No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

Introduction: Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN) is associated with an elevated thromboxane to prostacyclin ratio, pulmonary artery (PA) hyperreactivity and hypersensitivity. Thromboxane receptor (TP), coupling with G-protein Gαq causes pulmonary vasoconstriction; whereas prostacyclin receptor (IP), coupling with Gαs, causes vasodilation and TP phosphorylation via adenylyl cyclase (AC)-cAMP-protein kinase A (PKA), desensitizes TP. Both TP phosphorylation and Gαq palmitoylation play major roles in regulation of signaling through the TP-Gαq complex. We hypothesized that increased Gαq palmitoylation and decreased AC activity could cause hypoxic TP hyperresponsiveness. We studied the impact of hypoxia on selected post-translational modifications of the receptor-G-protein complex, determining TP vasoconstriction: Gαq palmitoylation, TP phosphorylation and upstream AC activity. Methods: Force responses to thromboxane mimetic U46619, palmitoylation inhibition by 2-bromopalmitate (2-BP) and AC activation (forskolin) were studied by myography in hypoxic PPHN and control newborn swine pulmonary artery. Ca2+ mobilization was studied by fluorescent calcium indicators fura-2AM in pulmonary myocytes (PASMC), and fluo-4NW in HEK293 cells. Effects of hypoxia on Gαq palmitoylation were studied by metabolic labeling. Gαq cysteines and TP serines were mutated to determine sites of post-translational modifications. Protein expression and receptor-G-protein coupling were studied by Western blot and co-immunoprecipitation. PKA activity was assayed; and AC activity quantified. Results: Hypoxia increases Gαq palmitoylation, without increasing total palmitate uptake. Palmitoylation inhibition decreases U46619-stimulated force generation as well as Ca2+ mobilization in PPHN PA rings and hypoxic PASMC. Mutation of palmitoylable cysteine and palmitoylation inhibition proportionately decrease U46619-mediated Ca2+ mobilization in HEK293 cells. TP serine phosphorylation is decreased by hypoxia due to decreased PKA activity; this causes TP hypersensitivity and hyper-reactivity. Serine 324 of TPα is the target of PKA-mediated desensitization. AC activator-induced relaxation is reduced in PPHN PA. Basal and receptor-stimulated AC activity are decreased in hypoxic PASMC. Decreased AC activity is not due to decreased AC expression, ATP availability nor increased Gαi activation. Conclusion: Increased Gαq palmitoylation plays a role in TPα hyper-responsiveness in hypoxic PPHN. Hypoxia also reduces responses to agents acting through AC, unleashing TP-mediated vasoconstriction. Reactivation of pulmonary AC might be useful therapeutically to promote vasodilation and TP desensitization. / October 2016

The purpose of this study was to determine the antecedent conditions that contribute to post-secondary education (PSE) completion for students with disabilities, taking into account institutional experiences associated with social integration. A prospective longitudinal design was used to analyze data from the National Longitudinal Transition Study-2. The study sample consisted of youth who were currently enrolled in vocational schools, two-year community colleges, and four-year universities six years after high school exit. Logistic regression was used to examine the relationships between pre-entry variables and PSE completion. To test the hypothesis of mediation, the causal step approach (Baron & Kenny, 1986) was used. Findings indicated that self-advocacy, participation in work-study or paid employment, participation in extra-curricular activities, and development of vocational skills as a primary transition goal significantly predicted PSE completion. Students who participated in work-study or paid employment reported higher levels of PSE completion. Students who provided input in IEP meetings were less likely to report completing PSE compared to peers who took leadership roles in IEP meetings. Both participating in extra-curricular activities and developing vocational skills as a primary transition goal were negatively associated with PSE completion. The mediation analysis revealed that it is unlikely that institutional experiences examined in this study mediate the relationships between pre-entry variables and PSE completion. Findings further showed that many of the factors considered in the student integration model (Tinto, 1975, 1987, 1993) are positively related to PSE completion for students with disabilities.

L'économie solidaire s'inscrit dans les débats sur la valeur et la centralité du travail dans les sociétés modernes. Elle expérimente des pistes alternatives qui permettent de concilier des ressources monétaires et non monétaires et qui visent à palier la crise du modèle industriel. Cette étude montre en quoi les principes de l'économie solidaire en font une économie viable. L'histoire de l'économie solidaire est intimement liée aux origines de l'économie sociale et si les familles qui la composent (associations, coopératives, mutuelles) résistent depuis fort longtemps aux assauts et aux attaques de l'économie libérale c'est parce qu'elles puisent leur capacité à durer dans le temps dans le principe général de l'autogestion démocratique par les individus. Les réseaux associatifs solidaires devenus denses et cohérents mais bien qu'encore très fragmentés ont acquis progressivement au fil de ces dix dernières années une dimension professionnelle incontestable. A travers des exemples précis, des enquêtes et des témoignages, j'explique comment l'économie solidaire a initié la mise en place de projets d'insertion tant au niveau local qu'au niveau international. / The social economy joins in the french debates on the value and the centrality of the work in the modern societies. It experiments alternative tracks which allow to reconcile monetary and not monetary resources and which aim at landing at the crisis of the industrial societie model. This study shows in what the principles of the social economy make a viable economy. The history of the social economy is confidentially connected to the previous history of the families which compose it (associations, cooperatives, mutual insurance companies). And if they resist for a very long time to the assaults and to the attacks of the free market economy it is because they draw their capacity in the general principle of the democratic self-management by the individuals. The social associative networks become dense and coherent but they are still very split up even they acquired gradually in the course of these last ten years an indisputable professional dimension. Through precise examples, inquiries and testimonies, I explain how the social economy introduced the implementation of projects of insertion both to the local level and to the international level.

