O presente estudo teve, por objetivo, corrigir a magnitude dos óbitos registrados por câncer do colo do útero no Brasil, e analisar a magnitude da mortalidade por este câncer e sua associação com indicadores sociais, nos estados da região Nordeste, Brasil, no período compreendido entre 1996 a 2005. Para a correção do sub-registro, foram utilizados os fatores criados pelo Projeto Carga Global de Doença no Brasil-1998. Metodologia de redistribuição proporcional foi utilizada para redistribuir as categorias de diagnósticos desconhecidas, incompletas ou mal definidas de óbitos identificadas no sistema de informação sobre mortalidade, exceto os dados ausentes de idade, corrigidos através de imputação. As correções foram aplicadas para cada Unidade Federativa do pais, segundo sexo e grupo etário, e os resultados apresentados para o Brasil e cada grande região e suas respectivas áreas geográficas (capital, demais municípios das regiões metropolitanas e interior). Tendências temporais de mortalidade foram analisadas através de regressão linear simples para cada estado da região Nordeste. Índice de variação percentual foi utilizado para determinar a variabilidade da magnitude das taxas, antes e após a correção dos óbitos. Através de regressão linear, foram analisados o comportamento da correção, e as correlações entre os indicadores socioeconômicos e as taxas de mortalidade por câncer do colo de útero sem e com correção. Após as correções, as taxas de mortalidade por câncer do colo do útero no Brasil mostraram um acréscimo percentual 103,4%, com variação de 35%, para as capitais da região Sul, a 339%, para o interior da região Nordeste. Foram encontradas correlações positivas entre alguns indicadores socioeconômicos e taxas sem correção, e correlações negativa entre esses mesmos indicadores e taxas corrigidas. Com outros indicadores socioeconômicos, observou-se o inverso dessa situação. Os resultados da correção apresentaram consistência em termos geográficos e em relação aos achados da literatura, permitindo concluir que a metodologia proposta foi adequada para corrigir a magnitude das taxas de mortalidade por câncer do colo do útero no país. Se analises comparativas sobre as condições socioeconômicas e o comportamento deste câncer forem estimadas sem quaisquer conhecimentos acerca da cobertura e qualidade de registro dos óbitos, pode-se incorrer a conclusões equivocadas. Considerando a magnitude corrigida da mortalidade por câncer do colo do útero, podemos afirmar que o problema desta doença na região Nordeste e no país, e mais grave do que o observado nos informes oficiais. Contudo, os resultados apontam que os programas de controle e detecção precoce desenvolvidos no país já mostram resultados positivos. / This study aimed to correct the magnitude of registered deaths from cancer of the cervix in Brazil, and analyze the magnitude of mortality from this cancer and its association with social indicators in the states of the Northeast region, Brazil, in the period 1996 to 2005. For correction of under-registration, we used the factors created by the Global Burden of Disease Project in Brazil-1998. To redistribute the categories of diagnosis unknown, incomplete or poorly defined deaths, identified in the information system on mortality, was used the methodology of proportional redistribution, except the missing data of age, corrected by imputation. The corrections were applied to each state of the country, by sex and age group, and the results presented for Brazil and each major region and their respective geographical areas (capital, other cities and metropolitan areas of the interior). Temporal trends of mortality were analyzed using simple linear regression for each state of the region. Index percentage change was used to determine the variability of the magnitude of the rates before and after correction of the deaths. By linear regression, we analyzed the behavior of the correction and the correlations between the socio-economic indicators and mortality rates for cervical cancer with and without correction. After the correction, the mortality rates for cervical cancer in Brazil showed a percentile increment of 103.4%, with variation of 35% for capitals of South region, 339% for the interior of Northeastern region. Positive correlations between some socioeconomic indices and non -corrected rates, and negative association the same indices and fixed rates were evidenced. With others socioeconomic indices, the opposite behavior was observed. The results showed consistency in geographical terms and in relation to findings in the literature, allowing concluding that the proposed methodology was appropriate to correct the magnitude of the mortality rates for cervical cancer in the country. If comparative analysis on the socio-economic conditions and the behavior of this cancer are estimated without any knowledge about the quality and coverage of registration of deaths, wrong conclusions could be obtained. Considering the corrected magnitude of this disease we can affirm that cervical cancer in Northeastern region of Brazil is a problem bigger than the stated in the official reports. However, the results suggest that control and early detection programs developed in this country has shown positive results.

