ABSTRACT Background: In all cancer therapies occurs more or less side effects, there one of them are mucositis. Symptoms of mucositis include wound and blister in the oral mucosa and affects 50-80% of children undergoing cancer treatment. Today there is no Swedish tested assessment scale for mucositis. Aim: To describe how teenagers with cancer and parents of children younger than 12 years with cancer perceive issues in a mouth-assessment instruments, Children’s International Mucositis Evaluation Scale (ChIMES), that have recently been translated into Swedish. Method/Design: The study was a quantitative descriptive research design. The participants were teenagers with cancer 12- 18 years (N=15), and parents (N=15) of children younger than 12 years. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, independent t-test and manifest content analysis. The theoretical framework used is Orem nursing theory from 1995.  Results: The result shows that there is no difference in the comprehension of the Swedish version of the ChIMES between parents and teenagers. The result also shows that the participants believes the questionnaire contained adequate questions for the assessment of mucositis. They also think that ChIMES is an easy tool to use for assessing the severity of mucositis. A manifest content analysis identified three categories: Unclear increments, more questions demanded, and hard to underestimate younger children.   Conclusion: The Swedish version of the ChIMES is understood by Swedish citizens, both by teenagers and parents. Furthermore, they agree that this is a well designed tool to use when assessing the severity of mucositis in children. / SAMMANFATTNING   Bakgrund: I all cancerbehandling förekommer mer eller mindre svåra biverkningar, varav mukosit är en av dem. Symtom vid mukosit är bland annat sår- och blåsor i munslemhinnan och drabbar 50-80% av de barn som genomgår cancerbehandling. Idag finns inget svenskt testat munskattningsinstrument för mukosit. Syfte: Att beskriva hur tonåringar med cancer och föräldrar till barn under 12 år med cancer uppfattar frågorna i ett munbedömningsinstrument, Children’s International Mucositis Evaluation Scale (ChIMES) som nyligen översatt till svenska. Metod/Design: Studien har kvantitativ deskriptiv forskningsdesign. Deltagarna var tonåringar med cancer 12- 18 år (N=15), och föräldrar (N=15) till barn med cancer yngre än 12 år. Data analyserades med deskriptiv statistik, oberoende t-test samt manifest innehållsanalys. Den teoretisk referensram som används är Orems egenvårdsteori från 1995. Resultatet: visar att det inte föreligger någon skillnad mellan hur tonåringar och föräldrar till barn under 12 år förstår frågorna i ChIMES. Frågornas relevans vid skattningen av mukosit anses hög och ChIMES ansågs också vara ett lättanvänt instrument för skattning av blåsor i munnen.  En manifest innehållsanalys identifierade tre kategorier: Otydliga skalsteg, Fler frågor efterfrågas, & Svårt att skatta yngre barns signaler.   Slutsatsen: Den svenska versionen av ChIMES är lätt att förstås och innehåller relevanta frågor.

No description available.

Geographical Information Systems (GIS) are computer-based systems designed to store, organize, analyse and present spatial data. They can be used to help understand and answer a wide variety of problems in fields such as environmental management, resource planning and retail location and development. This thesis aims to explore the GIS education provided within university Geography departments (or units) in both the UK and Turkey. The main topics for investigation are the nature and scale of the GIS provision, the principal characteristic of the teaching, learning and assessment processes and also graduate employability – how far the courses and their students satisfied employer needs. Although there is a substantial literature on GIS education, this thesis is different for two reasons. First, because it takes a more holistic approach to examining many aspects of GIS education within a number of case study departments. Second, because it covers two different countries, which can then be compared. With reference to the research methods, this PhD examined ten case study departments, six from the UK and four from Turkey. The data collected were derived from a combination of student questionnaires, staff interviews, teaching observations and reading course documents. Both qualitative and quantitative were used to examine the data. In the UK the main types of provision were found to be some 90 GIS named modules within Geography undergraduate programmes, 22 GIS Masters degrees and 7 UG GIS programmes. In Turkey, where engineering is the leading GIS discipline, there were 61 modules in undergraduate Geography, two Geography-based Masters programmes and no GIS undergraduate degrees. In the UK the great majority of GIS II provision in Geography degrees takes the form of modules which are optional, with the result that most Geographers obtain only a very limited understanding of GIS and its applications. By contrast, in Turkey, the GIS modules are typically compulsory and the subject therefore occupies a more central and prominent position in the curriculum. In both countries, more than 70 percent of students said they were satisfied with their GIS teaching (with no statistically difference in satisfaction levels related to the gender or year of study). Although this is a positive finding, there were some weakness and disappointments. With respect to curriculum design and delivery, insufficient attention was given to use of Intended Learning Outcomes (ILOs) and in both countries students complained about too much theory and about teaching which was too heavily based on lectures and not sufficiently active and student centred (especially in Turkey). GIS staff rarely took part in teaching related CPD and GIS was little used outside the formally designated modules. GIS employer opinions were varied on the quality of graduates but common criticisms were that they lacked the business awareness and in Turkey had often poor standards of English. The links between academia and the GIS profession were patchy. The thesis ends with over 20 recommendations, the most important of which is for Geography as a discipline to give more priority to GIS. Particularly in the UK (though less so in Turkey), many Geographers graduate with little knowledge or experience of GIS. In the age of the information economy, this is a significant missed opportunity.

