O uso de novos materiais na construção civil combinado com a alta tecnologia dos processos construtivos pode conduzir à redução de custo e melhoria no comportamento da estrutura. Recentemente, em função da corrosão das barras de aço dentre outros fatores, muitos pesquisadores têm sugerido a utilização de barras não-metálicas como substituição das barras aço nas estruturas em concreto. Além das barras não-metálicas permitirem cobrimentos menores e possibilitarem menor custo de manutenção, outras vantagens no seu uso podem ser citadas, tais como: pequeno peso específico, alta resistência à tração, não condutibilidade elétrica, térmica e magnética, entre outras. Este trabalho analisa o comportamento da aderência entre barras de GFRP (barras de fibra de vidro impregnada por polímero) e o concreto, por meio de uma revisão bibliográfica e ensaios de arrancamento padronizados, segundo o RILEM-FIP-CEB (1973). Foram consideradas as influências dos parâmetros como a resistência à compressão do concreto e o diâmetro da barra de GFRP. Com base nos resultados experimentais, buscou-se comparar o comportamento de aderência barra de GFRP-concreto e barra de aço-concreto, além da verificação das formulações para previsão da resistência de aderência segundo códigos normativos e a literatura técnica, para estruturas armadas com barras de aço e barras de FRP. Posteriormente, realizou-se a análise numérica da aderência, por meio do método dos elementos finitos. Nos modelos experimentais de arrancamento pode-se perceber a influência das propriedades mecânicas e da conformação superficial das barras de GFRP no comportamento da aderência, apresentando menores resistências de aderência quando comparadas às barras de aço de diâmetro similar. O valor da resistência de aderência determinado experimentalmente foi maior que o valor proposto pelos códigos normativos. Os modelos numéricos não representaram satisfatoriamente o comportamento experimental, visto que se trata de uma simulação numérica linear e o comportamento experimental força x deslocamento é não-linear. / The use of new materials in civil construction combined with high technology processes leads to improvements in many aspects, like cost reductions and better structural behavior. Recently, due to corrosion of the steel bars, among other factors, many researchers have been suggesting the use of non-metallic bars as a substitution of the steel reinforcement in concrete structures. Besides, the non-metallic bars allow smaller clear cover and make possible lower maintenance cost, other advantages can be mentioned, such as: low specific weight, high tensile strength, electrical, thermal and magnetic non-conductivities, and others. This work analyzes the bond behavior between GFRP bars (Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer bars) and concrete, through state-of-art and standard pull-out tests, according to RILEM-FIP-CEB (1973). The influence of some parameters, as compressive concrete strength and GFRP bar diameter, was considered. Based on the experimental results, it was aimed at comparing the bond behavior of the GFRP-concrete bar with the steel-concrete bar, in addition to the verification of bond strength formulations established by the standards codes and the bibliography for structures reinforced with steel bars and FRP bars. Further, the bond numerical analysis was carried out through finite elements. In the pull-out tests, the influence of mechanical properties and superficial conformation on the GFRP bars was observed in the bond behavior, presenting smaller bond strength than the steel bars of similar diameter. The value of the experimental bond strength was larger than the value proposed by standards codes. The numerical models did not represent well the experimental behavior given that a linear numerical simulation was considered, but, actually, the experimental load x slip behavior is non-linear.

