This master’s thesis gives a description of fundus camera as a medical imaging system. Sub features of this system are explained in short, thus examples of certain construction variants are given. Furthermore, the work deals with image fusion and associated possibilities of digital image processing. One set of consecutive scanned images of human eye’s retina has been provided for the practical part of this work. During program processing of these data, decomposition of obtained images to single-color sequences is performed. For these partial monochromatic sequences, monomodal registration is performed, based on calculation of the brightness similarity criterion between the pairs of images. From the three created monochromatic sequences of registered images, new sequence of color images is created, using multimodal registration of each image triples. As a basis for similarity evaluation during multimodal registration, an information similarity criterion was used.

Film is cultural piece which has quickly become as phenomena of Twentieth Century. Film festivals are celebration of all spectrum of works and theirs authors. Festivals contributes to development of film industry and cinematography. Endeavor to improve organization's effectiveness of this social event can be done by establishing an information system which can help to reach higher attendance and satisfaction of visitors.

This thesis deals with the introduction into the topic of time-lapse video creation. It focuses on cases where tripod is not used and therefore it is  necessary to eliminate incurred shortcomings. The main shortcomings are different position of individual frames, different brightness and color adjustment. The next topic describes which principles should be followed during the creation process. Thesis describes and implements methods for elimination of main shortcomings during process long time-lapse videos, which are recorded by hand. Thesis also precisely describes image registration, correction of brightness and colors. Thesis is also considers histograms comparison. Result of this work is application, which eliminates problems described above.

There are billions of photos on the internet and as the size of these digital repositories grows, finding target picture becomes more and more difficult. To increase the informational quality of photo albums we propose a new method that selects representative pictures from a group of photographs using computer vision algorithms. The aim of this study is to analyze the issues about image features, image similarity, object clustering and examine the specific characteristics of photographs. Tests show that there is no universal image descriptor that can easily simulate the process of clustering performed by human vision. The thesis proposes a hybrid algorithm that combines the advantages of selected features together using a specialized multiple-step clustering algorithm. The key idea of the process is that the frequently photographed objects are more likely to be representative. Thus, with a random selection from the largest photo clusters certain representative photos are obtained. This selection is further enhanced on the basis of optimization, where photos with better photographic properties are being preferred.

Ette thèse s’inscrit dans le contexte de la réalité augmentée (RA). La problématique majeure consiste à calculer la pose d’une caméra en temps réel. Ce calcul doit être effectué en respectant trois critères principaux : précision, robustesse et rapidité. Dans le cadre de cette thèse, nous introduisons certaines méthodes permettant d’exploiter au mieux les primitives des images. Dans notre cas, les primitives sont des points que nous allons détecter puis décrire dans une image. Pour ce faire, nous nous basons sur la texture de cette image. Nous avons dans un premier temps mis en place une architecture favorisant le calcul rapide de la pose, sans perdre en précision ni en robustesse. Nous avons pour cela exploité une phase hors ligne, où nous reconstruisons la scène en 3D. Nous exploitons les informations que nous obtenons lors de cette phase hors ligne afin de construire un arbre de voisinage. Cet arbre lie les images de la base de données entre elles. Disposer de cet arbre nous permet de calculer la pose de la caméra plus efficacement en choisissant les images de la base de données jugées les plus pertinentes. Nous rendant compte que la phase de description et de comparaison des primitives n’est pas suffisamment rapide, nous en avons optimisé les calculs. Cela nous a mené jusqu’à proposer notre propre descripteur. Pour cela, nous avons dressé un schéma générique basé sur la théorie de l’information qui englobe une bonne part des descripteurs binaires, y compris un descripteur récent nommé BOLD [BTM15]. Notre objectif a été, comme pour BOLD, d’augmenter la stabilité aux changements d’orientation du descripteur produit. Afin de réaliser cela, nous avons construit un nouveau schéma de sélection hors ligne plus adapté à la procédure de mise en correspondance en ligne. Cela permet d’intégrer ces améliorations dans le descripteur que nous construisons. Procéder ainsi permet d’améliorer les performances du descripteur notamment en terme de rapidité en comparaison avec les descripteurs de l’état de l’art. Nous détaillons dans cette thèse les différentes méthodes que nous avons mises en place afin d’optimiser l’estimation de la pose d’une caméra. Nos travaux ont fait l’objet de 2 publications (1 nationale et 1 internationale) et d’un dépôt de brevet. / This thesis belongs within the context of augmented reality. The main issue resides in estimating a camera pose in real-time. This estimation should be done following three main criteria: precision, robustness and computation efficiency.In the frame of this thesis we established methods enabling better use of image primitives. As far as we are concerned, we limit ourselves to keypoint primitives. We first set an architecture enabling faster pose estimation without loss of precision or robustness. This architecture is based on using data collected during an offline phase. This offline phase is used to construct a 3D point cloud of the scene. We use those data in order to build a neighbourhood graph within the images in the database. This neighbourhood graph enables us to select the most relevant images in order to compute the camera pose more efficiently. Since the description and matching processes are not fast enough with SIFT descriptor, we decided to optimise the bottleneck parts of the whole pipeline. It led us to propose our own descriptor. Towards this aim, we built a framework encompassing most recent binary descriptors including a recent state-of-the-art one named BOLD. We pursue a similar goal to BOLD, namely to increase the stability of the produced descriptors with respect to rotations. To achieve this goal, we have designed a novel offline selection criterion which is better adapted to the online matching procedure introduced in BOLD.In this thesis we introduce several methods used to estimate camera poses more efficiently. Our work has been distinguished by two publications (a national and an international one) as well as with a patent application.

