Abstract This study is an exploratory study. It discusses the comparison of pet dog business sales paths about web-store and traditional store sale path. This study tries to find the suitable sales path of pet dog business.Through this study, we could find the pet dog business is thrived by the web-store in Internet. Due to some problems of safety trade and order in Internet, we suggest the pet dog business must combine the traditional store sales path and web-store to get more performance. In the conclusion, if we can handle and control the following key successful factors, we will get more competition in the pet dog business: 1. The key successful factors of traditional store sales path: the price of the product (the price of dog), pre and after service, the dog health. 2. The key successful factors of web-store: the friendly website design and safety trade.

With the emergence of urban shopping mall in Taiwan, the general commodity marketers created a new retailing business model. Several stores of the same product category convene together in the mall to take advantage of the congregation of a consumer crowd. The current study conducted a questionnaires survey at Dream Mall of Kaohsiung, Taiwan, studying consumer behavior regarding the same-product category store: purchase readiness, information search, and store choice. The three testing same-category-stores in the mall are Daiso, Nitori and the Working House, which all are selling household wares. Another two major topics of the current research are shopper types and evaluation of shopping mall. The 468 valid consumer subjects for the study were randomly solicited to participate the questionnaires survey at the door fronts of each above stores.The result of indicates there exist different types of shopper in the mall., There are significant differences in terms of purchase readiness and in information search. Moreover, purchase readiness and attribute consideration on products significantly affect their store choice.

Thesis (M. Sc.)--University of Hong Kong, 1998. / Includes bibliographical references.

Indoor air is associated with substantial health risks and is estimated to be responsible for the loss of over 4.7 million healthy life years (years lost due to morbidity and mortality) annually in the U.S. The highest indoor air-related health benefits can be expected from policies and strategies that efficiently target pollutants having the greatest contribution to the burden of disease. This burden is caused by indoor sources as well as by outdoor pollutants transported to the indoors. The diversity of pollutants, pollutant sources, and the resulting health effects challenge the comparison of the impacts of different control strategies on energy consumption and indoor air quality. To address this challenge, this work presents a quantitative framework for reaching the optimal energy cost for the maximum achieved exposure benefits, specifically for retail buildings and their understudied energy, economic, and health risk influence. The main objectives of this dissertation are to 1) determine pollutants of concern in retail buildings that contribute the greatest to the burden of disease, and 2) determine energy-efficient, exposure-based control strategies for different retail types and locations. The research in this dissertation is divided into four specific aims that fulfill these two objectives. The first specific aim (Specific aim 1.a) addresses Objective 1 by applying available disease impact models on pollutant concentrations taken from 15 literature studies (150 stores, a total of 34 pollutants). Of those pollutants, there was little data reported on particulate matter (PM) concentrations and none on emission rates for PM, limiting our understanding of exposure to this pollutant. The second specific aim (Specific aim 1.b) also addresses Objective 1 by characterizing particulate matter (PM) concentrations, emission rates, and fate of ambient and indoor-generated particles in retail buildings. The tasks of this specific aim consisted of particulate matter and ventilation measurements in 14 retail buildings. Among the findings of Objective 1, PM2.5 and acrolein are the main contaminants of concern for which control methods should be prioritized, contributing to 160 disability-adjusted life years (DALYs; years lost due to premature mortality and disability) per 100,000 persons annually. Employees in grocery stores mainly drove this burden. An efficient indoor exposure reduction strategy should take into account all mechanisms that influence pollutant concentrations: indoor and outdoor sources (highlighting the importance of retail type and location), infiltration, ventilation, and filtration. The remaining specific aims address Objective 2 by investigating the energy and air quality impact of two commonly used exposure control scenarios, ventilation (Specific aim 2.a) and filtration (Specific aim 2.b). The tasks of Specific aim 2.a consisted of modeling the impact of multiple ventilation strategies on contaminants of concern for six major U.S. cities and two retail types. The tasks for Specific aim 2.b consisted of conducting field measurements on 15 rooftop units to determine the fan energy impacts of filter pressure drop. These results are used in combination with a large dataset of 75 filters commonly installed in commercial buildings to estimate the energy consequences of filtration. Results for Objective 2 are presented from the quantitative comparison of the impact on energy usage and DALYs lost of three main approaches: (1) adjusting ventilation only; (2) adjusting filtration only; and (3) adjusting ventilation and filtration together. All approaches were able to provide substantial reductions in the health risks (19-26% decrease in DALYs lost); the magnitude of the reductions depended on the ventilation/filtration scenario, the retail type, and the city. The magnitude of energy cost to achieve the maximum health benefits depended on the city and the retail type (for example for a 10,000 m2 grocery store, the energy cost ranged from $1,100 for the annual cost of filtration energy in Los Angeles to $24,000 for the annual cost of ventilation in Austin). The uncertainties of the estimates driving these findings are discussed throughout the results section. The finding that emerges from this analysis is the pollutant exposure control ventilation (PECV) strategy. This strategy is superior to the ventilation rate procedure (VRP; ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2010) and the indoor air quality procedure (IAQP; ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2010) as it decides on a range of ventilation rates by weighing the exposures of contaminants of concern found in retail buildings. Then, among the range of ventilation rates identified, the PECV recommends the optimal ventilation rate that leads to energy usage savings in the climate considered. Overall, the work presented here prioritizes specific contaminants of concern in retail buildings and proposes an exposure-based, energy-efficient control strategy for different retail types and locations. Policy makers, engineers, and building owners can use these results to decide amongst appropriate control strategies that will lead to minimum energy consumption and, at the same time, will not compromise occupant health. This work can be repeated for different types of buildings, notably for residences, schools, and offices where abundant information is available on both pollutant concentrations and ventilation rates, but where information is lacking on how to optimize the control strategies for better indoor air quality. / text