The aim of this master thesis is to analyze and evaluate the introduction of registration of sales in catering and accommodation services in the South Bohemian Region. On the basis of the findings, it is recommended to prepare recommendations for updating the registration of sales (EET) system. This thesis is based on the primary data obtained through the questionnaire survey, which took place between December 2017 and March 2018. The information source was business people of accommodation, catering and hospitality situated in the South Bohemian Region. Respondents were often addressed by e-mail. The questionnaire survey focused on the opinions to the EET before and after its introduction, satisfaction with the material-technical equipment supplier, the resulting complications and the monthly costs associated with the operation of the EET. In addition, three research questions were developed, which were evaluated from the results of the questionnaire survey The questionnaire survey showed that most of the entrepreneurs with their equipment supplier were satisfied. Due to the costs and complications associated with EET, entrepreneurs have not changed the opinion to EET and is still negative.

Le droit d’enregistrement désigne le mécanisme institutionnel d’Ancien Régime selon lequel aucunes lettres patentes – ordonnances, édits et déclarations – n’étaient exécutoires tant qu’elles n’avaient pas été enregistrées par une cour souveraine. D’où l’impression d’un «contrôle» exercé par ces cours sur les décisions royales. Cette règle est considérée comme l’un des fondements du droit public français à l’époque moderne. Or, la présence de lettres patentes enregistrées par des chambres de justice ou en Grande Chancellerie sous Louis XIII, plus particulièrement après 1630 et l’accession de Richelieu au ministériat, permet de réexaminer cette théorie. Dans les faits, le droit d’enregistrement échappait en partie aux cours souveraines et surtout à la première d’entre elle : le parlement de Paris. Le droit d’enregistrement devenait dès lors un instrument bien plus efficace qu’un lit de justice qui permettait à la monarchie de contourner l’intervention des magistrats souvent jugée longue et fastidieuse. / The Registration Right refers to the institutional mechanism of Ancien Régime according to which no letters of patent – ordinance, edit or decree – were enforceable until a Sovereign Court registered it. So it leads to an impression of control over the Royal decisions by the Courts, a rule being one the foundation stones of modern French public law. Although the presence of lettres of patent registered by judicial commissaires or by the « Grande Chancellerie » under Louis XIII, especially after 1630 and Richelieu’s accession to the Ministry, allows the re-examination this theory. In fact, the Registration Right escaped sometimes the Sovereign Courts and became an instrument – far more useful than a «lit de justice» - which permitted the Monarchy to bypass the magistrates whose action where often judged slow and fastidious.

Cette thèse traite du suivi temporel de surfaces déformables. Ces surfaces sont observées depuis plusieurs points de vue par des caméras qui capturent l'évolution de la scène et l'enregistrent sous la forme de vidéos. Du fait des progrès récents en reconstruction multi-vue, cet ensemble de vidéos peut être converti en une série de clichés tridimensionnels qui capturent l'apparence et la forme des objets dans la scène. Le problème au coeur des travaux rapportés par cette thèse est de complémenter les informations d'apparence et de forme avec des informations sur les mouvements et les déformations des objets. En d'autres mots, il s'agit de mesurer la trajectoire de chacun des points sur les surfaces observées. Ceci est un problème difficile car les vidéos capturées ne sont que des séquences d'images, et car les formes reconstruites à chaque instant le sont indépendemment les unes des autres. Si le cerveau humain excelle à recréer l'illusion de mouvement à partir de ces clichés, leur utilisation pour la mesure automatisée du mouvement reste une question largement ouverte. La majorité des précédents travaux sur le sujet se sont focalisés sur la capture du mouvement humain et ont bénéficié de la nature articulée de ce mouvement qui pouvait être utilisé comme a-priori dans les calculs. La spécificité des développements présentés ici réside dans la généricité