Mapas topologicamente ordenados sÃo tÃcnicas de representaÃÃo de dados baseadas em reduÃÃo de dimensionalidade com a propriedade especial de preservaÃÃo da vizinhanÃa espacial entre os protÃtipos no espaÃo dos dados e entre suas respectivas posiÃÃes no espaÃo de saÃda. Com base nesta propriedade, mapas topologicamente ordenados sÃo aplicados principalmente em agrupamento, quantizaÃÃo vetorial ou reduÃÃo de dimensionalidade e visualizaÃÃo de dados. Esta tese propÃe uma nova classificaÃÃo para os algoritmos de formaÃÃo de mapas topologicamente ordenados baseada no mecanismo de correlaÃÃo entre os espaÃos de entrada e de saÃda, e descreve um novo algoritmo, baseado em computaÃÃo evolucionÃria, denominado EvSOM, para a formaÃÃo de mapas topologicamente ordenado. As principais propriedades do novo algoritmo sÃo a sua flexibilidade para ponderaÃÃo pelo usuÃrio da importÃncia relativa das propriedades de quantizaÃÃo vetorial e de preservaÃÃo de topologia no mapa final, alÃm de boa rejeiÃÃo a outliers quando comparado ao algoritmo SOM de Kohonen. O trabalho desenvolve uma avaliaÃÃo empÃrica destas propriedades. O EvSOM Ã um algoritmo hÃbrido, neural-evolucionÃrio, biologicamente inspirado, que se utiliza de conceitos de redes neurais competitivas, computaÃÃo evolucionÃria, otimizaÃÃo e aproximaÃÃo iterativa. Para validar sua viabilidade de aplicaÃÃo, o EvSOM Ã estendido e especializado para a soluÃÃo de dois problemas bÃsicos relevantes em processamento de imagens e visÃo computacional, quais sejam, o problema de registro de imagens mÃdicas e o problema de rastreamento visual de objetos em vÃdeo. O algoritmo apresentou desempenho satisfatÃrio nas duas aplicaÃÃes. / Topologically ordered maps are data representation techniques based on dimensionality reduction with the special property of preserving the neighborhood between the data prototypes lying in the data space and their positions on to the output space. Based on this property, topologically ordered maps are applied mainly in clustering projected, vector quantization or dimensionality reduction and data visualization. This thesis proposes a new classification for the existing algorithms devoted to the formation of topologically ordered maps, which is based on the mechanism of correlation between the input and output spaces, and describes a new algorithm based on evolutionary computation, called EvSOM, for the topologically ordered maps formation. The main properties of the new algorithm are its flexibility for consideration by the user of the relative importance of the properties of vector quantization and topology preservation of the final map, and good outliers rejection when compared to the Kohonen SOM algorithm. The work provides an empirical evaluation of these properties. The EvSOM is a hybrid , neural-evolutionary, biologically inspired algorithm, which uses concepts of competitive neural networks, evolutionary computing, optimization and iterative approximation approximation. To validate its application feasibility, EvSOM is extended and specialized to solve two relevant basic problems in image processing and computer vision, namely, the medical image registration problem and the visual tracking of objects in video problem. The algorithm exhibits satisfactory performance in both aplications.