A cidade de São Paulo registrou altas taxas de homicídio durante os anos 1990 e 2000. Este fenômeno está profundamente relacionado com os elevados níveis de criminalidade urbana no final de 1970. Em geral, os estudos sobre crimes violentos enfatizam o impacto da distribuição desigual de direitos, o domínio do crime organizado, e incapacidade do Estado para fazer cumprir a lei e manter a ordem. No entanto, há uma falta de literatura sobre os crimes violentos como resultado de conflitos interpessoais. Esta dissertação propõe transitar do o nível macro ao nível micro de análise, bem como mudar o foco dos estudos de homicídios para os estudos sobre conflito. Os dados utilizados foram autos de processo penal para crime de homicídio registrados entre 1991 e 1997 em 16 delegacias das regiões Norte e Oeste do município de São Paulo; foram selecionados 30 processos de conflitos ocorridos em bares. Este estudo analisou também o entendimento jurídico da banalidade. Nos últimos anos, aumentou o discurso de certos meios de comunicação sobre as razões triviais dos crimes violentos. Identificou-se que os conceitos banais e fúteis são manipulados a fim de qualificar tipos aceitáveis de sensibilidade e emoções sociais envolvidos em crimes violentos. Por fim, foi examinado como agressores, vítimas e testemunhas justificam os conflitos e as violências deles resultantes. Identificou-se que as hostilidades são consequência de brigas ou desafios públicos; isso significa que o conflito surge como uma forma de estabelecer limites e fronteiras para as autoridades sociais. Neste cenário, tem-se como resultado que a desconfiança interpessoal parece sustentar o uso da violência. / The city of São Paulo recorded high rates of homicide during the 1990s and 2000s. This phenomenon was deeply related with the high levels of urban crime in the late 1970s. In general, the violent crime studies emphasize the impact of unequal distribution of rights, the domain of organized crime, and the state\'s inability to enforce the law and maintain the order. However, there is a lack of literature on the violent crimes as result of interpersonal conflict. This master thesis proposes to move from the macro level toward micro level of analysis, and change the focus from homicide studies into interpersonal conflict studies. The data used were criminal records of murders between 1991 and 1997, gathering in 16 police stations located in the North and West areas of São Paulo; it was selected 30 violent crimes committed in bars. This study also examined the legal understanding of banality. In recent years, certain media discourse has increased around \"trivial reasons\" of violent crimes. It was identified that the banal and futile concepts are manipulated in order to qualify acceptable types of sensibilities and social emotions involved in violent crimes. Lastly, it is examined how offenders, victims and witnesses justify the conflicts and the interpersonal violence outcomes. It was identified that the hostilities is consequence of quarrels or public challenges; it means the conflict arises as a way of setting limits and boundaries for the social authorities. As a result, in this scenario interpersonal distrust seems to sustain the use of violence.

Those who today hear the name Djurhamn are maybe first thinking of a summer resort place with sunbathing, swimming and recreational boating activities. Djurhamn has an interesting and fascinating history well intertwined with the history of Sweden. The interesting history was exposed by the Stockholm Sport Diving Club which, during the summers of 1964 and 1965, brought up a large number of finds from the bottom of Djurhamn. The findings could essentially be dated to be in the in the period 1500s to 1700s. Like other parts of the East Coast Djurhamn was hit in "Russian raids" in the early 1700s. The known meetings of warships during the Vasa era and the history of naval ship Riskswasas fate also reflects the interesting parts of Djurhamn history. While working on this, a number of dives were made at the bottom of the basin in Djurhamn. Two side-scan surveys have also been conducted. Overall, this has not resulted in any change of the picture of what's on Djurhamns bottom. A previously unknown wreck that lies south of the cemetery have, however, been located based on information from the public. The finds from the dives during 1964 and 1965 talk about food and drinks, cooking utensils, three-leg pots and bottles speaks their language. Even earlier dated bargain materials speak the same language. It is a place where everyday objects leave imprints on the bottom along with the testimony of a brickyard, which flourished for a short period. Which traces have been left from the naval activities? Practically none. On land there are no naval monuments. The objects which were brought up at the 1960 dives were almost entirely attributable to the applications connected to cooking. Our modern society is a complex reality. There are homes, workplaces, hospitals, places of entertainment, etc. People are born, grow up, grow old and die. What do we find in the signs of the Djurhamn? Well, a picture that much is a reflection of today's society. Also here you are born grown up grown old and finally dead. Heavy drinking has flourished. In addition to self-household and shipping, there has been brick industry and cholera quarantine. Finally, perhaps Djurhamn over time is best described as farmers, fishermen and hungry sailors’ history more than the history of the fleet in the Vasa kings’ service.