des méthodes qui permettent de capturer des scènes dynamiques plus complexes contenant plusieurs acteurs et différents objets déformables de nature inconnue a priori. Pour suivre les surfaces de la façon la plus générique possible, nous formulons le problème comme celui de l'alignement géométrique de surfaces, et déformons un maillage de référence pour l'aligner avec les maillages indépendemment reconstruits de la séquence. Nous présentons un ensemble d'algorithmes et d'outils numériques intégrés dans une chaîne de traitements dont le résultat est un maillage animé. Notre première contribution est une méthode de déformation de maillage qui divise la surface en une collection de morceaux élémentaires de surfaces que nous nommons patches. Ces patches sont organisés dans un graphe de déformation, et une force est appliquée sur cette structure pour émuler une déformation élastique par rapport à la pose de référence. Comme seconde contribution, nous présentons une formulation probabiliste de l'alignement de surfaces déformables qui modélise explicitement le bruit dans le processus d'acquisition. Pour finir, nous étudions dans quelle mesure les a-prioris sur la nature articulée du mouvement peuvent aider, et comparons différents modèles de déformation à une méthode de suivi de squelette. Les développements rapportés par cette thèse sont validés par de nombreuses expériences sur une variété de séquences. Ces résultats montrent qu'en dépit d'a-prioris moins forts sur les surfaces suivies, les idées présentées permettent de traiter des scènes complexes contenant de multiples objets tout en se comportant de façon robuste vis-a-vis de données fragmentaires et d'erreurs de reconstruction. / In this thesis we address the problem of digitizing the motion of three-dimensional shapes that move and deform in time. These shapes are observed from several points of view with cameras that record the scene's evolution as videos. Using available reconstruction methods, these videos can be converted into a sequence of three-dimensional snapshots that capture the appearance and shape of the objects in the scene. The focus of this thesis is to complement appearance and shape with information on the motion and deformation of objects. In other words, we want to measure the trajectory of every point on the observed surfaces. This is a challenging problem because the captured videos are only sequences of images, and the reconstructed shapes are built independently from each other. While the human brain excels at recreating the illusion of motion from these snapshots, using them to automatically measure motion is still largely an open problem. The majority of prior works on the subject has focused on tracking the performance of one human actor, and used the strong prior knowledge on the articulated nature of human motion to handle the ambiguity and noise inherent to visual data. In contrast, the presented developments consist of generic methods that allow to digitize scenes involving several humans and deformable objects of arbitrary nature. To perform surface tracking as generically as possible, we formulate the problem as the geometric registration of surfaces and deform a reference mesh to fit a sequence of independently reconstructed meshes. We introduce a set of algorithms and numerical tools that integrate into a pipeline whose output is an animated mesh. Our first contribution consists of a generic mesh deformation model and numerical optimization framework that divides the tracked surface into a collection of patches, organizes these patches in a deformation graph and emulates elastic behavior with respect to the reference pose. As a second contribution, we present a probabilistic formulation of deformable surface registration that embeds the inference in an Expectation-Maximization framework that explicitly accounts for the noise and in the acquisition. As a third contribution, we look at how prior knowledge can be used when tracking articulated objects, and compare different deformation model with skeletal-based tracking. The studies reported by this thesis are supported by extensive experiments on various 4D datasets. They show that in spite of weaker assumption on the nature of the tracked objects, the presented ideas allow to process complex scenes involving several arbitrary objects, while robustly handling missing data and relatively large reconstruction artifacts.

Dans la vie de tous les jours, lorsque nous regardons le monde qui nous entoure, nous bougeons constamment nos yeux. Notre regard se porte successivement sur différents endroits du champ visuel afin de capter l'information visuelle. Ainsi, nos yeux se stabilisent sur deux à trois régions différentes par seconde pendant des périodes appelées fixations. Entre deux fixations, nous réalisons des mouvements rapides des yeux pour déplacer notre regard vers une autre région ; on parle de saccades oculaires. Ces mouvements oculaires sont étroitement liés à l'attention. Quels sont les processus attentionnels mis en jeu lors de l'exploration de scènes ? Comment les facteurs liés à la scène ou à la consigne donnée pour l'exploration modifient-ils les paramètres des mouvements oculaires ? Comment ces modifications évoluent-elles au cours de l'exploration ? Dans cette thèse, nous proposons d'analyser conjointement les données oculométriques et électroencéphalographiques (EEG) pour mieux comprendre les processus attentionnels impliqués dans le traitement de l'information visuelle acquise pendant l'exploration de scènes. Nous étudions à la fois l'influence de facteurs de bas niveau, c'est-à-dire l'information visuelle contenue dans la scène et de haut niveau, c'est-à-dire la consigne donnée aux observateurs. Dans une première étude, nous avons considéré les facteurs de haut niveau à travers la modulation de la tâche à réaliser pour l'exploration des scènes. Nous avons choisi quatre tâches : l'exploration libre, la catégorisation, la recherche visuelle et l'organisation spatiale. Ces tâches ont été choisies car elles impliquent des traitements de l'information visuelle de nature différente et peuvent être classées en fonction de leur niveau de difficulté ou de demande attentionnelle. Dans une seconde étude, nous nous sommes focalisées plus particulièrement sur la recherche visuelle et l'influence de la contrainte temporelle. Enfin, dans une troisième étude, nous considérons les facteurs de bas niveau à travers l'influence d'un distracteur visuel perturbant l'exploration libre. Pour les deux premières études, nous avons enregistré conjointement les mouvements oculaires et les signaux EEG d'un grand nombre de sujets. L'analyse conjointe des signaux EEG et oculométriques permet de tirer profit des deux méthodes. L'oculométrie permet d'accéder aux mouvements oculaires et donc au déploiement de l'attention visuelle sur la scène. Elle permet de connaitre à quel moment et quels endroits de la scène sont regardés. L'EEG permet, avec une grande résolution temporelle, de mettre en avant des différences dans les processus attentionnels selon la condition expérimentale. Ainsi, nous avons montré des différences entre les tâches au niveau des potentiels évoqués par l'apparition de la scène et pour les fixations au cours de l'exploration. De plus, nous avons mis en évidence un lien fort entre le niveau global de l'activité EEG observée sur les régions frontales et les durées de fixation mais aussi des marqueurs de résolution de la tâche au niveau des potentiels évoqués liés à des fixations d'intérêt. L'analyse conjointe des données EEG et oculométriques permet donc de rendre compte des différences de traitement liées à différentes demandes attentionnelles. / In everyday life, when we explored the word, we moved continually our eyes. We focus your gaze successively on different location of the visual field, in order to get the visual information. In this way, our eyes became stable on two or three different regions per second, during period called fixation. Between two fixations, we make fast movements of the eyes to move our gaze to another position; it was called saccade. Eye movements are closely linked to attention. What are the attentional processes involved during scene exploration? How factors related to the scene or the task modify the parameters of eye movements? How these changes evolve during the exploration? In the thesis, we proposed to jointly analyze eye movements and electroencephalographic (EEG) data to better understand attentional processes involved during the processing of the visual information acquired during the exploration of scenes. We focused on low and high level factors. Low level factors corresponded to the visual information included in the scene and high level factors corresponded to the instruction give to observers. In a first study, we considered high level factors by manipulating the instructions for observers. We chose four tasks: free-exploration, categorization, visual search and spatial organization. These tasks were chosen because they involved different visual information processing and can be classified by level of difficulty or attentional demands. In a second study, we focused on the visual search task and on the influence of a time constraint. Finally, in a third study, we considered low level factors by analyzing the influence of a distractor disturbing the free-exploration of scenes. For the two first experiments, we jointly recorded eye movements and EEG signals of a large number of observers. The joint analysis of EEG and eye movement data takes advantage of the two methods. Eye tracking allowed to access to eye movements parameters and therefore to the visual attention deployment. It allowed knowing when and where the regions of the scene were gazed at. EEG allowed to access to differences on attentional processes depending on the experimental condition, with a high temporal resolution. We found differences between tasks for evoked potentials elicited by the scene onset and by fixations along the exploration. Furthermore, we demonstrated a strong link between the global EEG activity observed over frontal regions and fixation durations but also markers of the solving of the task on evoked potentials elicited by fixations of interest. Therefore, joint analysis of EEG and eye movement data allowed to report different processes related to attentional demanding.