This research aims to explore alternative participation formats to give people that are not usually participants a chance to express themselves in the service design process. Participation is a cornerstone of the service design process, which aims to organise experiences that meet the needs of the business, its users, and stakeholders. Participation is often organised around workshop formats and rarely experiments with alternative formats. This research revolved around the case study "Helping students cope with winter darkness in the Nordics" through an iterative and experimental approach, following the two stages of divergence within the four stages of design based on the double diamond process: Empathise and Discover, Frame and Define, Ideate and Develop, Prototype and Test.This research allowed me to gain a rich and nuanced understanding of the factors and practices that enable or hinder the cultivation of deeper engagement and reflection in collaborative design participation. My findings suggest that the participants’ interest, engagement, and the qualities of their contributions are impacted by the participation format. They also hint that not all potential participants should become participants.This master thesis opens the field of experimental (micro-) participation formats in service design.

Research has demonstrated that many factors affect levels of religiosity in American religion. This study extends the research on the relationship between cohort membership and public religious participation and individual personal involvement. Most of the research pertaining to the effects of cohort on religiosity has been devoted to comparisons between the Depression Era and Baby Boom Cohorts. This study extends research in this area by including Generation X to the extent possible. Using the General Social Surveys, this analysis employs an age/period/cohort analytical framework to examine religious involvement. Sociodemographic variables that are associated with religiosity are included in the analysis. Directions for future research on variations in religiosity measures are discussed.

<p>This thesis summarizes the findings of two studies, one qualitative and one quantitative, that examined the participation of adults with class III obesity in occupations of everyday living which included work, self-care, recreation and rest. The results of this research form the basis of the three manuscripts included in this thesis.</p> <p>The purpose of the first study was to describe the experience of living with obesity in the context of participation in daily activities and to identify factors that constrain or facilitate participation. Using a descriptive, phenomenological approach, in-depth, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 10 adults who were enrolled in an obesity treatment program. This analysis revealed themes that underscored the tensions, barriers and coping strategies across and within occupations of everyday living. The quality and diversity of occupation was influenced by several barriers within their environment such as inaccessible physical spaces and negative attitudes towards persons with obesity. Participants described their lives as being "on-hold" until weight was lost. Findings from this study were used to develop a larger, cross sectional survey.</p> <p>The purpose of the cross sectional survey (study number 2) was to describe how adults with class III obesity spend their daily time and to identify factors that predict participation in the occupations of everyday living. An analysis of data collected (n= 128) using the Occupational Questionnaire revealed that the distribution of time spent across activities classified as work, daily living, recreation and rest was similar to the time use of adults with chronic health conditions. A multiple regression analysis (n=140) resulted in a model in which factors including social support and disability status explained 35% of the variance in satisfaction with participation.</p> <p>Results of these studies contributed to a better understanding of the daily experience of participation in the occupations of everyday living for adults with class III obesity and the factors that best predict satisfaction with participation.</p> / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

Abstract Not Provided. / Thesis / Master of Engineering (MEngr)

