The aim of the theoretical part is to explain the expressions of evaluation and self?evaluation and their relationship, to show their forms and kinds, to formulate and offer the solutions to the chosen problems of evaluation, describe the ingredients for self-evaluation and its gradual development at elementary school and outline its importance for further development of a person. In the practical part of the work I find out with the help of interviewing 24 respondents if they realize the importance of self-evaluation for the personality of pupil. I compare the results to the theoretical part of my work. Further I discover how much they include the self-evaluating activities in their teaching and what is difficult in the process of evaluation. I have processed the responds with the help of qualitative method. I am enclosing the list of activities which are suitable for the development of self?evaluation of pupils. Some photos are attached to those activities that are used at Christian elementary school in Jihlava.

Evaluation of the civic education is by itself very specific and there are a lot of schools, teachers and students that reflect on the most effective way how to evaluate the civic education. The aim of my thesis is to focus on the evaluation forms that are most acceptable for the students, teachers and parents and that can provide as much information as possible. In the theoretical part will be in general described the evaluation, its functions and forms which are applied at the second level of elementary school. The main focus will be put on the forms of evaluation, mainly on the classification and verbal assessment. There will be discussed the advantages and on the contrary the disadvantages of using these forms of evaluation as well as how they can affect the student and motivate him for his further education. The practical part of my thesis will be devoted to a questionnaire survey at the second level of elementary school. In this research I will focus on students, parents and teachers with the intention to find out what forms of evaluation do they prefer and whether the evaluation can really affect student?s motivation to learn.

The aim of the thesis is to study the pseudonymous letters of Aeschines, all of which purport to give an account of his sojourn in exile. There is a strong consensus among scholars that all the letters are forgeries, and their date of composition tends to be located in the first few centuries CE on linguistic grounds. Embracing a variety of literary forms, these letters were probably composed by multiple hands and may for convenience be divided into three categories: Letters 2, 3, 7, 11, 12 imitate the ‘Demosthenic’ letters in a manner similar to the Hellenistic (and beyond) historical declamations and progymnasmata; Letters 1, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10 come to us with features reminiscent of what German scholars would call Briefromane, or ‘epistolary novels’, and are normally deemed typical of the so-called Second Sophistic; and Letter 4 is a showpiece assuming the form of a Pindaric exegesis. The thesis consists of two parts. The first gives an extensive account of the letters, including their background, history of scholarship, and basic features, to seek to present the ‘forger’ and the text in their proper historical and cultural contexts. The second part, which constitutes the basis for the reflections developed in the first, provides a detailed commentary in thematic sequence. It begins with the ‘Demosthenic’ counterparts (Epp. 2, 3, 7, 11, 12), and stylistic comparisons are made throughout. The analysis of the fictional letters (Epp. 1, 5, 6, 8, 9) pays particular attention to their consistency of narrative and engagement with other literary genres. The commentary on Letter 4 foregrounds the Pindaric elements and completes the thesis. Letter 10 is discussed at sporadic points: it is a later attachment to the corpus and the erotic content is inconsistent with the ‘original’ forgeries. The overall focus of the thesis is on two overlapping aspects of Aeschines’ early reception in antiquity – as ‘the other orator’ beside Demosthenes and as inspiration for later rhetorical education. Existing studies, however, are more concerned with textual criticism and linguistic analysis and have left the letters almost unproductive in these respects: so Drerup (1904), Schwegler (1914), and, most recently, García Ruiz and Hernández Muñoz (2012). In his classic work Goldstein (1968) took the parallel passages in the pseudonymous letters as evidence for authenticating Demosthenes’ letters, and scholars are now able to take advantage of a more reliable reference when studying Ps.-Aeschines. Holzberg (1994), on the other hand, established a set of generic criteria for the Briefromane and has substantially changed the way we read Ps.-Aeschines: it is now possible to appreciate the literary value of the letters without scrutinising their authenticity. Yet both these studies tell us only half the story: while Goldstein left more remarks on the imitative counterparts of Demosthenes’ letters, Holzberg focused on the way the letters reflect the epistolary narrative. Following Rohde (1876/1960), moreover, it seems common sense to characterise the pseudo-historical tale as seen through the letters as a product of the ‘Second Sophistic’, though discoveries of new papyri, e.g. the Ninus romance c. first century BCE, undermined this assumption. My study is built on these investigations in an attempt to form the most extended analysis. The study of the ‘Demosthenic’ counterparts will contribute to a better understanding of Ps.-Aeschines’ intertextual engagement with Demosthenes and his successors, e.g. Ps.-Leosthenes (FGrH 105 F 6 = MP3 2496). It shows that Ps.-Aeschines owes a great deal to the culture of rhetoric and highlights his significance in the Nachleben of Attic oratory. As for the other letters, this thesis argues that they deserve some space in our accounts of the history of exilic, periegetic, and epinician literatures for contextualising a wide range of preexisting literary forms such as the Homeric Odyssey (Ep. 1) and Pindar’s victory odes (Ep. 4). As contingent by-products of the ‘Demosthenic’ counterparts, however, they seem to allow no confident judgement about generic consciousness, esp. the very notion of ‘novel’, and need to be approached as antedating the Imperial exponents. Contrary to the communis opinio, therefore, I attempt to move the date of composition forward to the late Hellenistic period, in which there was already ample encouragement for a sophist, as well as for his students, to write pseudonymous letters. The ‘traitors’ blacklist’ (Ep. 12.8–9) and the term for the Rhodian family of Diagoreans (Ep. 4.4) entertain this possibility inasmuch as both show marked affinities with the Hellenistic sources. Last but not least, the two coexisting, radically opposed interpretations of one’s civic orientation in exile will help us tackle the stability and change in the political cultures of the post-Classical era. My conclusion is that these letters hold a unique position as very early – and very illuminating – examples of how different literary, political trends were interwoven to make, and to remould, a Classic. It is hoped that this study may have done something to reappraise Ps.-Aeschines, who is, in all likelihood, a pre-sophisticated forerunner at a crossroads in the history of Greek literature.

Submitted by IVANOR LUIZ GUARNIERI null (ivanoremarta@hotmail.com) on 2016-02-15T18:53:07Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Ivanor Luiz Guarnieri Tese O Engenho e os retábulos de Osman Lins.pdf: 2742680 bytes, checksum: be037b46bd03c27d303b64e16cab3770 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Paula Grisoto (grisotoana@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-02-17T12:47:49Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 guarnieri_il_dr_sjrp.pdf: 2742680 bytes, checksum: be037b46bd03c27d303b64e16cab3770 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-02-17T12:47:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 guarnieri_il_dr_sjrp.pdf: 2742680 bytes, checksum: be037b46bd03c27d303b64e16cab3770 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-05 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / A hipótese inicial desta pesquisa sugeria a existência de procedimentos intersemióticos no discurso literário do escritor Osman Lins (1924-1978). Contudo, a leitura de todas as suas obras, somada ao estudo de parte de sua fortuna crítica, indicava também outro elemento importante de sua poética: sua crítica social. Com isso, chegou-se à seguinte questão: como a literatura intersemiótica de Osman Lins se realiza e, ao realizar-se, contribui para avançar as fronteiras de seu trabalho, sem perder a perspectiva ético-social desse autor? A tese está dividida em cinco capítulos e três partes. Na primeira parte, o capítulo um apresenta as obras de Osman Lins e o capítulo dois destaca os processos de bricolagem, metaficção e intertextualidade. Na segunda parte, o capítulo três enfoca os procedimentos de intersemioticidade, em especial nas obras da segunda fase do escritor, expandindo as fronteiras de seu discurso literário; o quarto capítulo trata da imagética presente em uma das narrativas de Nove, novena, intitulada “Retábulo de Santa Joana Carolina”. Na terceira parte da tese, demonstramos como os procedimentos intersemióticos são decisivos por contribuírem para a realização do compromisso ético do autor, compromisso que se efetiva em sua crítica social. / The initial hypothesis of this research suggested the existence of intersemiotic procedures in the literary discourse of the writer Osman Lins (1924-1978). However, the reading of all his works, in addition to the study of their critical reception, also indicated another important element of his poetics: his social criticism. Thereafter, the following question was raised: how is Osman Lins’ intersemiotic literature performed and how does it contribute for stretching the boundaries of his work, without losing the author’s ethical and social perspective? This thesis is divided into five chapters and into three parts. In the first part, the chapter one presents Osman Lins’ works and the second chapter focuses on the processes of bricolage, metafiction and intertextuality. In the second part, the chapter three focuses on the intersemiotic procedures, especially in the works of the second period of the writer, which expands the boundaries of his literary discourse; the fourth chapter deals with the imagery that is present in one of the narratives from Nove, Novena, entitled “Retábulo de Santa Joana Carolina”. In the third part of this thesis, we demonstrate how intersemiotic procedures are crucial once they contribute for the accomplishment of the ethical commitment of the author, which becomes effective through his social criticism.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:24:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-09-03Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:52:48Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 oliveira_arc_me_rcla.pdf: 769124 bytes, checksum: 51f07e82a0a21b5c9270a52d5d3e2500 (MD5) / Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) / Este trabalho trata da classificação geométrica das formas binárias quádricas e cúbicas. Além disto, aplicamos esta classificação ao estudo de máquinas de catástrofes / This work make reference of the geometry classification of the two variables quadratic, cubic and quartic forma. Before that, the aplication that classification in study of the catastrophe machines

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-05-08Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:55:18Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 balsalobre_srg_me_arafcl.pdf: 2727888 bytes, checksum: 739dbb997bfbf339a7c1798aeb27907f (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Esta pesquisa tem, como objetivo principal, a análise da inter-relação entre fatores de ordem linguística e social a partir de um corpus jornalístico: a Imprensa Negra paulista – movimento realizado por negros e destinado a essa população no período posterior à abolição da escravatura no Brasil. A formação dessa imprensa se deu pela necessidade de veicular as reivindicações por melhores condições de vida e as propostas de inserção na sociedade brasileira. Para cumprir o objetivo desse trabalho, de se estabelecer relações interdependentes entre usos linguísticos e fatores sociais, foram analisados três periódicos da Imprensa Negra: O Kosmos, O Alfinete e O Clarim d’Alvorada. Essa escolha se justifica por uma combinação de fatores, entre eles a disponibilidade desse material, o período e local de produção (primeiras décadas do século XX / cidade de São Paulo) e o propósito de cada um desses periódicos. Para atingir esse propósito, optou-se por analisar o sistema de formas de tratamento empregado nos jornais, por se acreditar que esse fenômeno linguístico representa um exemplo privilegiado da relação entre a escolha linguística e seu motivador social. A fim de se estabelecer os usos da população negra e os usos tipicamente empregados pelo jornalismo da época, fez-se necessário comparar os dados da Imprensa Negra, com um jornal de circulação mais ampla na cidade de São Paulo: O Combate. Uma vez que o jornal é um gênero textual constituído por textos de naturezas diversas, privilegiou-se a proposta teórico-metodológica de Bonini (2003, 2004, 2006), que prevê a análise do jornal como um hipergênero, com o intuito de se avaliar as características peculiares de cada um dos gêneros do jornal para, posteriormente, relacioná-las com o emprego das formas de tratamento. O fenômeno lingüístico, em análise no presente estudo... / The main objective of this research is the analysis of the interrelation between the linguistic and the social factors from a journalistic corpus: the São Paulo “Imprensa Negra” – a movement carried through by blacks and destined to this population in the period after the slavery abolition in Brazil. The formation of this press occurred because of the need of propagating the claims for better living conditions and the proposals of insertion in the Brazilian society. To fulfill the objective of this work, we analyzed three “Imprensa Negra” newspapers: O Kosmos, O Alfinete e O Clarim d’Alvorada. This choice is justified by a combination of factors, including the material availability, the production period and place (the beggining of the 20th century / São Paulo city) and the specificity of these newspapers. To achieve this purpose, we chose to analyze the addressing system used in the newspaper, because we belive that