A análise da retina permite o diagnostico de muitas patologias relacionadas ao olho humano. A qualidade da imagem e um fator importante já que o médico normalmente examina os pequenos vasos da retina e a sua coloração. O equipamento normalmente utilizado para a visualização da retina e o retinógrafo digital, que utiliza sensor colorido com filtro de Bayer e luz (flash) branca. No entanto, esse filtro causa perda na resolução espacial, uma vez que e necessário um processo de interpolação matemática para a formação da imagem. Com o objetivo de melhorar a qualidade da imagem da retina, um retinógrafo com câmera CCD monocromática de alta resolução foi desenvolvido. Nele, as imagens coloridas são geradas pela combinação dos canais monocromáticos R (vermelho), G (verde) e B (azul), adquiridos com o chaveamento da iluminação do olho com LED vermelho, verde e azul, respectivamente. Entretanto, o pequeno período entre os flashes pode causar desalinhamento entre os canais devido a pequenos movimentos do olho. Assim, este trabalho apresenta uma técnica de registro de imagens, baseado em correlação de fase no domínio da frequência, para realizar precisamente o alinhamento dos canais RGB no processo de geração de imagens coloridas da retina. A validação do método foi realizada com um olho mecânico (phantom) para a geração de 50 imagens desalinhadas que foram corrigidas pelo método proposto e comparadas com as imagens alinhadas obtidas como referência (ground-truth). Os resultados mostraram que retinógrafo com câmera monocromática e o método de registro proposto nesse trabalho podem produzir imagens coloridas da retina com alta resolução espacial, sem a perda de qualidade intrínseca às câmeras CCD coloridas que utilizam o filtro de Bayer. / The analysis of retina allows the diagnostics of several pathologies related to the human eye. Image quality is an important factor since the physician often examines the small vessels of the retina and its color. The device usually used to observe the retina is the fundus camera, which uses color sensor with Bayer filter and white light. However, this filter causes loss of spatial resolution, since it is necessary a mathematical interpolation process to create the final image. Aiming at improving the retina image quality, a fundus camera with monochromatic CCD camera was developed. In this device, color images are generated by combining the monochromatic channels R (red), G (green) and B (blue), which were acquired by switching the eye illumination with red, green and blue light, respectively. However, the short period between the flashes may cause misalignment among the channels because of the small movements of the eye. Thus, this work presents an image registration technique based on phase correlation in the frequency domain, for accurately aligning the RGB channels on the process of generating retina color images. Validation of the method was performed by using a mechanical eye (phantom) for generating 50 misaligned images, which were aligned by the proposed method and compared to the aligned images obtained as references (ground-truth). Results showed that the fundus camera with monochromatic camera and the method proposed in this work can produce high spatial resolution images without the loss of quality intrinsic to color CCD cameras that uses Bayer filter.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2017-06-07T15:41:47Z No. of bitstreams: 1 lucianowalentyxaviercejnog.pdf: 14234810 bytes, checksum: 492ebb7393b5f0e7cfc6e822067fe492 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-06-24T13:12:44Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 lucianowalentyxaviercejnog.pdf: 14234810 bytes, checksum: 492ebb7393b5f0e7cfc6e822067fe492 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-24T13:12:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 lucianowalentyxaviercejnog.pdf: 14234810 bytes, checksum: 492ebb7393b5f0e7cfc6e822067fe492 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-09-21 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Este trabalho visa melhorar um método clássico para o problema de registro rígido, o ICP (iterative Closest Point), fazendo com que a busca dos pontos mais próximos, uma de suas fases principais, considere informações aproximadas da geometria local de cada ponto combinadas à distância Euclidiana originalmente usada. Para isso é necessária uma etapa de pré-processamento, na qual a geometria local é estimada em tensores de orientação de segunda ordem. É definido o CTSF, um fator de similaridade entre tensores. O ICP é alterado de modo a considerar uma combinação linear do CTSF com a distância Euclidiana para estabelecer correspondências entre duas nuvens de pontos, variando os pesos relativos entre os dois fatores. Isso proporciona uma capacidade maior de convergência para ângulos maiores em relação ao ICP original, tornando o método comparável aos que constituem o estado da arte da área. Para comprovar o ganho obtido, foram realizados testes exaustivos em malhas com características geométricas variadas, para diferentes níveis de ruído aditivo, outliers e em casos de sobreposição parcial, variando os parâmetros do método de estimativa dos tensores. Foi definida uma nova base com malhas sintéticas para os experimentos, bem como um protocolo estatístico de avaliação quantitativa. Nos resultados, a avaliação foi feita de modo a determinar bons valores de parâmetros para malhas com diferentes características, e de que modo os parâmetros afetam a qualidade do método em situações com ruído aditivo, outliers, e sobreposição parcial. / This work aims to enhance a classic method for the rigid registration problem, the ICP (Iterative Closest Point), modifying one of its main steps, the closest point search, in order to consider approximated information of local geometry combined to the Euclidean distance, originally used. For this, a preprocessing stage is applied, in which the local geometry is estimated in second-order orientation tensors. We define the CTSF, a similarity factor between tensors. Our method uses a linear combination between this factor and the Euclidean distance, in order to establish correspondences, and a strategy of weight variation between both factors. This increases the convergence probability for higher angles with respect to the original ICP, making our method comparable to some of the state-of-art techniques. In order to comprove the enhancement, exhaustive tests were made in point clouds with different geometric features, with variable levels of additive noise and outliers and in partial overlapping situations, varying also the parameters of the tensor estimative method. A dataset of synthetic point clouds was defined for the experiments, as well as a statistic protocol for quantitative evaluation. The results were analyzed in order to highlight good parameter ranges for different point clouds, and how these parameters affect the behavior of the method in situations of additive noise, outliers and partial overlapping.