The study consists mainly of two parts. The first part is related to the dynamic strength enhancement of honeycombs under uniaxial compression. We firstly study numerically this particular phenomenon of thin-walled structure by using three micro-size FE models and this allows us to reveal the role played by lateral inertia in the dynamic enhancement. Further more, the dynamic enhancement of a series of honeycombs with different cell-size, cell-wall thickness and base material is studied experimentally and the influence of these geometric parameters and the base material on honeycomb strength as well as the dynamic enhancement rate is investigated. The second part of this study concerns the biaxial behavior of honeycombs under combined shear-compression. We firstly present a combined dynamic shear-compression loading device basing on a large-diameter Nylon Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar system. Then, a series of quasi-static and dynamic experiments on an aluminium honeycomb is performed with loading angles ranging from 0o to 60o (part of shear more and more important). It shows a strong effect of the additional shear loading to honeycomb overall strength. A notable strength enhancement under impact loading is observed for all the honeycomby b specimens. Images captured during tests permit for the determination of the two co-existing deforming patterns under combined shear-compression. Finally, the combined shear-compression tests on honeycombs are reproduced by a numerical virtual model and the separated normal and shear behaviors of honeycombs under combined shear-compression are obtained. A crushing envelope in normal strength vs. shear strength plane was obtained on the basis of these simulations, which shows an isotropic expansion behavior from the quasi-static loading to the dynamic loading.

A burgeoning mega-club in the heart of Montreal's gay village, Sky embodies many forces active in gay club cultures and villages across North America at the end of the twentieth century. This project documents the daily operations of Sky--as a complex architectural site, a complicated set of managerial practices, and a popular space in Montreal's Village--and outlines the theoretical implications of such an establishment for both the gay community and for club culture more generally. A large entertainment complex currently undergoing a major expansion, Sky cannot be theorized as either a wholly oppressive or completely liberatory development. Although Sky presents some of the advantages of a mega-club for the gay community--increased diversity, accessibility and community--it also highlights the disadvantages in the development of such establishments: concentration of ownership, the removal of a gay presence from city streets, and the promotion of certain gay identities and cultures over others.

With the rise in constructing using FRP reinforcement, owing to corrosion problems in steel-reinforced structures, there is a need for a system to resist lateral loads induced from wind and earthquake loads. The present study addressed the applicability of reinforced-concrete shear walls totally reinforced with glass-fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) bars to attain reasonable strength and drift requirements as specified in different codes. Four large-scale shear walls - one reinforced with steel bars (as reference specimen) and three totally reinforced with GFRP bars - were constructed and tested to failure under quasi-static reversed cyclic lateral loading. The GFRP-reinforced walls had different aspect ratios covering the range of medium-rise walls. The reported test results clearly showed that properly designed and detailed GFRPreinforced walls could reach their flexural capacities with no strength degradation, and that shear, sliding shear, and anchorage failures were not major problems and could be effectively controlled. The results also showed recoverable and self-centering behavior up to allowable drift limits before moderate damage occurred and achieved a maximum drift meeting the limitation of most building codes. Acceptable levels of energy dissipation accompanied by relatively small residual forces, compared to the steel-reinforced shear wall, were observed. Finite element simulation was conducted and the analyses captured the main features of behavior. Interaction of flexural and shear deformations of the tested shear walls was investigated. It was found that relying on the diagonal transducers tended to overestimate shear distortions by 30% to 50%. Correcting the results based on the use of vertical transducers was assessed and found to produce consistent results. Decoupling the flexural and shear deformations was discussed. Using GFRP bars as elastic material gave uniform distribution of shear strains along the shear region, resulting in shear deformation ranging from 15 to 20% of total deformation. The yielding of the steel bars intensified the shear strains at the yielding location, causing significant degradation in shear deformation ranging from 2 to 40% of total deformation. The results obtained demonstrated significantly high utilization levels of such shear wall type, therefore, primary guidelines for seismic design of GFRP-reinforced shear wall in moderate earthquakes regions was presented, as no design guidelines for lateral load resistance for GFRP-reinforced walls are available in codes. The ultimate limit state was addressed by providing strength capacity that limit ductility demand to their safe flexural displacement capacity. The strength demands were derived from ground motion spectra using modification factors that depend on both the strength and energy absorption of the structure. Deformation capacity was derived by proposing new definitions for elastic (virtual yield) displacement and maximum allowable displacement. Strength modification factor was proposed based on the test results. The occurrence of "virtual plastic hinge" for GFRP-reinforced shear walls was described providing new definitions convenient with the behavior of the GFRP-reinforced shear walls. "Virtual plastic hinge" length was estimated based on observations and calculations. Subsequently, the experimental results were used to justify the proposed design procedure. The promising results could provide impetus for constructing shear walls reinforced with GFRP bars and constitute a step toward using GFRP reinforcement in such lateral-resisting systems.