ITC/USA 2014 Conference Proceedings / The Fiftieth Annual International Telemetering Conference and Technical Exhibition / October 20-23, 2014 / Town and Country Resort & Convention Center, San Diego, CA / Flight tests and flight safety are tightly coupled. For a given experimental test flight, the main objective to be achieved is related to the test bed and crew integrity (i.e. Bring back the test bed in one piece). Furthermore, the aircraft operational safety (i.e. continued airworthiness) relies into the accuracy of gathered information, provided by the airborne Flight Test Instrumentation (FTI) system. Typically, the FTI system includes: a data acquisition system; a transmission system; a data recorder; multiple sensors and auxiliary equipment such as Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) Receiver. In a specific Flight Test Campaign (FTC), such as external stores separation FTC, the associated risk is high because the non-linear and unpredicted aerodynamics couplings between the released store and the aircraft structure (e.g. wings) could lead to a catastrophic collision condition. Typically, the setup for such FTC is a big technical challenge for the instrumentation group because the determination of six degrees of freedom (6Dof) trajectory of the release store becomes mandatory. Such information could be by the means of an optical tracking system that requires the integration of two or more hi-speed hi-resolution video cameras into FTI. Unfortunately, the FTI and the Real-Time Telemetry Link (RTL) limited bandwidth imposes several restrictions for the development and implementation of a real-time application to be used at the Ground Telemetry System (GTS) for the verification of the separation safety and the validation of the test point. This paper, presents the implementation of computer vision techniques and Camshift algorithm as an approach to tracking individual track targets on the store surface which can be perform onboard and in real time or near real time. The development of the algorithm is presented as well several experimental test results that use videos frames gathered from previous FTC executed by Instituto de Pesquisas e Ensaios em Voo (Flight Test and Research Institute - IPEV). Preliminary results present satisfactory performance.

The purpose of this qualitive content analysis is to examine and analyse how children are visualized in toy catalogs, depending on their gender, 2014 - 2015.   It is important to observe how advertisement maintains the gender stereotypes norms of our society, since it has a major impact on our self-image and identity. Especially when it comes to children, who absorb everything and also because it is during the childhood the socialization process begins.   It is common that toy stores and toy catalogs distinguish boy toys from girl toys, based on the toy’s colour, form and function. This phenomena has become a topic of public discussion in recent years. Therefore, the two large toy companies, BR-leksaker and Toys “R” Us, claim to have published gender neutral toy catalogs by changing the gender roles and letting boys and girls play together with the same toys.   In order to gain more knowledge of toys impact on gender roles, we studied previous research by scientist in the field of gender, e.g. Almqvist, Butler and Connell. By using a qualitative method with a semiotic perspective, we found recurrent underlying aspects in the advertisements, by the selection of twelve pictures. The studies result implies that the studied toy catalogs are not yet equal, although a certain level of progress can be ascertained. Not even the three most equal advertisements visualized girls and boys equally, because of details such as stereotypical hairstyles, accessories and clothing. Furthermore, the study shows that girls are portrayed with boy toys than vice versa, which implies that boys are to a greater extent regarded as abnormal.