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2017-06-07T17:49:03Z No. of bitstreams: 1 fernandoakiodearaujoyamada.pdf: 21095203 bytes, checksum: 1842e801a538bdeef0368c963b9d98b7 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-06-24T13:47:22Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 fernandoakiodearaujoyamada.pdf: 21095203 bytes, checksum: 1842e801a538bdeef0368c963b9d98b7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-24T13:47:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 fernandoakiodearaujoyamada.pdf: 21095203 bytes, checksum: 1842e801a538bdeef0368c963b9d98b7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-15 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / No problema de registro rígido por pares é preciso encontrar uma transformação rígida que alinha duas nuvens de pontos. A sulução clássica e mais comum é o algoritmo Iterative Closest Point (ICP). No entanto, o ICP e muitas de suas variantes requerem que as nuvens de pontos já estejam grosseiramente alinhadas. Este trabalho apresenta um método denominado Shape-based Weighting Covariance Iterative Closest Point (SWC-ICP), uma melhoria do ICP clássico. A abordagem proposta aumenta a possibilidade de alinhar corretamente duas nuvens de pontos, independente da pose inicial, mesmo quando existe apenas sobreposição parcial entre elas, ou na presença de ruído e outliers. Ela se beneficia da geometria local dos pontos, codificada em tensores de orientação de segunda ordem, para prover um segundo conjunto de correspondências para o ICP. A matriz de covariância cruzada computada a partir deste conjunto é combinada com a matriz de covariância cruzada usual, seguindo uma estratégia heurística. Para comparar o método proposto com algumas abordagens recentes, um protocolo de avaliação detalhado para registro rígido é apresentado. Os resultados mostram que o SWC-ICP está entre os melhores métodos comparados, com performance superior em situações de grande deslocamento angular, mesmo na presença de ruído e outliers. / In the pairwise rigid registration problem we need to find a rigid transformation that aligns two point clouds. The classical and most common solution is the Iterative Closest Point (ICP) algorithm. However, the ICP and many of its variants require that the point clouds are already coarsely aligned. We present in this work a method named Shape-based Weighting Covariance Iterative Closest Point (SWC-ICP), an improvement over the classical ICP. Our approach improves the possibility to correctly align two point clouds, regardless of the initial pose, even when there is only a partial overlapping between them, or in the presence of noise and outliers. It benefits from the local geometry of the points, encoded in second-order orientation tensors, to provide a second correspondences set to the ICP. The cross-covariance matrix computed from this set is combined with the usual cross-covariance matrix following a heuristic strategy. In order to compare our method with some recent approaches, we present a detailed evaluation protocol to rigid registration. Results show that the SWC-ICP is among the best methods compared, with superior performance in situations of wide angular displacement, even in situations of noise and outliers.

Submitted by Luiz Carlos Neiva Lacerda (lcnlacerda55@gmail.com) on 2012-08-10T17:35:19Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Luiz Carlos Neiva Lacerda MEX 2010.pdf: 715129 bytes, checksum: 899eb56e50ba4eb900e09de036ffe039 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Janete de Oliveira Feitosa (janete.feitosa@fgv.br) on 2012-08-10T19:10:11Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Luiz Carlos Neiva Lacerda MEX 2010.pdf: 715129 bytes, checksum: 899eb56e50ba4eb900e09de036ffe039 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marcia Bacha (marcia.bacha@fgv.br) on 2012-08-15T11:56:28Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Luiz Carlos Neiva Lacerda MEX 2010.pdf: 715129 bytes, checksum: 899eb56e50ba4eb900e09de036ffe039 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2012-08-15T11:56:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Luiz Carlos Neiva Lacerda MEX 2010.pdf: 715129 bytes, checksum: 899eb56e50ba4eb900e09de036ffe039 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-07-25 / The transparency subject in which Brazilian Public Administration is concerned, has been more and more debated as well as developed. And the portal ComprasNET has been part of it. Most of the 60 billion reais spent in investments and in different expenses, 22 billion were realized by means of ComprasNET in the reverse auction model. This dissertation main purpose is to analyse price variation concerning a single item, in this case the A4 75gr paper. And also check statistically whether there is any price variation among the several reverse auctions made by the Federal Public Administration. In case of positive answer, this work main purpose is to identify the administrative procedures which may have caused such discrepancies. After this study, suggestions will be presented to change those administrative procedures as well as to reduce the amount paid in such reverse auctions. The recommendations will not only be based on the available legislation but also on decisions and agreements made by TCU, AGU and many other departments of the Federal Public Administration. So finally, this work will try to make it clear to our society, to show it how the tax paid by its citizens has been