sensing nowadays. The paper concretely determines the possibilities of the small distances measurement using mentioned probes. The sensitivity for different materials was investigated and the error of the measurement for different measuring object was investigated, too. The effects, that could affected the measurement error, were described in the work. The contribution of the each effect for the total measuring error was specified. Next part is including the description of the measuring workstation and of the hardware and software. At the end the verification of the measuring principle and measuring workstation is presented. The verification has been made on three different commutator types. The verification results are in the conclusion.

The aim of this semester work is to analyze the losses of induction motor, according to their measure, use programs using the finite element method for the detection of the motor and the subsequent evaluation and comparison of the results obtained. The first part deals with the general AM, losses and measure their losses. The next section is very Lossmeasurement submitted asynchronous motors. The measured two machines have different characteristics in the sheet. The following section is calculating the losses using the finite element method using ANSYS Maxwell and RMXprt.The next part is the analysis of motor losses with a different number of rotor bars. This section is addressed to the models developed and validated by measuring the actual machine.