Much of the academic literature and many health promotion materials related to Aboriginal peoples and food reflect and propagate a problematic view of authentic Aboriginal cultures: that they are frozen in time and are in need of protection. This prevailing view ignores the reality that all cultures, and their cuisines, evolve and adapt through creativity and resilience. Most food research focusing on Aboriginal peoples centers around narrowly defined “traditional foods,” and little attention has been paid to what they themselves consider to be “traditional foods,” or the socio-cultural significance of contemporary food patterns. Because others have often paternalistically assumed to know what is in their best interests, Aboriginal peoples’ perspectives have seldomly been heard on such matters. The purpose of this project was to hear the voices of Aboriginal peoples about the meanings and values of foods in their contemporary diets. Participants, who self-identified as being Aboriginal persons, living in or near Terrace, British Columbia, were asked to take pictures of everyday foods, which were used in open-ended, semi-structured, photo-elucidated interviews. Themes identified in preliminary analysis were further discussed in a group interview. Analysis of these interviews showed support for some key issues documented in the academic literature, such as barriers that exist in accessing and using locally gathered foods. However, particiants also contested some of the assumptions implicit in research and health promotion materials, such as the dichotomization of gathered foods as “healthy” and store-bought foods as “unhealthy.” Analysis showed that the meanings participants ascribe to food are context dependant; for example, different partcipants might consider a particular food a luxury, staple or “poor food,” depending on their backgrounds. Analysis also revealed that there are debates about what foods are considered to be “traditional.” The findings of this research urge us to reconsider some of the assumptions that inform research and health promotion activities targetting Aboriginal peoples. / Thesis (Master, Kinesiology & Health Studies) -- Queen's University, 2010-06-03 17:08:42.632

Since the retail industry is marked by intense competition, retailers must examine the factors influencing the buying behaviour of their targeted consumers and ensure that they formulate a retail strategy that contributes to a pleasant consumer retail experience. Consumers' total retail experience is determined by numerous store attributes that interact, implying that apparel retailers (and stores selling casual wear in particular) should be concerned with store attributes that are important to their target market as well as their satisfaction with the current store attributes they offer. In view of the fact that consumers evaluate store attributes when making store selections, it is imperative that stores selling casual wear must be familiar with consumer behaviour, specifically the consumer decision-making process, as this process guides consumers to determine if, what, when, where, how, from who and how often to purchase products and services. Consumers enter into a retail experience with a set of expectations of what they would like to happen and what store attributes should be present. Consumer expectations influence the manner in which store attributes and other stimuli from the retail environment are interpreted. Evidently, an attractive store environment can be perceived as unsatisfactory if it fails to meet consumers' desired level of expectations. Thus, expectations influence consumers' satisfaction with the retail experience as well as store attributes offered by the store, which in turn affects consumers' overall satisfaction and store selection choices. The primary objective of this study was to determine the importance of, and satisfaction with, store attributes to black Generation Y consumers when selecting a store selling casual wear. An interviewer-administrated questionnaire was developed to determine which store attributes are important to black Generation Y consumers when selecting a store selling casual wear and how satisfied they were with the store attributes offered by the store they most often buy their casual wear from. Respondents between the ages of 16 and 24 were intercepted at a mall in Soweto by means of a non-probability convenience sample. In total, 261 respondents participated in this study. Results indicated that nine reliable Importance factors when determining which factors black Generation Y respondents consider when selecting a store selling casual wear could be identified, namely Service provided by salespeople; Check-out points, dressing rooms, store hours and proximity to store; Display of casual wear and in-store advertising; Store appearance, styles, sizes and quality of casual wear; Physical facilities to enhance shopping convenience; Offering of cell phones and accessories; Music played; Price of casual wear; and Alteration of clothing and lay-buy services. Further analysis indicated that respondents were less satisfied with Store appearance, styles, sizes and quality of casual wear than the importance of this factor to them. Results also indicated• that practically significant differences exist between various demographic variables of respondents and the importance of, and satisfaction with, store attributes offered by stores selling casual wear. It is recommended that stores selling casual wear who target black Generation Y consumers focus on the above-mentioned Importance factors and ensure that these stores attributes form part of their retail and marketing strategies. Stores selling casual wear should furthermore focus on improving customer satisfaction on those store attributes that are important to their customers. It is also recommended that stores selling casual wear conduct research to determine whether differences exist pertaining to their customers' demographic profile and their satisfaction levels with store attributes. Based on these results, customers can be grouped accordingly to identify strategies for improving customer satisfaction with store attributes. Recommendations for future research include comparison studies among different black cultures in South Africa to determine whether consumers differ regarding store attributes that are important to them in store selection as well as their satisfaction with a store delivering on those store attributes. Similar studies could be conducted among different population groups, age groups, income levels and geographic regions, as well as between consumers in developed and developing countries. It is also worthwhile to consider duplicating the study for other product categories to determine which attributes black generation Y consumers consider important when buying other products. / Thesis (M.Com. (Business Management)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2010.

Since the retail industry is marked by intense competition, retailers must examine the factors influencing the buying behaviour of their targeted consumers and ensure that they formulate a retail strategy that contributes to a pleasant consumer retail experience. Consumers' total retail experience is determined by numerous store attributes that interact, implying that apparel retailers (and stores selling casual wear in particular) should be concerned with store attributes that are important to their target market as well as their satisfaction with the current store attributes they offer. In view of the fact that consumers evaluate store attributes when making store selections, it is imperative that stores selling casual wear must be familiar with consumer behaviour, specifically the consumer decision-making process, as this process guides consumers to determine if, what, when, where, how, from who and how often to purchase products and services. Consumers enter into a retail experience with a set of expectations of what they would like to happen and what store attributes should be present. Consumer expectations influence the manner in which store attributes and other stimuli from the retail environment are interpreted. Evidently, an attractive store environment can be perceived as unsatisfactory if it fails to meet consumers' desired level of expectations. Thus, expectations influence consumers' satisfaction with the retail experience as well as store attributes offered by the store, which in turn affects consumers' overall satisfaction and store selection choices. The primary objective of this study was to determine the importance of, and satisfaction with, store attributes to black Generation Y consumers when selecting a store selling casual wear. An interviewer-administrated questionnaire was developed to determine which store attributes are important to black Generation Y consumers when selecting a store selling casual wear and how satisfied they were with the store attributes offered by the store they most often buy their casual wear from. Respondents between the ages of 16 and 24 were intercepted at a mall in Soweto by means of a non-probability convenience sample. In total, 261 respondents participated in this study. Results indicated that nine reliable Importance factors when determining which factors black Generation Y respondents consider when selecting a store selling casual wear could be identified, namely Service provided by salespeople; Check-out points, dressing rooms, store hours and proximity to store; Display of casual wear and in-store advertising; Store appearance, styles, sizes and quality of casual wear; Physical facilities to enhance shopping convenience; Offering of cell phones and accessories; Music played; Price of casual wear; and Alteration of clothing and lay-buy services. Further analysis indicated that respondents were less satisfied with Store appearance, styles, sizes and quality of casual wear than the importance of this factor to them. Results also indicated• that practically significant differences exist between various demographic variables of respondents and the importance of, and satisfaction with, store attributes offered by stores selling casual wear. It is recommended that stores selling casual wear who target black Generation Y consumers focus on the above-mentioned Importance factors and ensure that these stores attributes form part of their retail and marketing strategies. Stores selling casual wear should furthermore focus on improving customer satisfaction on those store attributes that are important to their customers. It is also recommended that stores selling casual wear conduct research to determine whether differences exist pertaining to their customers' demographic profile and their satisfaction levels with store attributes. Based on these results, customers can be grouped accordingly to identify strategies for improving customer satisfaction with store attributes. Recommendations for future research include comparison studies among different black cultures in South Africa to determine whether consumers differ regarding store attributes that are important to them in store selection as well as their satisfaction with a store delivering on those store attributes. Similar studies could be conducted among different population groups, age groups, income levels and geographic regions, as well as between consumers in developed and developing countries. It is also worthwhile to consider duplicating the study for other product categories to determine which attributes black generation Y consumers consider important when buying other products. / Thesis (M.Com. (Business Management)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2010.

Ever since introduced and rolled out on the market during the 1950's and 1960's the supermarket format of grocery retail stores has played an important role in the grocery retail sector in Sweden, as well as in other countries. Although the sector in Sweden has evolved into a sector harbouring various store formats, the supermarket remains the major one - about half of the total volume of sales currently goes through supermarkets. Issues referring to the economic performance of supermarkets, and its antecedents, are thus of interest not only to retailers, but also to consumers as well as to society, overall. This study contributes to previous research by explicitly addressing bottom-line performance of supermarkets, and by bridging different fields of research. With the structure-conduct-performance (SCP) paradigm as theoretical underpinning, a cross-sectional design is developed for the study, comprising the economic performance of 168 supermarkets. By pooling data from various sources a unique database is developed, providing prerequisites for a comprehensive investigation into the effects of scale of operation, local market conditions, and supermarket conduct on various aspects of supermarket performance, all the way to bottom-line profitability performance.   The results show that profitability performance of supermarkets is a consequence of a complex network of relationships between various aspects of economic performance, scale of operation, local market conditions and supermarket conduct. The profit margin, i.e. the span between gross margin and operating costs%, turns out as the major determinant of profitability performance. The profit margin, in turn, is found related to productivity, which in turn is found related to the volume of sales. Scale of operation and local market conditions are found working themselves into profitability performance, via conduct and various aspects of economic performance. However, neither scale nor favorable local market conditions turns out as the determinant of high rather than low profitability performance. Among the most as well as among least profitable, there are small and large supermarkets, facing local markets of favorable as well as unfavorable conditions. Rather, the dividing line between the low vs. highly profitable lies in the interplay between market conditions and conduct. Results from analyses of internal and external characteristics of the least and most profitable show important dissimilarities referring to their interplay with local market conditions. As such, the study provides important implications for retailers, from a strategical, tactical, as well as operational perspective. / Diss. Stockholm : Handelshögskolan, 2009