spent. / O tema transparência na administração pública Brasileira esta cada vez mais em foco e o portal de compras ComprasNET faz parte dos portais de transparência do Governo Federal. Em 2011, dos quase 60 bilhões de reais gastos em investimentos e despesas diversas, 22 bilhões foram realizados por meio do ComprasNET na modalidade pregão eletrônico. Esta dissertação visa analisar a variabilidade de preços para um item específico de material, no caso o papel A4 75 gr, verificando estatisticamente se existe variabilidade de preços nas diversas licitações realizadas pelos órgãos da Administração Pública Federal. Em caso afirmativo, o trabalho visa identificar os procedimentos administrativos que podem ter causado tal divergência. A partir daí, foram apresentadas sugestões para alteração desses procedimentos administrativos, visando a redução do valor pago nos pregões eletrônicos. As recomendações foram baseadas na legislação em vigor e em decisões e acórdãos do TCU, AGU e demais órgãos da Administração Pública Federal. Dessa forma, este trabalho vai de encontro aos anseios da sociedade em ter uma melhor aplicação dos recursos públicos arrecadados por meio de impostos e taxas pagos pela população.

Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is the main tissue involved in non-shivering heat production. A greater understanding of BAT could possibly lead to new ways of prevention and treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes. The increasing prevalence of these conditions and the problems they cause society and individuals make the study of the subject important. An ongoing study performed at the Turku University Hospital uses images acquired using PET/MRI with 18F-FDG as the tracer. Scans are performed on sedentary and athlete subjects during normal room temperature and during cold stimulation. Sedentary subjects then undergo scanning during cold stimulation again after a six weeks long exercise training intervention. This degree project used images from this study. The objective of this degree project was to examine methods to automatically and objectively quantify parameters relevant for activation of BAT in combined PET/MRI data. A secondary goal was to create images showing glucose uptake changes in subjects from images taken at different times. Parameters were quantified in adipose tissue directly without registration (image matching), and for neck scans also after registration. Results for the first three subjects who have completed the study are presented. Larger registration errors were encountered near moving organs and in regions with less information. The creation of images showing changes in glucose uptake seem to be working well for the neck scans, and somewhat well for other sub-volumes. These images can be useful for identification of BAT. Examples of these images are shown in the report.

Rapporten handlar om tidrapportering för konsulter och hur den kan kunna underlättas. Tidrapportering är ett måste för alla personer som arbetar i konsultbranschen. I dagens samhälle finns det problem med tidrapportering då anställda anser att det är ansträngande och ser det som extra arbete. Det är en utmaning för företag att lyckas med att få sina anställda att rapportera korrekt. Om rapporteringen inte sker på ett korrekt sätt kan detta få stora ekonomiska konsekvenser. Syftet med rapporten är att underlätta tidrapporteringen för konsulter. Detta genom att utveckla en mobil IT-artefakt. Applikationen som utvecklas ska fungera som ett stöd till tidrapportering och målet är att användaren ska interagera med applikationen så lite som möjligt. Artefakten som utvecklas är en mobilapplikation som använder sig av mobilens GPS-funktion. Action Design Research (ADR) är forskningsmetoden som används för att genomföra detta arbete. Denna rapport bygger på ett case i samarbete med konsultföretaget Knowit. Resultatet utmynnar i en IT-artefakt och 10 designprinciper om hur utvecklandet av en sådan applikation kan gå tillväga. / This thesis handles the area around time reporting within the consulting field and how it can be facilitated. Time reporting is a must for every employee in the consulting business. In today’s society, a problem exists as the employees sees this to be a demanding extra chore. To manage employees to execute this is a challenge for every business. If this is not done correctly, the business can face huge economic consequences. The purpose with this thesis is to facilitate time reporting for consultants. This will be done by developing a Mobile IT-Artifact. The application which will be developed will serve as a support for time reporting and its goal is to minimize the human-computer interaction. The artefact that will be developed uses the phones build in GPS function to achieve this. Action Design Research (ADR) is the research method used to complete the development of the artifact and the thesis. This thesis is built around a case in cooperation with the consulting company Knowit. The result of this essay will generate an IT-artifact along with 10 design principles which provides guidelines on how to develop a system of similar character

In this bachelor thesis, a prototype of a digital tool is designed, aimed at self-registering patient data in an emergency ward. Normally, patients not arriving by ambulance are treated in the order they enter the waiting room. Nurses performing the first examination—a triage—must ask the patient about their identity, previous medical history and similar questions, and enter this data into a new treatment case in the healthcare information system. It has been suggested that having the patient enter this data themselves would be beneficial, allowing nurses to concentrate on the medical issues. After gathering and analyzing data from observations and from interviews with the staff at a Swedish hospital, a prototype of a digital tool was designed, where patients step-by-step could enter the required data in the waiting room, thus saving valuable time in the triage. Benefits for the patient include receiving feedback about the number of persons ahead in line. The prototype was received favorably by test persons and by the staff, indicating that it could work as a model for a product to be put into work use.