La paralysie cérébrale (PC) est la première cause de l’handicap moteur de l’enfant en France (2 naissances pour 1000). Il s’agit d’une pathologie causée par des atteintes non progressives survenues lors du développement du cerveau chez le foetus ou le nourrisson. L’équin de la cheville est la déformation musculo-squelettique la plus fréquente chez les enfants atteints par la PC. Malgré des thérapies médico-chirurgicales multiples, le taux de récidive post-opératoire demeure très élevé(48%). Une des principales raisons des échecs des thérapies est le manque de connaissance de la biomécanique articulaire et musculaire. Les techniques d’imagerie en IRM dynamique permettent aujourd’hui d’explorer l’appareil musculo-squelettique au cours du mouvement dans les 3 dimensions de l’espace avec une grande précision (<1mm). Cependant, ces techniques viennent avec leur propre liste de problèmes tels que la résolution réduite, l’anisotropie et les artefacts de mouvement. Dans cette thèse, nous abordons ces problèmes en combinant l’information spatiale de l’IRM conventionnel avec l’information temporelle fournie par les séquences IRM dynamique. Nous avons réussi à atteindre l’objectif principal de ces travaux de recherche en développant des algorithmes robustes combinant des aspects informatiques et mathématiques (dont le recalage d’images basé sur l’intensité était le facteur clé) qui nous ont permis de reconstruire les mouvements articulaires et donc d’établir une analyse biomécanique de la cheville en plus de la reconstruction spatio-temporelle de la séquence dynamique en utilisant une approche logeuclidienne. Les algorithmes proposés ont été appliqués sur la base de données actuellement disponible (contenant 6 sujets normaux) et devraient être également appliqués sur une base plus large contenant des sujets pathologiques de la même tranche d’âges afin de comparer les deux populations et de caractériser la pathologie. / Cerebral Palsy (CP) is a common birth pathology in children leading to ankle joint deformity, also known as the Spastic Equinus (SE) deformity, which causes abnormal function of the joint. While the management of ankle disorders focuses on restoring the joint functions, the underlying pathomechanics is not clearly understood yet. To better understand the biomechanics of the pediatric ankle joint, it is crucial to establish in vivo normative joint biomechanics before focusing on pathomechanics studies. Dynamic MRI has made it possible to non-invasively capture the ankle joint during a complete motion cycle. However, dynamic MRI comes with its own set of unique challenges such as low resolution, anisotropy, and motion artifacts. This motivates our choice for combining spatial information of conventional static MRI with temporal information of dynamic MRI sequences. The global aim of this research work is to build computational frameworks and to develop robust intensity-based approaches for estimating the joint motion and deformations from 3D+t MRI data, and thus for deriving the joint kinematics and the joint contact mechanics during a single cycle of dorsiplantarflexion. Due to a lack of sufficient Imaging data in the pediatric cohort, the proposed algorithms are applied on dynamic MRI data (portraying both passive and active ankle motions) from 6 healthy children.

Cette thèse présente des méthodes d’imagerie pour l’analyse du mouvement cardiaque afin de permettre des statistiques groupées, un diagnostic automatique et une étude longitudinale. Ceci est réalisé en combinant des méthodes d’apprentissage et de modélisation statistique. En premier lieu, une méthode automatique de segmentation du myocarde est définie. Pour ce faire, nous développons une méthode de recalage très rapide basée sur des réseaux neuronaux convolutifs qui sont entrainés à apprendre le recalage cardiaque inter-sujet. Ensuite, nous intégrons cette méthode de recalage dans une pipeline de segmentation multi-atlas. Ensuite, nous améliorons des méthodes de suivi du mouvement cardiaque afin de définir des représentations à faible dimension. Deux méthodes différentes sont développées, l’une s’appuyant sur des sous-espaces barycentriques construits sur des frames de référence de la séquence et une autre basée sur une représentation d’ordre réduit du mouvement avec des transformations polyaffine. Enfin, nous appliquons la représentation précédemment définie au problème du diagnostic et de l’analyse longitudinale. Nous montrons que ces représentations en- codent des caractéristiques pertinentes permettant le diagnostic des patients atteint d’infarct et de Tétralogie de Fallot ainsi que l’analyse de l’évolution dans le temps du mouvement cardiaque des patients atteints de cardiomyopathies ou d’obésité. Ces trois axes forment un cadre pour l’étude du mouvement cardiaque de bout en bout de l’acquisition des images médicales jusqu’à leur analyse automatique afin d’améliorer la prise de décision clinique grâce à un traitement personnalisé assisté par ordinateur. / This thesis presents image-based methods for the analysis of cardiac motion to enable group-wise statistics, automatic diagnosis and longitudinal study. This is achieved by combining advanced medical image processing with machine learning methods and statistical modelling. The first axis of this work is to define an automatic method for the segmentation of the myocardium. We develop a very-fast registration method based on convolutional neural networks that is trained to learn inter-subject heart registration. Then, we embed this registration method into a multi-atlas segmentation pipeline. The second axis of this work is focused on the improvement of cardiac motion tracking methods in order to define relevant low-dimensional representations. Two different methods are developed, one relying on Barycentric Subspaces built on ref- erences frames of the sequence, and another based on a reduced order representation of the motion from polyaffine transformations. Finally, in the last axis, we apply the previously defined representation to the problem of diagnosis and longitudinal analysis. We show that these representations encode relevant features allowing the diagnosis of infarcted patients and Tetralogy of Fallot versus controls and the analysis of the evolution through time of the cardiac motion of patients with either cardiomyopathies or obesity. These three axes form an end to end framework for the study of cardiac motion starting from the acquisition of the medical images to their automatic analysis. Such a framework could be used for diagonis and therapy planning in order to improve the clinical decision making with a more personalised computer-aided medicine.

