This study examined the impact of load on lower body performance variables during the hang power clean. Fourteen men performed the hang power clean at loads of 30%, 45%, 65%, and 80% 1RM. Peak force, velocity, power, force at peak power, velocity at peak power, and rate of force development were compared at each load. The greatest peak force occurred at 80% 1RM. Peak force at 30% 1RM was statistically lower than peak force at 45% (p = 0.022), 65% (p = 0.010), and 80% 1RM (p = 0.018). Force at peak power at 65% and 80% 1RM was statistically greater than force at peak power at 30% (p < 0.01) and 45% 1RM (p < 0.01). The greatest rate of force development occurred at 30% 1RM, but was not statistically different from the rate of force development at 45%, 65%, and 80% 1RM. The rate of force development at 65% 1RM was statistically greater than the rate of force development at 80% 1RM (p = 0.035). No other statistical differences existed in any variable existed. Changes in load affected the peak force, force at peak power, and rate of force development, but not the peak velocity, power, or velocity at peak power.

For a graph G=(V,E), we consider placing a variable number of pebbles on the vertices of V. A pebbling move consists of deleting two pebbles from a vertex u∈V and placing one pebble on a vertex v adjacent to u. We seek an initial placement of a minimum total number of pebbles on the vertices in V, so that no vertex receives more than some positive integer t pebbles and for any given vertex v∈V, it is possible, by a sequence of pebbling moves, to move at least one pebble to v. We relate this minimum number of pebbles to several other well-studied parameters of a graph G, including the domination number, the optimal pebbling number, and the Roman domination number of G.

No description available.

A theoretical investigation of the factors that affect the population dynamics of annual plants growing in deserts was conducted through the use of computer modeling techniques. A series of three models of the yearly life cycle of desert annuals was constructed and their behavior examined. The dissertation centers around the third and most complex model, a computer simulation model with distinguishable seed cohorts in a randomly varying rainfall environment. A typical simulation run was for 80 years and cost $1.00. The five plant functions were (l} seed losses (mainly predation) as a function of seed age, (2) seed dormancy as a function of seed ages (3) percent germination of the non-dormant seeds in response to germinating rainfall, (4) percent survival from the seedling stage to maturity as a function of total rainfall over the growing season and seedling density, and (5) seeds produced per p 1 ant as a function of total rainfall over the growing season and density of mature plants. The stochasitc rainfall generator used historical rainfall probabilities from US Weather Bureau stations at Las Vegas, Nevada and Tucson, Arizona. The literature on desert annuals was carefully searched to provide supporting data for the plant functions used in the simulation model. Most of the data is for winter annuals growing on the Nevada Test Site near Las Vegas. Single species data are rare, so the model functions reflected the average plant responses for winter annuals as a group. This base run set of functions reproduced the observed data quite well. Sensitivity analysis of the simulation model indicated that in order to persist in the Las Vegas area, the seeds of annuals should have at least a one-year period of dormancy and a minimum threshold of about 15 mm of germinating rainfall. The age distribution of the seed reserves in the soil and the percent germinable is strongly influenced by the recent rainfall history of the site and the seed loss rate. The optimum balance is when the losses of older seeds from the seed reserves due to germination is the same size as the sum of the non-productive losses (e.g., predation). Several experiments are suggested -- some to cover gaps in the published data and some that became evident through the sensitivity analysis of the model itself.

Knowledge of relationships between nutrient levels, yield, maturity, and environmental influences on alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) are necessary to estimate when to harvest alfalfa to maximize quality and yield. Objectives were to document the change in nutrient content, yield, and growth stage of alfalfa grown in Utah as it matures and to develop a simple model to predict optimal harvest date. The study involved three locations in major alfalfa producing regions in Utah. Samples were collected from three commonly grown alfalfa varieties between 26 April and 26 September in 1987. Maximum and minimum levels of crude protein (CP) observed were 32.8% to 16.2%, acid detergent fiber (ADF) 39.4% to 14.0%, and dry matter (OM) 31.7% to 14.3%. Maximum yield of 7.0 Mg ha-1 for a single harvest was observed. The growth stage and average yield in Mg ha-1 for all varieties and harvests collected were: prebud 3.6; midbud 4.2; and late bud to early bloom 4.9. As alfalfa matured CP% declined, ADF% increased, and DM% increased. Criteria used to estimate optimal harvest date was achieving not less than 20.0% CP, at least 29.0% ADF, but not more than 31.0% ADF. The estimated optimal harvest date was determined 63.3% of the time by not exceeding 31.0% ADF. Early to midbud were characteristic growth stages of the estimated optimal harvest date occurring 34.4% and 41.0% respectively. Midbud stage was characterized by elongation of the peduncle at second and third axillary bud positions. Accumulated growing degree hours (AGDH) were calculated using the ASYMCUR modeling concept. Height models were developed by averaging AGDH at 5 cm increments of shoot height. Models developed from the Nephi site were used to predict data from other sites. These models made about 37% acceptable predictions ranging from 0-100%. The general model made 23% acceptable predictions, variety models 47%, harvest models 43%, and 36% from specific data models. The general model, with a coefficient of variation (CV) of 14.6%, made fewer acceptable predictions than specific models having CV of 11.1% and 6.0%. Height models generated using the ASYMCUR concept were inefficient in predicting growth of alfalfa. This may be due to inaccurate estimates of when regrowth began, inaccurate weather data, and a variety of temperature related stresses which reduces the growth rate of alfalfa per unit of growing degree hours. Development of stress factor in cosine equations, improved data collection, and additional model generation and testing, could reduce variability and increasing percentage of acceptable predictions.

Economic efficiency criteria are used to optimally allocate irrigation water in a closed river basin (Sevier River). The Basin is geographically divided into four subbasins. Liner programming model were developed for each of the four areas and used to generate value of marginal product schedules by parametric variation of water during the late irrigation season (after July 1). Differences in value of marginal product for average annual water deliveries were indications of a malallocation of late season water. A reallocation involving 28 percent of the restraining input (water) would increase net farm incomes (returns to capital, labor, and management) an estimated 10 percent. All water diverted to cropland, however, is not used consumptively by crops, but finds its way back to the river bia return flows and is available for rediversion downstream. Total consumptive use is a function of the number of times return flow from an initial acre foot of diversion can be rediverted. This assumes, a priori, an allocation should be based on a net stream depletion concept where consumptive use values for water are used. To accomplish this requires an economic-cum-hydrologic model which takes into account the physical response by crops to different amounts of water application and consumptive use plus the timing and amounts of water available during the hydrologic cycle. Conservation practices that increase farm efficiency--increase the amount of consumptive use from a given diversion or water right--will reduce return flows and affect the "tenure" and "security" of downstream water rights. The results of this study conclude that an allocation based on consumptive use water values rather than value of marginal products for river diversions is superior. Likewise , values based on consumptive use provided a more logical comparison of water values in its many uses.

No description available.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(経済学) / 甲第20654号 / 経博第554号 / 新制||経||282(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院経済学研究科経済学専攻 / (主査)教授 小佐野 広, 教授 柴田 章久, 准教授 敦賀 貴之 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Economics / Kyoto University / DGAM

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(情報学) / 甲第21318号 / 情博第675号 / 新制||情||117(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院情報学研究科知能情報学専攻 / (主査)教授 山本 章博, 教授 山下 信雄, 教授 田中 利幸, 上田 修功 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Informatics / Kyoto University / DFAM

SAMMANFATTNING Bakgrund Smärta är en subjektiv upplevelse som påverkas av flertalet faktorer och bör snarare ses ur detta perspektiv än vilken typ av vävnadsskada den kan härledas till. Smärta skall angripas i ett helhetsperspektiv vilket tar hänsyn till hela patientens upplevelse och lidande. Syfte Syftet var att beskriva sjuksköterskors erfarenhet av smärtskattning, smärtskattningsverktyg och kännedomen om centralt uppsatta riktlinjer för smärtskattning. Metod För att besvara studiens syfte valdes en kvalitativ metod, vilken beskrev sjuksköterskornas levda erfarenheter. Data samlades in med hjälp av halvstrukturerade intervjuer. I studien intervjuades sju legitimerade sjuksköterskor utvalda med hjälp av urvalskriterier uppsatta för att kunna besvara studiens syfte. Materialet analyserades med en induktiv kvalitativ analysmetod och bearbetades med en manifest metod. Resultat Resultatet visade på tillgångar och begränsningar i sjuksköterskans smärtskattningsarbete. Tillgångarna återfanns i sjuksköterskans praktiska arbete och i de strukturer sjuksköterskorna ansåg behjälpliga i arbetet med smärtskattning. Begränsningarna avsåg de områden sjuksköterskorna uppfattade hindra ett effektivt smärtskattningsarbete. Vidare framkom att sjuksköterskorna hade begränsad kännedom om att centrala riktlinjer för smärtskattning fanns upprättade på sjukhuset och deras innehåll. Flertalet förslag på förbättringsarbeten framkom. Slutsats Resultatet visade att sjuksköterskorna strävade efter ett aktivt smärtskattningsarbete för att lindra lidande och ge patienterna möjlighet till optimal smärtbehandling. Dock beskrevs flertalet strukturella och kunskapsmässiga begränsningar vilka försvårade omvårdnaden vid smärta. Detta kunde leda till att patienterna inte fick en optimal smärtbehandling, vilket kunde gett ett ökat lidande och en försämrad återhämtning efter sjukdom eller operativa ingrepp.