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:28:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-02-21Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:32:33Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 pereira_slg_me_arafcf.pdf: 629055 bytes, checksum: 4c92bb2be28496297c6aee8cad01e39a (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) / Na sua quase totalidade, as formas farmacêuticas líquidas apresentam agentes conservantes em suas fórmulas visando a proteção contra o desenvolvimento microbiano. Entretanto, pesquisas indicam que conservantes são substâncias tóxicas, pois dependendo da concentração administrada podem provocar reações adversas ou intoxicações. A inclusão desses agentes na fórmula de um medicamento deve seguir rigorosamente os parâmetros de eficácia e segurança, garantindo assim proteção antimicrobiana máxima sem provocar danos aos usuários. Por essas razões, este estudo teve como objetivo analisar os possíveis impactos na qualidade das dispersões moleculares de uso oral comercializadas no Brasil em decorrência das alterações na concentração de excipientes no pós-registro de medicamentos, em especial a modificação “moderada” de conservantes (5 – 10%). Foram analisadas as fórmulas de todas as dispersões moleculares de uso oral, de referência, registradas na ANVISA em março de 2009, e os respectivos sistemas conservantes foram identificados. A elaboração de uma matriz “medicamentos versus sistemas conservantes” propiciou a definição dos principais sistemas conservantes empregados industrialmente e sua inserção em oito fórmulas de bancada. Os testes de efetividade antimicrobiana realizados nestas fórmulas indicaram que metade delas não atendeu aos critérios de aceitação propostos na monografia oficial (USP 32), além de outras duas que apresentaram frágil proteção antimicrobiana, pois nelas o crescimento microbiano esteve muito próximo do limite máximo permitido. Em se tratando dos riscos que tais alterações possam provocar na conservação de um medicamento, estes valores são preocupantes, especialmente em escala industrial e, no mínimo, as fórmulas não aprovadas deveriam ser retestadas / Almost all liquid dosage forms have preservative agents in their formulas in order to protect against microbial growth. However, researches indicate that preservatives are toxic, because depending on the administered concentration they can cause adverse reactions or intoxications. The inclusion of these agents in the formulation of a product should strictly follow the parameters of efficacy and safety, thus ensuring maximum antimicrobial protection without causing harm to users. For these reasons, this study aimed to examine the possible impacts on the quality of molecular dispersions for oral administration commercialized in Brazil as a result of changes in the concentration of excipients in the post-registration of medicines, particularly the “moderate” modification of preservative agents (5 – 10%). All formulas of molecular dispersions for oral use, as reference drugs, recorded at ANVISA in March 2009 were analyzed and the preservative agents were identified. The development of a matrix drugs versus preservative systems led to the definition of major preservative systems used industrially and their inclusions in eight formulas studied. The antimicrobial effectiveness tests conducted on these formulas indicated that half of them did not meet the acceptance criteria proposed in the official monograph (USP 32), beyond two other formulas that presented weak antimicrobial protection, because microbial growth in them was very close to the maximum allowed. Considering the risks that such changes may result in the conservation of a drug these negative values are worrisome, especially on an industrial scale and, at least, the formulas not approved should be retested

Submitted by Luciana Sebin (lusebin@ufscar.br) on 2016-10-06T13:29:02Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DissBCGS.pdf: 7250050 bytes, checksum: df4b2203e5e586a2cba2f75ff4af7f2f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2016-10-13T20:24:11Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissBCGS.pdf: 7250050 bytes, checksum: df4b2203e5e586a2cba2f75ff4af7f2f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2016-10-13T20:24:21Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissBCGS.pdf: 7250050 bytes, checksum: df4b2203e5e586a2cba2f75ff4af7f2f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-13T20:24:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissBCGS.pdf: 7250050 bytes, checksum: df4b2203e5e586a2cba2f75ff4af7f2f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-19 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Over the last few years, a large number of researchers have directed their efforts and interests for the in vivo study of the cellular and molecular mechanisms of leukocyte-endothelial interactions in the microcirculation of many tissues under different inflammatory conditions. The main goal of these studies is to develop more effective therapeutic strategies for the treatment of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Nowadays, analysis of the leukocyte-endothelial interactions in small animals