The emergence of the relationship marketing approach in the marketing field is seen as a paradigm shift from the traditional marketing mix of ‘4 Ps’. As a result, organisations began to look for ways to develop strong and lasting relationships with their customers. This paradigm shift resulted in relationship marketing being researched extensively. Most research on relationship marketing has been done from the perspective of the organisation. The uniqueness of this particular study lies in the fact that research has been done from the perspective of the customer (licensed tavern owners).The aim of this study is to investigate the perceived value of relationship marketing from the perspective of the customer (licensed tavern owners). The study focuses on the relationship between the supplier organisation (Distell Limited) and the customers (licensed tavern owners). The empirical study was quantitative in nature. Data was collected using self-administered questionnaires. The research study focused on a sample of 100 licensed taverns in the Durban Metropolitan Area of KwaZulu-Natal, of which 96 responded. The findings of the study confirmed the importance of relationship marketing activities as applied by the supplier organisation to the licensed tavern owners. Significant importance was placed on relationship marketing strategies: the results rated social bonds as most important, followed by structural bonds and then financial bonds. The most important contribution of the study is in the development of a framework for the management of long-term relationships. This was done through the construction of a model which can be used for the development and the management of long-term relationships in the supplier-customer context. The current study focused on one sector of the liquor industry, namely the licensed tavern business. / Thesis (MBA)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2012.

Frontal Protection Systems (FPS) have become a popular accessory for passenger vehicles. They are used to protect the front of a vehicle during minor impacts, and to attenuate the impact energy during major impacts. With the increased safety of modern passenger vehicles, the fitment of a FPS to a vehicle requires careful consideration to the design and installation of the FPS as they may modify vehicle crush characteristics. This is particularly important in vehicles fitted with air bags. These community and industry concerns triggered the research discussed in this thesis, which is the first comprehensive project undertaken in this particular area. This project generated comprehensive research knowledge on the impact response and energy absorption of FPS in order to evaluate performance. This involved a range of experimental testing supplemented by finite element analysis. Experimental testing was conducted using quasi-static and dynamic techniques to assess the overall performance of current FPS available. Finite element models were then generated and analysed using both implicit and explicit techniques, and calibrated against the experimental testing results. These models were used throughout the project to assess the FPS response, in particular the energy absorbed, to changes in impact characteristics. FPS assessment guidelines were developed from the knowledge generated from the numerous FPS tests and analyses carried out in this research project. These guidelines have been used in the design and evaluation of a number of FPS for airbag compatibility. The real life performance of vehicles fitted with these FPS, have given confidence to the assessment criteria developed in this research project. This project has demonstrated that FPS can be designed to complement the safety systems of modern passenger vehicles, and thus passenger safety. This would not have been possible without the comprehensive research carried out in this project.