Cette étude vise à étudier le procédé innovant de catalyse post-plasma pour l’abattement de faibles teneurs de trichloroéthylène (TCE), présent dans des effluents gazeux, à la pression atmosphérique et à la température la plus basse possible de fonctionnement du catalyseur. L’objectif est de trouver une alternative aux méthodes traditionnelles de remédiation de COVs non adaptées dans ces conditions. Le réacteur Plasma Non Thermique (PNT) utilisé dans ce travail est à multipointes-vers-plaque à décharge luminescente à courant continu. Bien qu’attractif pour la décomposition du TCE du fait de sa facilité d’utilisation et de son faible coût de fonctionnement, il conduit cependant à une oxydation incomplète du COV. Le catalyseur doit palier aux insuffisances du PNT. L’ajout d’un catalyseur à base d’oxyde de manganèse en aval du réacteur PNT à 150°C voire à température ambiante améliore significativement l’efficacité du procédé. Les meilleurs formulations catalytiques minimisent les phénomènes inhibiteurs de l’eau et décomposent fortement l’ozone. / This study concerns the innovative post-plasma catalysis process for abatement of low levels of trichloroethylene (TCE) in gaseous exhausts at atmospheric pressure and at the lowest operating temperature of the catalyst. The aim is to find an alternative to the conventional VOCs remediation methods which are not adapted in these conditions. The Non Thermal Plasma (NTP) reactor used in this work is a direct current luminescent glow discharge multipins to plate reactor. Although attractive for TCE decomposition due to its ease of use and its low operating cost, it leads however to incomplete VOC oxidation. The catalyst must overcome the weaknesses of NTP. Adding a manganese oxide type catalyst downstream the NTP reactor at 150°C even at room temperature significantly increases the effectiveness of the process. It has been shown that the best catalytic formulations lower the inhibiting factors of water and are efficient catalysts for ozone decomposition.

Les polymères organosiliciés déposés à partir de la décomposition du monomère TMDSO dans une post-décharge d'un plasma d'azote présentent des propriétés attrayantes pour des applications demandant des vitesses de dépôts élevées. Ces polymères, ayant une structure siloxane, ont été étudiés pour différentes conditions de débits de gaz TMDSO/O2 (Monomère/gaz de transport), de puissances transmises, et pour des épaisseurs allant de dizaines de nm à 30 µm à l'aide de différentes techniques d'analyse (Réflectométrie, IRTF, XPS, Ellispométrie, MFA, ... ) Un mécanisme de polymérisation a été proposé en se basant sur l'étude des vibrations des liaisons Si-O-X (X=O, C) et Si-H détectées par spectroscopie infrarouge. Nous avons pu en effet constater les variations de l'abondance relative des formes des types «cage» et «linéaire» dans le polymère. La visualisation du cône de réaction a permis, au travers d'une analyse du transport des gaz, de dégager des éléments de compréhension sur la décomposition du monomère. Cette étude suggère un mécanisme de polymérisation alternatif associant la formation des radicaux peroxydes par action de O2 et celle des atomes d'azote fortement présents dans la post-décharge. La transformation réalisée dans le même réacteur afin d'obtenir une couche moins rugueuse en milieu oxydant (post-décharge N2/O2) modifie bien le matériau en le rendant plus réticulé avec formation d'une couche de silice vitreuse à la surface. Un modèle simple de détermination de l'épaisseur de cette couche, fondé sur la spectroscopie infrarouge, a été proposé en intégrant l'épaisseur initiale du film, le temps de traitement et un élément nouveau, la contraction globale du film. / Organosilicon polymers deposited from the decomposition of the TMDSO monomer in a nitrogen plasma afterglow show attractive properties for applications needing high growth rates. These polymers, having a siloxane structure, were deposited and studied under various conditions of gas flows TMDSO/O2 (Monomer/vector gaz), power, and for thicknesses ranging from tens nm to 30 µm by means of various technics of analysis (Reflectometry, FTIR, XPS, Ellispometry, AFM, TEM). A mechanism of polymerization based on the study of the vibrations of the bonds Si-O-X (X=O, C) and Si-H detected by infrared spectroscopy was proposed. We were indeed able to make evidence the variations of the relative abundance of the forms of type "ring" and "linear" in the polymer. The Si-H bond was shown to be sensitive to these changes of environment. Imaging on the reaction cone allowed, by analysis of the gaz transport, to provide sorne further elements of understanding about the decomposition of the monomer. This study suggests an additional mechanism associating the formation of the radicals peroxides produced by direct reactions involving both the molecular oxygen and nitrogen atoms which are strongly present in such a post-discharge. The transformation realized within the same reactor, in order to reduce roughness layer, in oxidizing environment (postdischarge N2/O2) modifies effectively the material by re-enforcement of the crosslinking with formation of a supercial silica-like layer. A simple model for prediction of the thickness of this layer, based on the infrared spectroscopy, was proposed on the basis of the initial thickness of the film, the time of treatrnent and a new element, the global contraction of the film.