this linguistic phenomenon is a privileged example of the relationship between the language choice and its social motivation. In order to establish the black population uses and the uses typically employed by the journalism of the time, it was necessary to compare the “Imprensa Negra” to the widest circulation newspaper in the São Paulo city: O Combate. Since the newspaper is a genre consisting by texts of different natures, we emphasize the theoretical proposal of Bonini (2003, 2004, 2006), which provides the newspaper analysis as a hypergenre, in order to evaluate the peculiar characteristics of each newspaper genre for relating them to the employment of the addressing forms. We analyzed the linguistic phenomenon of this study from the relationship of some theoretical points of view: the Soto (2001) proposal of the speaker’s situation analysis, the inquiry of the interactivity marks proposed by Andrade (2008) and the semantics... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

The purpose of this paper is to study if there is a causal relationship between socioeconomic resources and political participation. Are socioeconomic resources important for political participation? Are forms of participation important for the outcome of the political participation? These are some questions this study intends to answer. To answer these questions this study has studied the case of the municipality of Botkyrka in Sweden and therefore the case study method was used. The material was analyzed on the basis of the resource model by Sidney Verba and Nie and Robert Dahl's five criteria for democracy. The results of this study showed that in the case “Botkyrka” the socioeconomic resources largely determine how much politically involved you are. The “districts” with fewer resources were generally much less political active than those districts that had better resources. However, the study also shows that in the forms of participation that was less resource intensive, there was also less difference in the outcome of the political participation between the districts in the municipality of Botkyrka compared to the forms that required more resources. This shows that the choice of “forms of participation” is important in terms of achieving an increased political participation among those with less resources.

Advinda da cana-de-açúcar, planta exótica introduzida no Brasil em meados de 1504, a cachaça tornou-se um produto tipicamente nacional e sua história desenvolveu-se juntamente com a história do país. Atualmente, a bebida é produzida em grande quantidade e alguns estados produtores já são reconhecidos como símbolos de qualidade, como por exemplo, o Rio Grande do Sul. O estado gaúcho é o quarto colocado em relação à produção de cachaça artesanal e destaca-se pelas iniciativas de melhoria e de apresentação dos produtos. A iniciativa mais marcante foi a criação, no ano de 2005, do grupo chamado Alambiques Gaúchos, o qual se constitui no objeto de estudo desse trabalho. O setor da cachaça sofre influência de diversos fatores, como a informalidade, questão cultural, conflitos internos, tributos, concorrência entre outros e a relação entre estes reflete na forma como a organização estudada se governa. A teoria que compreende esse estudo é a Nova Economia Institucional (NEI), principalmente na corrente microanalítica chamada Economia dos Custos de Transação (ECT), contemplada pelos trabalhos de Williamson. Por meio de um estudo de caso baseado no Esquema da Indução das Formas de Governança, proposto por Zylbersztajn, pretende-se compreender o encadeamento dos fatores que influenciam as transações do grupo Alambiques Gaúchos, identificando sua estrutura de governança e seus mecanismos de coordenação. Uma pesquisa quanti-qualitativa foi realizada e utilizou-se a estatística descritiva e a Análise Estrutural Discreta Comparada para a análise e interpretação dos dados. Concluiu-se que a estrutura de governança que poderia ser adotada pelo grupo seria a do tipo híbrida, no entanto, não há coordenação, o que impossibilita uma maior organização das empresas integrantes, prejudicando a inserção da cachaça gaúcha, tanto nos nichos de mercado nacionais quanto internacionais. / Coming from the sugar cane, exotic plant introduced in Brazil around 1504, the cachaça become a typical product and its history has developed along with the country. Nowadays, this drink is produced in large scale and some States producers are known for its high quality, Rio Grande do Sul is an example of that. This State is the fourth regarding the production of handmade cachaça, mainly because its initiatives of improvement and presentation of products. The most remarkable initiative was the creation, in 2005, of the group called Alambiques Gaúchos, that is the object of study on this paper. The sector of cachaça is influenced by several factors, such as informality, cultural issues, internal conflicts, taxes, competition, and it reflects on the way an organization governs itself. The theory in this study is the New Institutional Economics (NIE), mainly in the micro analytical method called Transaction Cost Economics (TCE), covered by the work of Williamson. Through a case study based on the Induction Scheme of the Forms of Governance, proposed by Zylbersztajn, the aim is to understand the factors that influence the transactions of the group Alambiques Gaúchos, identifying the governance structure and its mechanisms of coordination. A quantitative and qualitative research was done and descriptive statistics and Comparative Structural Analysis Discrete to the analysis and interpretation data. It was concluded that the governance structure concluded that the governance structure that could be adopted by the group, would be hybrid, however, there is no coordination. It makes not possible a larger organization of members, prejudicing the inclusion of the handmade cachaça both in national or international markets.

In severely ill hospitalised patients with diabetes mellitus (type 1 and type 2) there is an increase in metabolic rate. Insulin requirements are increased and glycaemic control becomes more difficult to achieve. The insulin sliding-scale is a form of „top up‟ therapy used to supplement the patients existing hypoglycaemic medication. In 2002, research at Livingstone Hospital found that 14 different sliding scales were used in 38 patients (Du Plessis, 2002: 79). In 2006 the nurses and doctors working in the general medical wards at Livingstone Hospital indicated that they were willing to use a standardised insulin sliding scale protocol (Smith, 2006: 56). Thus the aim of this study was to assess whether a standardised insulin protocol can be effectively implemented. The objectives of the study were to: 1) assess insulin usage via insulin sliding scales prior to the implementation of the standardised insulin protocol; 2) implement the standardised insulin protocol; and 3) reassess insulin usage after the implementation of the standardised insulin protocol. As the study involved evaluating the use of insulin via the insulin sliding scale and the implemented insulin protocol, it occurred in four phases. The preliminary phase entailed obtaining ethical approval. The pre-intervention phase included data collection in the form of a nursing questionnaire and the auditing of patient medical records using a data collection tool. The intervention phase involved education sessions on the new insulin protocol for the nursing staff, and the implementation of a standardised insulin protocol, while the post-intervention phase comprised of post-intervention data collection, which included a nursing questionnaire, a prescribers questionnaire and the auditing of patient medical records using a data collection tool. The overall impression obtained from the comparison between the pre- and post-intervention nursing questionnaire was conflicting; in some aspects the educational intervention was successful in others not. Regardless the indication obtained was that the nursing staff require more in-service training on a more regular basis as a lack of knowledge regarding diabetes mellitus as a disease state may negatively affect patient outcomes. The overall response from the nursing staff towards the insulin protocol was positive. The prescribers‟ response to the insulin protocol was conflicted. The number of correct insulin sliding scale doses administered in the pre-intervention and post intervention phase improved by 5.25 percent. The number of incorrect insulin sliding scale doses administered during the pre- and post -intervention phase decreased by 5.25 percent. These results are positive and may be due to fewer sliding scales being prescribed in the post-intervention phase and the implemented insulin protocol. Only three (5.55%; n=54) inpatients with Type 1 diabetes mellitus were placed on the implemented protocol that is, the basal bolus regime, and rarely were dose adjustments to their insulin made rendering the effectives of the protocol undesirable. Only four (7.40%; n=54) inpatients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus were placed on the implemented protocol that is, an intermediate- to long-acting insulin (Protophane®). However all four patients experienced immediate improvements in their fasting blood glucose levels. These results indicated that by adding an intermediate- to long-acting insulin (Protophane®) to the therapy of a patient with Type 2 diabetes mellitus fasting blood glucose levels decrease. This would improve patient outcomes and decrease the risk of related diabetic complications. These limited results may indicate a clinical inertia on the part of the prescribers. Unfortunately overall the educational intervention was not successful and the implementation of the protocol was not successful and did not yield the desired results.

Orientador: Rosane de Andrade Berlinck / Banca: Eva Ucy Miranda Sá Soto / Banca: Tânia Maria Alkimin / Resumo: Esta pesquisa tem, como objetivo principal, a análise da inter-relação entre fatores de ordem linguística e social a partir de um corpus jornalístico: a Imprensa Negra paulista - movimento realizado por negros e destinado a essa população no período posterior à abolição da escravatura no Brasil. A formação dessa imprensa se deu pela necessidade de veicular as reivindicações por melhores condições de vida e as propostas de inserção na sociedade brasileira. Para cumprir o objetivo desse trabalho, de se estabelecer relações interdependentes entre usos linguísticos e fatores sociais, foram analisados três periódicos da Imprensa Negra: O Kosmos, O Alfinete e O Clarim d'Alvorada. Essa escolha se justifica por uma combinação de fatores, entre eles a disponibilidade desse material, o período e local de produção (primeiras décadas do século XX / cidade de São Paulo) e o propósito de cada um desses periódicos. Para atingir esse propósito, optou-se por analisar o sistema de formas de tratamento empregado nos jornais, por se acreditar que esse fenômeno linguístico representa um exemplo privilegiado da relação entre a escolha linguística e seu motivador social. A fim de se estabelecer os usos da população negra e os usos tipicamente empregados pelo jornalismo da época, fez-se necessário comparar os dados da Imprensa Negra, com um jornal de circulação mais ampla na cidade de São Paulo: O Combate. Uma vez que o jornal é um gênero textual constituído por textos de naturezas diversas, privilegiou-se a proposta teórico-metodológica de Bonini (2003, 2004, 2006), que prevê a análise do jornal como um hipergênero, com o intuito de se avaliar as características peculiares de cada um dos gêneros do jornal para, posteriormente, relacioná-las com o emprego das formas de tratamento. O fenômeno lingüístico, em análise no presente estudo... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The main objective of this research is the analysis of the interrelation between the linguistic and the social factors from a journalistic corpus: the São Paulo "Imprensa Negra" - a movement carried through by blacks and destined to this population in the period after the slavery abolition in Brazil. The formation of this press occurred because of the need of propagating the claims for better living conditions and the proposals of insertion in the Brazilian society. To fulfill the objective of this work, we analyzed three "Imprensa Negra" newspapers: O Kosmos, O Alfinete e O Clarim d'Alvorada. This choice is justified by a combination of factors, including the material availability, the production period and place (the beggining of the 20th century / São Paulo city) and the specificity of these newspapers. To achieve this purpose, we chose to analyze the addressing system used in the newspaper, because we belive that this linguistic phenomenon is a privileged example of the relationship between the language choice and its social motivation. In order to establish the black population uses and the uses typically employed by the journalism of the time, it was necessary to compare the "Imprensa Negra" to the widest circulation newspaper in the São Paulo city: O Combate. Since the newspaper is a genre consisting by texts of different natures, we emphasize the theoretical proposal of Bonini (2003, 2004, 2006), which provides the newspaper analysis as a hypergenre, in order to evaluate the peculiar characteristics of each newspaper genre for relating them to the employment of the addressing forms. We analyzed the linguistic phenomenon of this study from the relationship of some theoretical points of view: the Soto (2001) proposal of the speaker's situation analysis, the inquiry of the interactivity marks proposed by Andrade (2008) and the semantics... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre