Submitted by Johnny Rodrigues (johnnyrodrigues@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-09-26T17:25:20Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ELENICE LUCAS DI PACE - DISSERTAÇÃO PPGMet 1984..pdf: 20990017 bytes, checksum: 7586a61ab7be8faca2eedcd5efa92920 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-26T17:25:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ELENICE LUCAS DI PACE - DISSERTAÇÃO PPGMet 1984..pdf: 20990017 bytes, checksum: 7586a61ab7be8faca2eedcd5efa92920 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1984-12 / CNPq / Para visualizar o resumo desta dissertação recomendamos o download do arquivo uma vez que o mesmo possui símbolos e caracteres matemáticos que não foram possíveis ser transcrevidos neste espaço. / To view the abstract of this dissertation we recommend downloading the file as it has mathematical characters and symbols that could not be transcribed in this space.

Submitted by isabela.moljf@hotmail.com (isabela.moljf@hotmail.com) on 2017-03-02T14:35:50Z No. of bitstreams: 1 claudiorobertobarbosasimoesrodrigues.pdf: 2278203 bytes, checksum: ededd970b17fc08adbb3d55174389663 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-03-06T19:43:31Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 claudiorobertobarbosasimoesrodrigues.pdf: 2278203 bytes, checksum: ededd970b17fc08adbb3d55174389663 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-06T19:43:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 claudiorobertobarbosasimoesrodrigues.pdf: 2278203 bytes, checksum: ededd970b17fc08adbb3d55174389663 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-04-16 / FAPEMIG - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais / Este trabalho apresenta a proposta de um reator eletrônico ressonante dedicado à realização de testes de funcionalidade básica de lâmpadas de vapor de sódio e de vapor de mercúrio em alta pressão. Os testes são realizados com potência reduzida visando economizar energia elétrica e minimizar o ofuscamento dos operadores. O reator proposto é parte integrante de um sistema de reatores eletrônicos que deve substituir um conjunto de reatores eletromagnéticos utilizados em uma bancada de testes de componentes de iluminação pública. A utilização do conjunto de reatores substitutos propiciará a redução do peso e do volume da bancada, facilitando sua confecção em escala. O trabalho inclui um estudo teórico sobre lâmpadas de descarga de alta intensidade (HID) e sobre o fenômeno da ressonância acústica, que pode acometer estas lâmpadas quando são alimentadas em alta freqüência. O estudo sobre reatores eletrônicos para lâmpadas HID apresentado enfatiza o reator eletrônico série-paralelo ressonante. Este reator é utilizado neste trabalho para a realização dos testes com potência reduzida das lâmpadas de vapor de sódio em alta pressão de 70W e vapor de mercúrio em alta pressão de 125W sem a excitação do fenômeno da ressonância acústica e sem a necessidade de modificação de nenhum parâmetro do circuito. Para isto, foi desenvolvida uma metodologia para que o projeto do circuito ressonante série-paralelo pudesse atender ambas as lâmpadas em operação dimerizada. Apresentam-se ainda resultados experimentais dos testes realizados com o reator implementado. / This work presents a proposal of a resonant electronic ballast intended for the basic functionally testing of high pressure sodium and mercury lamps. The tests are performed with reduced power in order to save energy and to minimize operators’ glare effect. The proposed ballast is part of an electronic system that would replace a number of electromagnetic ballasts used in a lighting components bench test equipment. The use of this electronic system will provide the reduction of the weight and volume of the bench test equipment, favoring its commercial production. Theoretical studies about high intensity discharge lamps and acoustic resonance phenomenon, which can affect those kind of lamps in high frequency operation, are accomplished. The study of electronic ballasts for HID lamps presented emphasizes the series-parallel load resonant ballast. This ballast is used in this work for testing 70W high pressure sodium lamps and 125W high pressure mercury vapour lamps with reduced power, without exciting the acoustic resonance phenomenon and with no need of any circuit parameter modification. For this purpose, it was developed a design methodology of the series-parallel resonant circuit aiming dimmed operation of both lamps. Experimental results of tests performed with the implemented ballast are also included.

Orientador : Martin Aznar / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Quimica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-01T10:07:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Arce-Castillo_PedroFelipe_M.pdf: 13948249 bytes, checksum: 89b291cb7fd018bc32c50812717efa25 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2002 / Resumo: A modelagem e simulação de processos de extração supercrítica requer uma boa predição das condições do equilíbrio entre fases, condições que determinam a maior concentração do líquido ou sólido (soluto) a ser extraído pelo fluido supercrítico (solvente). O problema principal na modelagem dos sistemas que se encontram em processos de extração supercrítica é a grande diferença de tamanho (peso molecular) entre as substâncias envolvidas (soluto e fluido supercrítico) e a baixa concentração do soluto no fluido supercrítico. Atualmente, as regras de mistura em uso não consideram de forma adequada o problema da grande assimetria; portanto, não permitem uma boa predição do equilíbrio entre fases. É proposta uma regra de mistura (Regra Não Quadrática Generalizada) baseada nas regras de mistura clássicas de van der Waals, com modificações nos parâmetros de interação, tanto na constante de energia quanto na de volume. Um parâmetro de interação binário, dependente da concentração, é usado para estimar a constante de energia; outro parâmetro de interação binário, independente da concentração e com um efeito diferenciado sobre o componente mais pesado quando comparado ao fluido supercrítico, é usado para estimar a constante de volume. Este novo arranjo considera como casos particulares os modelos conhecidos de Panagiotopoulos-Reid e Adachi-Sugie, entre outros. A forma não quadrática generalizada proposta tem todas as boas características desses modelos, permitindo maior flexibilidade na correlação dos dados experimentais. Usou-se outra regra de mistura, Regra de Kurihara-Tochigi-Kojima, a qual está baseada na parte residual da energia livre excedente à pressão infinita, atuando diretamente sobre a constante de energia da equação de estado. Os resultados obtidos com as duas regras de misturas citadas anteriormente são comparados com os resultados obtidos da regra modificada de W ong-Sandler e da regra convencional de van der Waals. As regras de mistura descritas anteriormente, junto com as equações cúbicas de estado de Soave-Redlich-Kwong, Peng-Robinson e a equação cúbica de estado generalizada de Patel-Teja-Valderrama, são usadas para descrever o equilíbrio líquidovapor e sólido-vapor em misturas assimétricas binárias (CO2 supercritico + um componente pesado ou produto natural). Neste trabalho foram estimados os parâmetros de interação binários tanto para a modelagem do equilíbrio líquido-vapor dos sistemas binários: CO2 +limoneno, linaloo_ ac. láurico, ac. palmítico, ac. oléico, ac. linoleico, 2-metil-pentanol, 1octanol, l-decanol e a.-pineno, quanto para a modelagem do equilíbrio sólido-vapor dos sistemas binários: CO2 + naftaleno, 2,3-dimetilnaftaleno, 2,6-dimetilnaftaleno, fenantreno,antraceno, p-colesterol, cafeína, p-caroteno e capsaicina. A predição dos parâmetros de interação binários realiza-se usando um método modificado de Marquardt com uma função objetivo que contém a pressão de saturação e a concentração na fase gás para o equilíbrio líquido-vapor e apenas a concentração na fase gás para o equilíbrio sólido-vapor. As sub-rotinas computacionais foram escritas considerando a possibilidade de múltiplas soluções e conseqüentemente, a busca dos parâmetros ótimos realiza-se sob um amplio intervalo de soluções possíveis. Os resultados (desvios na pressão e na fração molar na fase vapor para o ELV e apenas os desvios na fração molar na fase vapor para o ESV) indicam que as regras de mistura NQG e WS modificada permitem predizer melhor o comportamento dos sistemas binários estudados. A influencia das EDEs para uma mesma regra de mistura não é apreciável / Abstract: Modeling and simulation of supercritical extraction processes request a good prediction of conditions of phase equilibrium, conditions that determine the higher concentration of liquid or solid (solute) to be extracted by supercritical fluid (solvent). The main problem in modeling of systems found in supercritica1 extraction processes is the great size difference (molecular weights) between involved substances (solute and supercritical fluid) and low concentration of solute in supercritical fluid. Now, mixing roles in use don't consider of appropriate way the problem of great asymmetry, therefore don't alIow a good prediction of phase equilibrium. A mixing role is proposed (Generalized Non Quadratic Rule), which is based on c1assic mixing rules of van der Waals, with modifications in the interaction parameters, as much in energy constant as in volume constant. A binary interaction parameter, dependent of concentration, is used to estimate energy constant; another binary interaction parameter, independent of concentration and with a differentiated effect on heavier component when compared with supercritical fluid, is used to estimate volume constant. This new arrangement considers as private cases well-known models of Panagiotopoulos-Reid and Adachi-Sugie among others. This generalized non quadratic form has all good characteristics of those models, allowing larger flexibility in correlating experimental data. Other mixing rule was used, Kurihara-Tochigi-Kojima Rule (based on the residual part of the excess free energy to infinite pressure), acting direct1y on energy constant of the state equation. Results obtained with the two mixing roles previously mentioned are compared with obtained results of modified role of Wong-Sandler and conventional role of van der Waals. The mixing roles described previously, joined with the Soave-Redlieh-Kwong and Peng-Robinson's cubic equations of state and the Patel-Teja-Valderrama generalized cubic equation of state, are used to describe liquid-vapor and solid-vapor equilibrium in asymmetrie binary mixtures (supercritical CO2 + heavy component or natural product). In this work were estimated the binary interaction parameters as much for the modeling of liquid-vapor equilibrium of binary systems: COz + limonene, linalool, lauric acid, palmitic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, 2-methyl-pentanol, l-octanol, l-decanol and a-pinene, as for modeling of solid-vapor equilibrium of the binary systems: CO2 + naphtalene, 2,3dimethylnaphtalene, 2,6-dimethylnaphtalene, phenanthrene, anthracene, B-eholesterol, caffeine, B-carotene and capsaicin. A Marquardt modified method with a objective function (saturation pressure and vapor phase concentration for liquid-vapor equilibrium and on1y vapor phase concentration for solid-vapor equilibrium) was used to predict binary interaction parameters. The computational subroutines were written considering the possibility of multiple solutions and consequently, the search of the optimum parameters was done on a large interval of possible solutions. Results (deviations in pressure and molar fraction in vapor phase for ELV and on1y deviations in fraction molar in phase vapor for ESV) indicate that mixture roles: NQG and modified WS allow to predict better the behavior of studied binary systems. The influence of EDEs for a same mixture role is not appreciable / Mestrado / Desenvolvimento de Processos Químicos / Mestre em Engenharia Química

No description available.

Metallic bronze-Co-Ag alloys ranging from1-90 µm have been discovered in bomb and lava vesicles from the mafic volcanoes of Kilauea in Hawaii and Vesuvius, Stromboli and Etna in Italy. It is inferred that the metals for these alloys were transported (in part) as chloride complexes, and that the metal ratios in the alloys may be a function of S/Cl. Alloy compositions in each system are extremely heterogeneous with Co concentrations from 1% to 94%, Cu from 2% to 89%, Sn from 1% to 22% and Ag from 0.5% to 42%. Maximum abundances (in wt%) of other trace or minor elements are, Fe (3.0), Zn (0.11), As (0.50), Pd (0.05), Pt (0.05), Au (0.05), Hg (0.10) and Pb (.13) Spot analyses and element maps of alloy grains reveal that three major exsolved components exist. They are bronze, Co, and Ag. Kilauean alloys are dominantly Cu-Sn (bronze) with little Co and Ag while a systematic decrease in the bronze component and an increase in Co occurs in grains from Stromboli to Etna to Vesuvius. Element maps show a covariance of Cu and Sn while Co and Ag concentrations vary independently. Element maps of the alloys also reveal that chlorides are occasionally present in the same vesicles as the alloys. Sulphur content of the metal alloys rarely exceed about 0.4 wt%. Electron back-scatter diffraction (EBSD) was employed for lattice characterization of the exsolved phases and shows a FCC structure for the Cu-Sn section of the alloys. Cu-Sn alloys high in Sn are successfully indexed using the Cu6Sn5 pattern (hexagonal), even though the Sn:Cu ratio of our alloys is considerably lower than 5:6. Cu-Sn alloys containing significant subequal amounts of Co and Fe (≈5 wt% each) indexes as body-centered cubic (BCC). The presence of alloys suggests metal transport as complexes in a vapor phase before being reduced to native metals. Our current model for the origin of the alloys suggests that the metals are transported to vesicles as chlorides and then deposited as sulfides and/or native metals. Oxidation and removal of most of the S then occurs. This data suggests that in some circumstances Cu-Sn-Co and Ag are readily partitioned into escaping magmatic volatiles during quenching of mafic magma. Further examination into vesicle-hosted alloys may confirm that the ratio of Cu, Ag, Au, Zn, and Pb in vesicles reflects the ratio of available metals present in the magma and in subsequent ore deposits.

LD2668 .T4 1962 P36

Recently, refractory materials have been proposed as a strong alternative to poly-silicon and aluminum alloys as metallization systems for Very Large Scale Integrated (VLSI) circuits because of their improved performance at smaller Integrated Circuit (IC) feature size and higher interconnect current densities. However, processing and reliability problems associated with the use of refractory materials have limited their widespread acceptance. The hot-wall low pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD) of Molybdenum and Tungsten from their respective hexacarbonyl sources has been studied as a potential remedy to such problems, in addition to providing the potential for higher throughput and better step coverage. Using deposition chemistries based on carbonyl sources, Mo and W deposits have been characterized with respect to their electrical, mechanical, structural, and chemical properties as well as their compatibility with conventional IC processing. Excellent film step coverage and uniformity were obtained by low temperature (300-350 C) deposition at pressures of 400-600 mTorr. As-deposited films were observed to be amorphous, with a resistivity of 250 and 350 microohm-cm for Mo and W respectively. On annealing at high temperatures in a reducing or inert atmosphere, the films crystallize with attendant reduction in resistivity to 9.3 and 12 microohm-cm for Mo and W, respectively. The average grain size also increases as a function of time and temperature to a maximum of 2500-3000 A. The metals and their silicides that are deposited, using silane as silicon source, are integratable to form desired metal-silicide gate contact structures. Thus, use of the low resistivity of the elemental metal coupled with the oxidation resistance of its silicide manifests the quality and economy of the process. MOS capacitors with Mo and W as the gate material have been fabricated on n-type (100) silicon. A work function of 4.7 +/- 0.1 eV was measured by means of MOS capacitance-voltage techniques. The experimental results further indicate that the characteristics of W-gate MOS devices related to the charges in SiO₂ are comparable to those of poly-silicon; while, the resistivity is about two orders of magnitude lower than poly-silicon. It is therefore concluded that hot-wall low pressure chemical vapor deposition of Mo and W from their respective carbonyl sources is a viable technique for the deposition of reliable, high performance refractory metal/silicide contact and interconnect structures on very large scale integrated circuits.

International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 22-25, 2001 / Riviera Hotel and Convention Center, Las Vegas, Nevada / This student paper was produced as part of the team design competition in the University of Arizona course ECE 485, Radiowaves and Telemetry. It describes a telemetering system design recommendation for a small satellite capable of conducting scientific research regarding atmospheric water content. This paper focuses on the subsystems required to send the scientific data and monitored operational conditions from the satellite to, and commands to the satellite from, a ground station. A companion paper (Hittle, et. al.) focuses on the cross-link subsystem required to make the scientific measurements and on the power generation and distribution subsystem for the satellite.

International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 22-25, 2001 / Riviera Hotel and Convention Center, Las Vegas, Nevada / This student paper was produced as part of the team design competition in the University of Arizona course ECE 485, Radiowaves and Telemetry. It describes a telemetering system design recommendation for a small satellite capable of conducting scientific research regarding atmospheric water content. This paper focuses on the cross-link subsystem required to make the scientific measurements and on the power generation and distribution subsystem for the satellite. A companion paper (Cramer, et. al.) focuses on the subsystems required to send the scientific data and monitored operational conditions from the satellite to, and commands to the satellite from, a ground station. The central objective is to validate a new technique for precisely measuring water vapor profiles of clouds throughout the troposphere. This method involves the detection of 4 SHF tones sent out from the International Space Station (ISS), providing high-resolution amplitude and phase delay data.

As device dimensions in integrated circuits scale down, there is an increasing need to deposit ultra-thin, smooth, continuous films for use in applications such as the liner in back end processing. The liner must have good adhesion to both Cu and the dielectric, act as a Cu diffusion barrier, and be conductive enough to allow the electroplating of Cu. Ruthenium (Ru) has been considered as a possible material to be implemented into the liner due to its low electrical resistivity, high thermal and chemical stability, and negligible solubility with copper. Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is an attractive growth technique for Ru films because it allows conformal deposition in high-aspect ratio features. However, there are some limitations that must be overcome in the deposition of Ru films. CVD Ru films suffer from poor nucleation on oxide and nitride substrates. Poor nucleation leads to rough, large-grained polycrystalline columnar films, which may not coalesce into a continuous film until the thickness greatly exceeds the requirements for the liner. This dissertation presents surface chemistry and film growth studies involving Ru CVD and focuses on improving the nucleation and properties of Ru films. In situ surface analysis techniques including X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and temperature programmed desorption (TPD) were used to study the fundamental adsorption behavior of the Ru precursor, (2,4- dimethylpentadienyl)(ethylcyclopentadienyl)Ru or DER, on polycrystalline Ta, both with and without iodine adsorbed on the Ta. Based upon these results, CVD films were grown using DER/O₂, and it was shown that nucleation and film properties can be improved by the addition of methyl iodide. Ru films grown using DER/O₂ show sparse nucleation, which leads to very rough surface topography and large polycrystalline columnar grains. The addition of methyl iodide during growth significantly improves nucleation and results in smoother, smaller-grained films. Iodine adsorbs on the initially-formed Ru islands and continuously segregates through the film to the surface during the entire deposition. In addition, CVD films grown with Ru₃(CO)₁₂ were studied. Use of the Ru₃(CO)₁₂ precursor results in thin, ultra-smooth films that show little to no columnar grain structure. / text