Magistro darbe yra išanalizuotos ir įvertintos Lietuvos eksporto plėtros galimybės 2004 – 2008 metų laikotarpiui. Sukaupta, susisteminta ir apibendrinta įvairių Lietuvos ir užsienio autorių mokslinė literatūra, siekiant išsiaiškinti tarptautinės prekybos sampratą, eksporto įtaką Lietuvos ekonomikai, Lietuvos ekonominės politikos poveikį eksportui. Pateikiama eksporto nauda Lietuvai ir įvertinti veiksniai, įtakojantys eksporto pokyčius. Atlikta Lietuvos eksporto dinamikos analizė pagal šalis bei prekių grupes bei įvertinti užsienio prekybos pokyčiai, Lietuvai tapus Europos Sąjungos nare. Išanalizuotos lietuviškos kilmės prekių eksporto galimybės. Patvirtinta suformuluota hipotezė, kad lietuviška produkcija turi perspektyvą įsitvirtinti užsienio rinkoje. / The Master‘s Paper analyses and assesses the export expansion possibilities in Lithuania in 2004 – 2008. Scientific literature of various Lithuanian and foreign authors has been collected, systemized and summarized in order to identify the concept of international trading, impact of export on the economy of Lithuania, impact of Lithuanian economical politics to the export. The benefit of export to Lithuania has been described and the factors impacting the changes of export have been assessed. Analysis of Lithuanian export dynamics was performed by countries and groups of the goods and changes of foreign trading have been assessed after Lithuania became the member of the European Union. The export possibilities for the goods of Lithuanian origin have been analyzed. The formulated hypothesis that the Lithuanian products have a perspective to strengthen a position in the foreign market has been approved.

Background: Within one year after the end of treatment the relapse occur in 20-80% of clients. In case of methamphetamine results indicate that after six months appear relapse in 36% of clients and from 7 to 19 months after cessation of treatment relapse occur in rest of 15% of them. These situations include the occurrence of craving by clients in therapy and after undergoing of therapy too. Craving during abstinence from 20 to 120 weeks indicate 60- 70% of abstinence clients. In recent years become useful method for data collection - a method of Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA). This method collects data from clients in real time in their natural environment via smartphones. Aim: The aim of this work is to investigate the possibilities and limits of application of the method (EMA) with the help of smartphones in terms of residential treatment for clients addicted to methamphetamine. Sample: 12 patients in mid-term hospital treatment which use smartphone with EMA application focused on craving. Methods: Semi-structured interview with patients, other patients and staff about smartphones/EMA application and how influence the treatment. Results: Most of patients, co-patients and staff didn't have problem with the presence of smartphones in the residential treatment. Functioning in the treatment...

The purpose of this thesis is to examine how teachers in the swedish language subject perceive and experience summative assesment of students’ essays. A second purpose is to investigate how teachers go about doing summative assessments of students’ texts. This qualitative study used semi-structured interviews, ranging from 18 to 48 minutes in length, with a total of six teachers of the swedish language subject in upper and secondary school.. The results indicates that the teachers’ found it difficult and complex to make summative assesments of students’ essays for a variety of reasons. For exampel teachers must take into consideration numerous factors when converting their assessment into a grade. The teachers also replied that summative assessment of students’ texts is a very time-consuming and not so inspiring part of their professional practice. The teachers answered that they largely assessed the students texts on their own, but if they felt uncertain they could request help from a colleague. Most teachers agreed that it would be beneficial if all assessments of writing were done collaboratively, but that there is no time to co-evaluate. Several teachers also meant that the national exams function as help in their own assessment, as it became something to relate to.