is performed by visual assessment from an intravital microscopy image sequences. Besides being time consuming, this procedure may cause visual fatigue of the observer and, therefore, generate false statistics. In this context, this work aims to study and develop computational techniques for the automatic detection and tracking of leukocytes in intravital video microscopy. For that, results from frame to frame processing (2D – spatial analysis) will be combined with those from the three-dimensional analysis (3D=2D+t – spatio-temporal analysis) of the volume formed by stacking the video frames. The main technique addressed for both processings is based on the analysis of the eigenvalues of the local Hessian matrix. While the 2D image processing aims the leukocyte detection without worrying about their tracking, 2D+t processing is intended to assist on the dynamic analysis of cell movement (tracking), being able to predict cell movements in cases of occlusion, for example. In this work we used intravital video microscopy obtained from a study of Multiple Sclerosis in mice. Noise reduction and registration techniques comprise the preprocessing step. In addition, techniques for the analysis and definition of cellular pathways comprise the post processing step. Results of 2D and 2D+t processing steps, compared with conventional visual analysis, have shown the effectiveness of the proposed approach. / Nos últimos anos, um grande número de pesquisadores tem voltado seus esforços e interesses para o estudo in vivo dos mecanismos celulares e moleculares da interação leucócitoendotélio na microcirculação de vários tecidos e em várias condições inflamatórias. O principal objetivo desses estudos é desenvolver estratégias terapêuticas mais eficazes para o tratamento de doenças inflamatórias e autoimunes. Atualmente, a análise de interações leucócito-endotélio em pequenos animais é realizada de maneira visual a partir de uma sequência de imagens de microscopia intravital. Além de ser demorado, esse procedimento pode levar à fadiga visual do observador e, portanto, gerar falsas estatísticas. Nesse contexto, este trabalho de pesquisa tem como objetivo estudar e desenvolver técnicas computacionais para a detecção e rastreamento automáticos de leucócitos em vídeos de microscopia intravital. Para isso, resultados do processamento quadro a quadro do vídeo (2D – análise espacial) serão combinados com os resultados da análise tridimensional (3D=2D+t – análise espaço-temporal) do volume formado pelo empilhamento dos quadros do vídeo. A principal técnica abordada para ambos os processamentos é baseada na análise local dos autovalores da matriz Hessiana. Enquanto o processamento de imagens 2D tem como objetivo a detecção de leucócitos sem se preocupar com seu rastreamento, o processamento 2D+t pretende auxiliar na análise dinâmica de movimentação das células (rastreamento), sendo capaz de prever movimentos celulares em casos de oclusão, por exemplo. Neste trabalho foram utilizados vídeos de microscopia intravital obtidos a partir de um estudo da Esclerose Múltipla realizado com camundongos. Técnicas de redução de ruído e estabilização do movimento das sequências de imagens compõem a etapa de pré-processamento, assim como técnicas para a definição e análise dos caminhos celulares compõem a etapa de pós-processamento. Resultados das etapas de processamento 2D e 2D+t, comparados com a convencional análise visual, demonstraram a eficácia da abordagem proposta. / FAPESP: 2013/26171-6

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-01T19:18:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao.pdf: 2687128 bytes, checksum: 4fb93200b1444d5fee78054a5381a722 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-06-07 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This work presents the restructuring of an essential service o ered by the extrajudicial public notaries. Nowadays, these public notaries are passing through internal changes in their processes, being this due to the necessity of incorporating new technologies to answer the demands of modern society. The restructured process being study in this work is the issuance of the birth certi_cate, which, spite ful_lling its goal, must su_er changes in order to adequate itself to the governmental proposal of diminishing the birth sub-registration rates. Therefore, primarily the theory involving the current process of birth certi_cate issuance is contextualized, afterwards, the new technological knowledge that will be incorporated in the current process is presented and discussed, and, _- nally, the restructured process is presented. The result is a modern process that meets the requisites for diminishing the birth sub-registration rates, however, future works will be needed to operationalize it / Este trabalho apresenta uma proposta de restruturação de um serviço essencial oferecido pelas serventias extrajudiciais. Atualmente estas serventias estão passando por mudanças internas em seus processos, isto se deve à necessidade de incorporar novas tecnologias para atender às demandas da sociedade moderna. O processo reestruturado neste trabalho é o da emissão da certidão de nascimento que, apesar de cumprir com seu objetivo, necessita de mudanças devido a proposta governamental de diminuir as taxas de sub-registro de nascimento. Assim, primeiramente é contextualizada toda a teoria que envolve o processo atual de emissão da certidão de nascimento, depois são apresentados novos conhecimentos tecnológicos que serão incorporados no processo atual e, por fim, é apresentando o processo restruturado. O resultado é um processo moderno que atende aos requisitos para a diminuição do sub-registro de nascimento, contudo para sua operacionalização ainda são necessários trabalhos futuros