O uso de novos materiais na construção civil combinado com a alta tecnologia dos processos construtivos pode conduzir à redução de custo e melhoria no comportamento da estrutura. Recentemente, em função da corrosão das barras de aço dentre outros fatores, muitos pesquisadores têm sugerido a utilização de barras não-metálicas como substituição das barras aço nas estruturas em concreto. Além das barras não-metálicas permitirem cobrimentos menores e possibilitarem menor custo de manutenção, outras vantagens no seu uso podem ser citadas, tais como: pequeno peso específico, alta resistência à tração, não condutibilidade elétrica, térmica e magnética, entre outras. Este trabalho analisa o comportamento da aderência entre barras de GFRP (barras de fibra de vidro impregnada por polímero) e o concreto, por meio de uma revisão bibliográfica e ensaios de arrancamento padronizados, segundo o RILEM-FIP-CEB (1973). Foram consideradas as influências dos parâmetros como a resistência à compressão do concreto e o diâmetro da barra de GFRP. Com base nos resultados experimentais, buscou-se comparar o comportamento de aderência barra de GFRP-concreto e barra de aço-concreto, além da verificação das formulações para previsão da resistência de aderência segundo códigos normativos e a literatura técnica, para estruturas armadas com barras de aço e barras de FRP. Posteriormente, realizou-se a análise numérica da aderência, por meio do método dos elementos finitos. Nos modelos experimentais de arrancamento pode-se perceber a influência das propriedades mecânicas e da conformação superficial das barras de GFRP no comportamento da aderência, apresentando menores resistências de aderência quando comparadas às barras de aço de diâmetro similar. O valor da resistência de aderência determinado experimentalmente foi maior que o valor proposto pelos códigos normativos. Os modelos numéricos não representaram satisfatoriamente o comportamento experimental, visto que se trata de uma simulação numérica linear e o comportamento experimental força x deslocamento é não-linear. / The use of new materials in civil construction combined with high technology processes leads to improvements in many aspects, like cost reductions and better structural behavior. Recently, due to corrosion of the steel bars, among other factors, many researchers have been suggesting the use of non-metallic bars as a substitution of the steel reinforcement in concrete structures. Besides, the non-metallic bars allow smaller clear cover and make possible lower maintenance cost, other advantages can be mentioned, such as: low specific weight, high tensile strength, electrical, thermal and magnetic non-conductivities, and others. This work analyzes the bond behavior between GFRP bars (Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer bars) and concrete, through state-of-art and standard pull-out tests, according to RILEM-FIP-CEB (1973). The influence of some parameters, as compressive concrete strength and GFRP bar diameter, was considered. Based on the experimental results, it was aimed at comparing the bond behavior of the GFRP-concrete bar with the steel-concrete bar, in addition to the verification of bond strength formulations established by the standards codes and the bibliography for structures reinforced with steel bars and FRP bars. Further, the bond numerical analysis was carried out through finite elements. In the pull-out tests, the influence of mechanical properties and superficial conformation on the GFRP bars was observed in the bond behavior, presenting smaller bond strength than the steel bars of similar diameter. The value of the experimental bond strength was larger than the value proposed by standards codes. The numerical models did not represent well the experimental behavior given that a linear numerical simulation was considered, but, actually, the experimental load x slip behavior is non-linear.

Orientador: João Alberto Venegas Requena / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-17T11:24:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Montagner_SergioLuiz_M.pdf: 16057258 bytes, checksum: 485609187652884da30fd6467e760158 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: A aplicação de estruturas mistas está sendo cada vez mais utilizada para a otimização dos custos da estrutura em obras civis. Uma alternativa para este tipo de estrutura é o composto por uma viga treliçada de perfil metálico e uma mesa de concreto armado conectado à viga metálica através de conectores de cisalhamento. Esta é uma alternativa de baixo custo final, porém com um agravante, não está prevista em normas nacionais vigentes. A norma canadense, CZSC [7] (Canadian Institute of Steel Construction - Handboock of Steel Construction), é uma das poucas normas que descreve o dimensionamento deste tipo de estrutura. É com o auxílio desta e de outras normas internacionais, como o Eurocode 4 [10/11] (European Standard - Design ofComposite Steel and Concrete Strutures) e a AISC [1] (American Institute of Steel Construction, Inc. - Load and Resistance Factor Design Specification for Structural Steel Buildings), assim como com o estudo do contexto em que este tipo de estrutura está sendo empregado mundialmente através de artigos e literaturas específicas, que este projeto, a partir desta problemática, tem por objetivo formular uma solução que atenda às limitações da norma nacional, a NBR 8800 [24] (Norma Brasileira Registrada - Projeto e Execução de Estruturas de Aço em Edifícios), adaptando-a às proposições da revisão de seu escopo, a NBR 8800 [23] (Norma Brasileira Registrada 8800 - Projetos e Execução de Estruturas de Aço e de Estruturas Aço-Concreto de Edifícios), resultando ao final na automatização de seu dimensionamento através de um programa computacional desenvolvido ao longo desta pesquisa. / Abstract: Not informed. / Mestrado / Estruturas / Mestre em Engenharia Civil