This Master's thesis deals with the description of an introduction of social service in Non- Governmental Organization, which has decided to become a registrated provider of social services. The aim of the thesis is to describe how to manage selected phase of such a change, while introducing it to the field of social service by a Non-Governmental Organization. This is related to chosen Non-Governmental Organization Azara sociální, z.s. and specifically it's project of the introduction of field social service - Personal Assistance. The selected phase of implementation is the registration of this service and the individual steps, from the decision to introduce the change, through the elaboration of the individual plans and submission of required documents, which are necessary for the registration application to the competent regional authority. Strategic analyzes are carried out for the analysis of the external environment of the selected organization and the analysis of the internal environment. The qualitative research method focus group has been used to receive suggestions and concrete steps from selected representatives of the organization's management, based on the Implementation Plan and the Risk Plan. The evaluation of the progress, of the phases of the introduced changes is carried out...

Since the 1970s there has been a rising trend in South Africa for legal professionals to use the services of psychologists in legal proceedings. Psychologists have therefore increasingly started to appear as expert witnesses in court cases. Despite this, the field of forensic psychology in South Africa has yet to be defined and delineated. Currently there are no set guidelines or regulations regarding who is qualified to do forensic work, and no standards against which this work can be measured. Psychology in the courtroom has begun to receive a notorious reputation as a result of this. The Professional Board for Psychology (PBP) of the Health Professions Council of South Africa (HPCSA) is investigating the creation of a new category of registration, that of Forensic Psychologist, partly in an effort to manage and address this problem. However, to date little, if any, research has been conducted on the scope of the work presented to the courts by psychologists appearing as expert witnesses. This research aimed to address this gap by analysing a sample of forensic psychological reports. The following aspects were investigated: <ul><li>Who (category or registration, length of registration, etc.) is doing sentencing reports;</li> <li>How (interviews, collateral information, psychometric tests, etc.) these reports are compiled; and</li> <li>Whether these reports measure up to professional expectations as well as adhere to the guidelines of the HPCSA.</li></ul> It is clear from the results of this research that some of the psychologists doing forensic assessments and writing reports do so in an idiosyncratic way. Besides the fact that no uniformity exists, forensic work is sometimes done by psychologists who are not qualified to do so in terms of their registration category and thus their scope of practice. The reports analysed did not always measure up to guidelines or professional standards from abroad (in lieu of local standards or guidelines for reports) and/or transgressions were made in terms of HPCSA policies and guidelines. This situation is understandable in the light of two shortfalls in this field, namely training and regulation. The following recommendations can be made on the basis of this study: <ul><li>That psychologists who are adequately trained and have the proven experience in forensic work, be accredited by the PBP;</li> <li>That guidelines and standards for forensic work be drawn up by the PBP; in addition, that more complete ethical guidelines than those contained in chapter 7 of the PBP’s Rules of Conduct Pertaining Specifically to Psychology also be drawn up;</li> <li>That adequate training at MA level in basic forensic issues be made compulsory, with the option of advanced training for those wishing to specialise in the field; and</li> <li>That lawyers be trained in basic concepts of psychology so as to allow for better selection of an appropriate psychologist to assist them and also to assure effective cross-examination regarding psychological issues in court.</li></ul> If these recommendations were implemented, they could aid in regulating the field, thus producing forensic work of a consistently high quality. This will hopefully help to narrow the gap between the expected and actual interaction between law and psychology. Copyright / Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2008. / Psychology / unrestricted

Registering partial shapes plays an important role in numerous applications in the fields of robotics, vision, and graphics. An essential problem of registration algorithms is the determination of correspondences between surfaces. In this paper, we provide a in-depth evaluation of an approach that computes high-quality correspondences for pair-wise closest point-based iterative registration and compare the results with state-of-the-art registration algorithms. Instead of using a discrete point set for correspondence search, the approach is based on a locally reconstructed continuous moving least squares surface to overcome sampling mismatches in the input shapes. Furthermore, MLS-based correspondences are highly robust to noise. We demonstrate that this strategy outperforms existing approaches in terms of registration accuracy by combining it with the SparseICP local registration algorithm. Our extensive evaluation over several thousand scans from different sources verify that MLS-based approach results in a significant increase in alignment accuracy, surpassing state-of-theart feature-based and probabilistic methods. At the same time, it allows an efficient implementation that introduces only a modest computational overhead.