Denna rapport beskriver ett examensarbete inom Programmet för Användarinriktad Systemutveckling vid Linköpings universitet, Campus Norrköping. Resultatet är en databasapplikation som är utvecklad specifikt för C.N.S. Systems AB i Linköping. I uppgiften ingår analys, utformning, realisering, implementering, dokumentation samt i viss mån även förvaltning och drift. Utvecklingsarbetet har skett i nära samarbete med företaget som har tillhandhållit arbetsplatser och datorutrustning. Applikationen är ett dokumentregistreringssystem där information om företagets interna och externa dokument lagras. Tidigare har motsvarande uppgifter lagrats i Excel. Den färdiga databasapplikationen har främst gjort det lättare att registrera och söka ett dokument vilket också var ett av de uppsatta målen. Själva databasen är utvecklad i Access och gränssnittet i Visual Basic. Kopplingen mellan dessa är skapad med ActiveX Data Objects 2.0 (ADO). Rapporten ger inledningsvis en närmare presentation av utgångsläge och förutsättningar. Därefter beskrivs teorin bakom det arbetssätt som använts. I resultatdelen presenteras applikationen översiktligt, valda delar lite mer ingående. Och slutligen, i diskussionsavsnittet, görs en subjektiv bedömning av resultatet och utvecklingsarbetet. / This report is based on a project within ”User oriented System development Program”, ASP, at the University of Linköping, Campus Norrköping, Sweden. The result is a database application developed for C.N.S. Systems AB in Linköping. The report describes analysis, design, implementation, documentation and in some extent maintenance of the system. The development work has been done in collaboration with the company at their office in Linköping. The application handles and stores information about internal and external documents. The purpose of the database is to improve registration and searching of documents. The system is designed with MS Access 2000 connected to Visual Basic with ActiveX Data Objects 2.0(ADO).

Lorsque l’on évoque les entreprises familiales et leurs transmissions, une série d’images viennent à l’esprit, qui mêlent famille, patrimoine et dynastie. Suivant cette "mythologie" de sagas familiales et suivant cette idée que l’entreprise est, pour la famille qui la possède et la gère, à la fois un moyen de production et un moyen d’existence matérielle et symbolique, on en vient à nourrir l’idée que dans la "famille en entreprise" la fusion entre celle-là et celle-ci est telle que ses membres doivent avoir à cœur de transmettre l’entreprise, de la faire durer et d’ainsi faire durer la famille. Or, il s’avère que c’est loin d’être le cas: la transmission de l’entreprise au sein de la famille est une possibilité qui suscite peu d’adhésion. <p>Ce constat soulève de nombreuses questions, que nous avons plus spécifiquement posées aux petites PME. Comment les parents sont-ils "disposés" face à cette possibilité de transmettre l’entreprise à leurs enfants? Quelle place ceux-ci donnent-ils à l’entreprise dans leurs projets? Quel regard les familles en PME portent-elles sur le futur de leur entreprise? Comment, par les idiosyncrasies familiales, l'environnement économique et le contexte social, expliquer les faveurs et défaveurs que reçoit l’idée de transmission? C’est à ces interrogations que cette thèse entend répondre, en explorant le passé et le présent de douze PME et des familles qui les portent, douze "cas" nourris par une approche qualitative, triangulaire, transfamiliale et multigénérationnelle. / Doctorat en sciences sociales, Orientation sociologie / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished