Although regulations and requirements for water quality source monitoring have increased, drinking water distribution systems can still be considered vulnerable to purposeful or accidental contamination. This study analyzes the transport of the hypothetical contaminant Cryptosporidium through the distribution system of a city with a population of 30,000 to 50,000 in an attempt to locate the optimal monitoring locations in the distribution system. Cryptosporidium was selected due to its resistance to chlorine and it’s conservative properties for vulnerability assessments. The method for selecting the optimal monitoring locations was taken from Chastain (2004) which developed and examined the method for a virtual city. However, Chastain did not apply the method to an actual city. This study looks to use Chastain’s method conjunctively with WaterCAD® and Excel in an attempt to accommodate to the small scale systems which are more vulnerable relatively speaking. The results of the analysis, shown in Appendices A and B, are grouped into zones of significance which contain a cluster of optimal points for placing water quality sensors. These zones of significance are to be taken as a guide for mitigating potential terrorist initiated events on the water distribution system.

In this dissertation we focus on fractional-order dynamical systems and classify these problems as optimal control of system described by fractional derivative, fractional-order nonlinear differential equations, optimal control of systems described by variable-order differential equations and delay fractional optimal control problems. These problems are solved by using the spectral method and reducing the problem to a system of algebraic equations. In fact for the optimal control problems described by fractional and variable-order equations, the variables are approximated by chosen wavelets with unknown coefficients in the constraint equations, performance index and conditions. Thus, a fractional optimal control problem is converted to an optimization problem, which can be solved numerically. We have applied the new generalized wavelets to approximate the fractional-order nonlinear differential equations such as Riccati and Bagley-Torvik equations. Then, the solution of this kind of problem is found using the collocation method. For solving the fractional optimal control described by fractional delay system, a new set of hybrid functions have been constructed. Also, a general and exact formulation for the fractional-order integral operator of these functions has been achieved. Then we utilized it to solve delay fractional optimal control problems directly. The convergence of the present method is discussed. For all cases, some numerical examples are presented and compared with the existing results, which show the efficiency and accuracy of the present method.

Within commercial broiler production, feed and feed manufacturing costs account for 60 to 70% of production costs. Of these feed costs specifically, ingredients that supply energy and protein represent the highest expenditure, verifying the importance of knowing the nutrient requirements of current broiler strains to ensure accurate least-cost formulation. To reduce these production costs and optimize performance, primary breeder companies and nutritionists continuously strive to improve nutrient utilization of commercial broiler strains. As a result of this, a great magnitude of work is conducted to determine the nutrient requirements for broilers, especially amino acids. Therefore, the overall objective of this dissertation was to utilize processing measurements, multiple statistical models, and economics as a whole to determine the optimal percent digestible Isoleucine:digestible Lysine ratio (dIle:dLys) for Ross 708 x Ross YP male broilers to improve growth performance and economic return. Chapter 2 determined the optimal dIle:dLys ratio for the starter phase (d 0-18), while Chapter 3 determined the optimal ratio for the grower phase (d 14-28), and Chapter 4 determined the optimal ratio for the finisher phase (d 28-42). All experimental diets for each respective growth phase were created from a common deficient corn and soybean meal-based diet. After manufacturing, half was retained to create the summit diet through the addition of crystalline Ile. The remaining five experimental diets for each respective growth phase were obtained by blending proportions of the deficient and summit diets. All dIle:dLys ratios were estimated using quadratic regression (QR; 95% of the asymptote), as well as linear and quadratic broken line models (LBL; QBL). Regression analysis from d 0-18 using multiple regression models estimated the ratios to range from 63-73% for BW and BWG and 68-74% for FCR. Based on the data from the grower phase and using multiple regression models, the estimated ratios ranged from 62-68% for BW and BWG and 67-70% for FCR and are similar to the current breeder nutrient specifications. Data from the finisher phase and once again using multiple regression models estimated the ratios to range from 62-66% for BW and BWG and 63-66% for FCR.

京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(情報学) / 甲第24266号 / 情博第810号 / 新制||情||136(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院情報学研究科システム科学専攻 / (主査)教授 大塚 敏之, 教授 石井 信, 教授 森本 淳 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Informatics / Kyoto University / DFAM

Single particle tracking has become a ubiquitous class of tools in the study of biology at the molecular level. While the broad adoption of these techniques has yielded significant advances, it has also revealed the limitations of the methods. Most notable among these is that traditional single particle tracking is limited to imaging the particle at low temporal resolutions and small axial ranges. This restricts applications to slow processes confined to a plane. Biological processes in the cell, however, happen at multiple time scales and length scales. Real-time feedback-driven single particle tracking microscopes have emerged as one group of methods that can overcome these limitations. However, the development of these techniques has been ad-hoc and their performance has not been consistently analyzed in a way that enables comparisons across techniques, leading to incremental improvements on existing sets of tools, with no sense of fit or optimality with respect to SPT experimental requirements. This thesis addresses these challenges through three key questions : 1) What performance metrics are necessary to compare different techniques, allowing for easy selection of the method that best fits a particular application? 2) What is a procedure to design single particle tracking microscopes for the best performance?, and 3) How does one controllably and repeatably experimentally test single particle tracking performance on specific microscopes?. These questions are tackled in four thrusts: 1) a comprehensive review of real-time feedback-driven single particle tracking spectroscopy, 2) the creation of an optimization framework using Fisher information, 3) the design of a real-time feedback-driven single particle tracking microscope utilizing extremum seeking control, and 4) the development of synthetic motion, a protocol that provides biologically relevant known ground-truth particle motion to test single particle tracking microscopes and data analysis algorithms. The comprehensive review yields a unified view of single particle tracking microscopes and highlights two clear challenges, the photon budget and the control temporal budget, that work to limit the two key performance metrics, tracking duration and Fisher information. Fisher information provides a common framework to understand the elements of real-time feedback-driven single particle tracking microscopes, and the corresponding information optimization framework is a method to optimally design these microscopes towards an experimental aim. The thesis then expands an existing tracking algorithm to handle multiple particles through a multi-layer control architecture, and introduces REACTMIN, a new approach that reactively scans a minimum of light to overcome both the photon budget and the control temporal budget. This enables tracking durations up to hours, position localization down to a few nanometers, with temporal resolutions greater than 1 kHz. Finally, synthetic motion provides a repeatable and programmable method to test single particle tracking microscopes and algorithms with a known ground truth experiment. The performance of this method is analyzed in the presence of common actuator limitations. / 2024-01-16T00:00:00Z

<p> The dual configuration is innovated as a new approach in sensitivity reduction. Three types of sensitivity due to variations in plant parameters are discussed. It has been shown that cost insensitive and terminal insensitive designs are indeed achievable by applying the dual configuration to implement the optimal control. </p> <p> The theory has been developed for a general class of optimal systems and the linear systems with quadratic cost functionals have been analytically evaluated to illustrate the theory. </p> / Thesis / Master of Engineering (ME)

<p> An improvement on the synthesis of a distributed RC notch filter, by computer-aided design techniques, is appraised. A brief presentation of the synthesis of thin-film RC tapered networks is made, along with applied uses of computer-aided design to RC distributed networks, particularly in the realizability of certain RC transfer functions.</p> <p> The preparation of the problem, accompanied by different methods of approach, is explained. Included are criticisms made, leading to the reasons for abandoning the more tasking ones.</p> <p> The Adjoint Network method of determining, gradients, with respect to circuit adjustable parameters, is evaluated fully, and the important use which it lends to the optimization problem is demonstrated. The outcome of the design approaches are given in tables, with theoretical responses compared in graphs. Actual circuit responses are indicated in photographs, and comparisons with theoretical responses are shown in graphs.</p> / Thesis / Master of Engineering (MEngr)

<p> A self-synchronized echo ranging system with optimum utilization of signal estimation and detection strategies has been designed and simulated. A binary convolution code has been utilized to modulate the transmitter signal. The random medium is modelled by a vector sum of a fixed and a random component; the medium fading process has a Rician distribution density. A channel estimator has been derived using a maximum a posteriori probability criterion. The estimator is an adaptive processor whereby the variance of the medium fading process is recomputed during each updating cycle. The estimator attempts to provide a coherent input to the correlator. An optimum processor for the signalling described is an ordered serial estimator-correlator combination. It is conjectured that the estimator offers an improvement in signal processing gain of approximately 5 dB over and above the non-optimized system. Accompanying this is an improvement in peak-to -sidelobe ratio and in false alarm probability. A 3 bit (8 level) quantized system is conjectured to be a 'good' trade-off between degradation in system performance and simplification in system implementation.</p> / Thesis / Master of Engineering (MEngr)

Yes / Beamforming in multi-user MIMO (MU-MIMO) systems is a vital part of modern wireless communication systems. Researchers looking for best operational performance normally optimize the problem and then solve for best weight solutions. The weight optimization problem contains variables in numerator and dominator: this leads to so-called variable coupling, making the problem hard to solve. Formulating the optimization in terms of the signal to leakage and noise ratio (SLNR) helps in decoupling the problem variables. In this paper we study the performance of the SLNR with variable numbers of users and handset antennas. The results show that there is an optimum and the capacity curve is a concave over these two parameters. The performances of two further variations of this method are also considered.

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