Contexte : L'importance de l'engagement de l'usager et de ses proches dans le continuum de soins fait l'objet d'un consensus local et international depuis longtemps. Cela permet de fournir des services plus appropriés et plus rentables en plus d'améliorer les résultats de santé, la qualité de vie et la satisfaction des usagers. Toutefois, les efforts pour promouvoir un meilleur engagement des usagers se limitent trop souvent à des arguments rhétoriques sans actions concrètes pour clarifier les attentes à l'égard de ses rôles et responsabilités au sein de l'équipe interprofessionnelle. Afin d'enseigner plus efficacement ces notions, une liste d'indicateurs de l'engagement des usagers en contexte interprofessionnel a été développé par Milot et al. (2019). Bien que montrant un grand potentiel, ces indicateurs n'ont jamais été validés par des usagers et leurs proches. Objectif : Le but de cette étude est de décrire précisément, à l'aide d'une liste d'indicateurs validés, ce que signifie le partenariat avec l'usager et ses proches dans un contexte interprofessionnel afin de favoriser leur engagement dans les soins et services reçus. Les objectifs spécifiques sont de 1) valider, à partir de l'expertise des usagers et leurs proches, une liste d'indicateurs qui témoignent de l'engagement de ceux-ci au sein d'une équipe interprofessionnelle; et 2) explorer si ces indicateurs touchent à l'ensemble des formes d'engagement des usagers et leurs proches dans les soins et services les concernant. Méthodologie : Pour réaliser cette étude nous avons utilisé un devis mixte avec une méthodologie de validation utilisant la méthode DELPHI. Cette méthode permet de mettre en évidence des convergences d'opinions et de dégager certains consensus sur des sujets précis, souvent avec un caractère prospectif important, grâce à la consultation d'experts à travers un ensemble de questionnaires sur plusieurs rondes de consultation. Cette validation a été réalisée auprès de 31 usagers et proches qui ont rempli des questionnaires en ligne pour mesurer, à l'aide d'échelle LIKERT à 6 niveaux, la clarté et la pertinence de chaque indicateur. Résultats et conclusion : Les 13 indicateurs de la liste ont tous atteint le seuil de consensus (80%) fixé par l'équipe de recherche dès la première ronde. Une deuxième ronde a permis de recueillir les commentaires spécifiques des usagers-experts sur les indicateurs pour lesquels un désaccord avait été émis. En plus de confirmer l'inclusion obtenue dès la première ronde, cette deuxième ronde a révélé que les attentes des usagers et proches en matière d'engagement sont cohérentes avec les comportements facilitants et les obstacles aussi contenus dans la liste d'indicateurs, ainsi que les écrits scientifiques. En conclusion, cette liste d'indicateurs peut être utilisée avec confiance dans les milieux cliniques ou comme matériel pédagogique dans les formations continues ou les cours universitaires afin d'encourager un réel partenariat avec l'usager dans un contexte interprofessionnel. / Background: There is a long-standing local and international consensus on the importance of engaging health services users and their circle of support in the continuum of care. It leads to more appropriate and cost-effective services and improved health outcomes, quality of life and satisfaction for users. However, efforts to promote greater user engagement are too often limited to rhetorical arguments with no concrete actions to clarify expectations about their roles and responsibilities within the interprofessional team. In order to more effectively teach these concepts, Milot et al. (2019) have developed a list of indicators of user engagement in a context of interprofessional care. Despite their significant potential, these indicators have never been validated by users and members of their circle of support. Objective: The aim of this study is to describe precisely, using a list of validated indicators, the meaning of partnering with users and their circle of support in an interprofessional context with a view to promoting their involvement in the care and services they receive. The specific objectives are 1) to validate, based on the expertise of users and their loved ones, a list of indicators that reflect their engagement within an interprofessional team; and 2) to explore if these indicators illustrates all the components of the involvement of users and their friends and family in the care and services that concern them. Methodology: For the purpose of this study, we used a mixed design with a DELPHI validation method. This method, often used as a forecasting tool, makes it possible to highlight convergences of opinion and to obtain consensus on specific subjects among experts through a process of several rounds of consultation by means of a set of questionnaires. This validation was carried out with 31 users and members of their circle of support who completed online questionnaires to measure the clarity and relevance of each indicator on a 6-point LIKERT scale. Results and conclusion: All 13 indicators on the list met the consensus threshold (80%) set by the research team in the first round. A second round was conducted to gather specific feedback from user experts on the indicators in relation to which there were disagreements. In addition to confirming the inclusion obtained in the first round, this second round revealed that the expectations of users and their circle of support as regards involvement are consistent with the facilitating behaviours and obstacles identified in the list of indicators and in the scientific literature. In conclusion, this list of indicators can be used with confidence both in clinical settings and in continuing education and university program curricula to foster meaningful partnership with users in the context of interprofessional care.

Thesis (Sc.D.)--Boston University / Community participation has been regarded as a goal for people with rehabilitation needs, but there is a lack of consensus about the definition and measurement of community participation. In addition, there is limited knowledge about the community participation of individuals who are homeless. This dissertation contains three studies aimed at furthering our understanding about community participation among individuals who are, or were previously, homeless. Study 1 systematically reviewed instruments that measure community participation in people with disabilities and compared these instruments by analyzing the content based on the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health Perspective (ICF) classification. Seventeen instruments were identified as containing community participation items. None of these instruments covered the full breadth of community participation domains, but each addressed community participation to some extent. Furthermore, most of the instruments lose precision by treating diverse activities as a single concept. [TRUNCATED] / 2018-09-01

Islamophobia, a form of discrimination targeting Muslims and individuals perceived to be Muslim, has been found to adversely affect health by disrupting various personal, social, and institutional systems within an individual and their environment (Samari, 2016). With reports of anti-muslim sentiments rising globally (Samari, 2016), Islamophobia deserves attention as a source of negative health outcomes and health disparities, yet little is known regarding the implications of Islamophobia for occupational therapy assessments and practice. This study aims to explore how Islamophobia impacts the participation of Muslim Americans in education, work, social activities, and other areas of occupation. A survey was conducted with 108 Muslim Americans, who shared their experiences and perceived effects of Islamophobia on their daily lives. Survey results indicated a significant correlation between experiences of Islamophobia and mental and emotional well-being, social connections, and self-expression and identity. Data collected also provided information regarding Islamophobia in different occupational settings. The study's findings shed light on research gaps within occupational therapy, particularly regarding the role of occupational therapists in addressing the impact of Islamophobia and racial and religious discrimination. This study proposes next steps to enhance the profession's understanding and capacity to effectively address the consequences of Islamophobia through various facets of occupational therapy, including assessment, intervention, education, and advocacy. / Temple University. College of Public Health / Health and Rehabilitation Sciences

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Yes / Peacekeeping has come a long way since the basic principles which define it were laid down by Lester Pearson and Dag Hammarskjold, to guide the deployment of the first full UN mission, UNEF I, in 1956. Since 1956, it has been generally accepted that peacekeeping is a function of the UN, but there are occasions when it has been used by international and regional organisations other than the UN, and there are operations which can be seen as early uses of peacekeeping which predated the formation of the UN in 1945. After the First World War, for example, multinational military bodies were used to establish and administer the new frontiers of Europe agreed by peace treaties after the war. Also after the First World War the League of Nations conducted activities which were comparable in some respects to peacekeeping. However, since 1945 peacekeeping has been the technique most frequently used by and associated with the United Nations to terminate conflicts and establish peace, so much so that the organisation was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for its peacekeeping activities in 1988 and indeed Pearson and Hammarskjold, the two people who ‘invented’ peacekeeping as a so-called chapter six and a half activity of the UN were also awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1957.