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro / A questão do patrimônio vem ganhando destaque nos últimos anos, sendo relacionada a temas e universos sociais variados e bastantes distintos. Este trabalho discute um dos aspectos mais recentes das políticas de patrimônio no Brasil, a política de inventário, registro e salvaguarda, instituída pelo Decreto 3.551. A tônica desta pesquisa foi refletir sobre a dinâmica do processo de transformação de determinadas expressões e práticas culturais em "bens patrimoniais", processo caracterizado aqui como a patrimonialização da cultura. O trabalho discute os impasses decorrentes da aplicação e operacionalização da política do patrimônio imaterial tendo como suporte o estudo do processo de inventário, registro e salvaguarda do jongo no Sudeste, realizado pelas equipes de pesquisa do Centro Nacional de Folclore e Cultura Popular CNFCP como parte do Projeto Celebrações e Saberes da Cultura Popular. / The issue of heritage has been gaining attention in recent years, related to diverse and quite distinct topics and social worlds. This paper discusses one of the most recent aspects of the heritage policies in Brazil, ie, the policy of inventory, registration and safeguard, established by Decree 3551, in 2000. The emphasis of this research was to reflect on the dynamics of the transformation of certain expressions and cultural practices in "patrimonial goods", a process characterized here as patrimonialization of culture. The work aims to discuss the impasse arising from the implementation and operationalization of the intangible heritage policy having as support the study of the inventory, registration and safeguard process of the jongo conducted by research teams of the National Center for Folklore and Popular Culture CNFCP, as part of Celebrations and Knowledge of Popular Culture Project.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:55:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 VitorMUA_DISSERT.pdf: 1704175 bytes, checksum: aa664311278faf5559b37a1627d7e89e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-07-29 / In Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM - Simultaneous Localization and Mapping), a robot placed in an unknown location in any environment must be able to create a perspective of this environment (a map) and is situated in the same simultaneously, using only information captured by the robot s sensors and control signals known. Recently, driven by the advance of computing power, work in this area have proposed to use video camera as a sensor and it came so Visual SLAM. This has several approaches and the vast majority of them work basically extracting features of the environment, calculating the necessary correspondence and through these estimate the required parameters. This work presented a monocular visual SLAM system that uses direct image registration to calculate the image reprojection error and optimization methods that minimize this error and thus obtain the parameters for the robot pose and map of the environment directly from the pixels of the images. Thus the steps of extracting and matching features are not needed, enabling our system works well in environments where traditional approaches have difficulty. Moreover, when addressing the problem of SLAM as proposed in this work we avoid a very common problem in traditional approaches, known as error propagation. Worrying about the high computational cost of this approach have been tested several types of optimization methods in order to find a good balance between good estimates and processing time. The results presented in this work show the success of this system in different environments / No SLAM (Simultaneous Localization and Mapping), um rob? posicionado em uma localiza??o desconhecida de um ambiente qualquer deve ser capaz de construir uma perspectiva deste ambiente (um mapa) e se localizar no mesmo simultaneamente, utilizando apenas informa??es captadas pelos sensores do rob? e muitas vezes sinais de controle conhecidos. Recentemente, impulsionados pelo avan?o computacional, trabalhos nessa ?rea propuseram usar c?mera de v?deo como sensor e surgiu assim o SLAM Visual. Este possui v?rias abordagens e a grande maioria delas funcionam, basicamente, extraindo caracter?sticas do ambiente, calculando as devidas correspond?ncias e atrav?s destas, e de filtros estat?sticos, estimam os par?metros necess?rios. Neste trabalho ? apresentado um sistema de SLAM Visual Monocular que utiliza registro direto de imagem para calcular o erro de reproje??o entre imagens e m?todos de otimiza??o que minimizam esse erro e assim obter os par?metros relativos ? pose do rob? e o mapa do ambiente diretamente dos pixels das imagens. Dessa forma as etapas de extra??o e correspond?ncia de caracter?sticas s?o dispensadas, possibilitando que nosso sistema funcione bem em ambientes onde as abordagens tradicionais teriam dificuldades. Al?m disso, ao se abordar o problema do SLAM da forma proposta nesse trabalho evitase um problema muito comum nas abordagens tradicionais, conhecido como acumulo do erro. Preocupando-se com o elevado custo computacional desta abordagem foram testados v?rios tipos de m?todos de otimiza??o afim de achar um bom equil?brio entre boas estimativas e tempo de processamento. Os resultados apresentados neste trabalho comprovam o funcionamento desse sistema em diferentes ambientes