<p>This study is about to see whether the two models representing the strategies of lean production is to use and apply in different companies. The models are structured in two different ways in which one of them is checking the softer elements of lean production in the form of leadership and strategies. This model is called Lesat and is based on interviewquestions. The second model, called "learning to see" is about identifying flows. This, together shall then give an idea of how mature companies are when it comes to a whole in the concept of lean production, and susceptibility to use these models to their respective companies.</p><p> </p><p>The study is conducted in two companies, SKF couplings systems and AQ parkoprint. SKF is a company that makes connections through a special method called the oil injection method. Parkoprint produces mainly parking meters of all kinds, this is done in close cooperation with customers and their preferences.</p><p> </p><p>The study has been carried out by means of interviews of individuals in leadership positions in each business. We also interviewed operations personnel and has developed facts through observation and computer systems to make the flow surveys.</p><p> </p><p>The results show that the models themselves are useful and functional. However, it became more difficult to use the Lesat showing soft data, rather than "learn to see" that focuses mostly on flows. This is for several reasons. One of the reasons was that the companies examined were not quite at the level existing strategies and leadership that Lesat calls, this makes it difficult to estimate where in the assessment firms ports when the people interviewed do not really are in line or understand how the model or concept works in some areas. In addition to this we experienced it difficult to make a fair assessment when the model in any way based on subjective assessments from companies and then marked in a way that also tends to be of subjective nature. From this perspective, we believe that Lesat model fit better in a study of the companies that has made more of work on lean production and has achieved a higher degree of maturity, and thus become a little easier to rate and provide a more realistic sense.</p><p> </p><p>It appears that the models worked with different conditions and also with different results. However, the two worked so well that it clearly has been able to see the potential strengths, weaknesses and possible improvements in the respective organization. This means that the combination of the two satisfactory to achieve a whole, and that any use, ie organization, can help to improve and lead organizations to more effectively work with and against the lean production.</p>

La tesi fornisce un inquadramento teorico e metodologico sull'uso del test di Rorschach di coppia, passando in seguito ad esaminare l'affidabilità della siglatura nei protocolli individuali e congiunti, la loro validità discriminante e accuratezza per concludersi con un esame più approfondito del significato relazionale di alcune specifiche combinazioni di indicatori. / This dissertation covers theoretical and methodological issues in couple Rorschach assessment, the scoring reliability and validity of individual and conjoint records. Finally, the diagnostic accuracy and the clinical meaning of composite Rorschach indicator are considered.

This study is about to see whether the two models representing the strategies of lean production is to use and apply in different companies. The models are structured in two different ways in which one of them is checking the softer elements of lean production in the form of leadership and strategies. This model is called Lesat and is based on interviewquestions. The second model, called "learning to see" is about identifying flows. This, together shall then give an idea of how mature companies are when it comes to a whole in the concept of lean production, and susceptibility to use these models to their respective companies.   The study is conducted in two companies, SKF couplings systems and AQ parkoprint. SKF is a company that makes connections through a special method called the oil injection method. Parkoprint produces mainly parking meters of all kinds, this is done in close cooperation with customers and their preferences.   The study has been carried out by means of interviews of individuals in leadership positions in each business. We also interviewed operations personnel and has developed facts through observation and computer systems to make the flow surveys.   The results show that the models themselves are useful and functional. However, it became more difficult to use the Lesat showing soft data, rather than "learn to see" that focuses mostly on flows. This is for several reasons. One of the reasons was that the companies examined were not quite at the level existing strategies and leadership that Lesat calls, this makes it difficult to estimate where in the assessment firms ports when the people interviewed do not really are in line or understand how the model or concept works in some areas. In addition to this we experienced it difficult to make a fair assessment when the model in any way based on subjective assessments from companies and then marked in a way that also tends to be of subjective nature. From this perspective, we believe that Lesat model fit better in a study of the companies that has made more of work on lean production and has achieved a higher degree of maturity, and thus become a little easier to rate and provide a more realistic sense.   It appears that the models worked with different conditions and also with different results. However, the two worked so well that it clearly has been able to see the potential strengths, weaknesses and possible improvements in the respective organization. This means that the combination of the two satisfactory to achieve a whole, and that any use, ie organization, can help to improve and lead organizations to more effectively work with and against the lean production.

Paper presented at the 15th IUGSA Conference, 12-14 November 2012, Bloemfontein