The primary purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between eating disorders and athletes using a meta- analysis of related previous research. This analysis included inquiries into the effects of the type of measure used and the type of sport in past research. A total of nine studies were included in the meta- analysis. Contrary to prediction, no effect was found for eating disorders among athletes . The type of measure used also had no significant effect, contrary to prediction. Consistent with hypothesis, an effect was found for type of sport with runners and mixed sports having no effect, while for gymnasts a trend toward an effect was found. These results were interpreted in relation to previously conducted research in the area. Various problems existing in the current study, as well as in past studies were discussed, and suggestions for future research in the area were offered.

No description available.

Background: Binge-eating disorder (BED) as a distinct eating disorder category and night eating syndrome (NES) as a form of Other Specified Feeding or Eating Disorders were recently included in the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). Objectives: This study sought to investigate the prevalence of BED and NES and associations with various forms of non-normative eating behavior and psychopathology in prebariatric patients. Setting: Within a consecutive multicenter registry study, patients in six bariatric surgery centers in Germany were recruited. Methods: Overall, 233 prebariatric patients were assessed using the Eating Disorder Examination and self-report questionnaires. Assessment was unrelated to clinical procedures. Results: Diagnostic criteria for full-syndrome BED and NES were currently met by 4.3% and 8.2% of prebariatric patients, respectively. In addition, 8.6% and 6.9% of patients met subsyndromal BED and NES criteria, respectively. Comorbid BED and NES diagnoses were present in 3.9% of patients. In comparison to patients without any eating disorder symptoms, patients with BED and NES reported greater emotional eating, eating in the absence of hunger, and more symptoms of food addiction. Moreover, differences between patients with BED and NES emerged with more objective binge eating episodes and higher levels of eating concern, weight concern, and global eating disorder psychopathology in patients with BED. Conclusions: BED and NES were shown to be prevalent among prebariatric patients, with some degree of overlap between diagnoses. Associations with non-normative eating behavior and psychopathology point to their clinical significance and discriminant validity.

Background: Binge-eating disorder (BED) as a distinct eating disorder category and night eating syndrome (NES) as a form of Other Specified Feeding or Eating Disorders were recently included in the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). Objectives: This study sought to investigate the prevalence of BED and NES and associations with various forms of non-normative eating behavior and psychopathology in prebariatric patients. Setting: Within a consecutive multicenter registry study, patients in six bariatric surgery centers in Germany were recruited. Methods: Overall, 233 prebariatric patients were assessed using the Eating Disorder Examination and self-report questionnaires. Assessment was unrelated to clinical procedures. Results: Diagnostic criteria for full-syndrome BED and NES were currently met by 4.3% and 8.2% of prebariatric patients, respectively. In addition, 8.6% and 6.9% of patients met subsyndromal BED and NES criteria, respectively. Comorbid BED and NES diagnoses were present in 3.9% of patients. In comparison to patients without any eating disorder symptoms, patients with BED and NES reported greater emotional eating, eating in the absence of hunger, and more symptoms of food addiction. Moreover, differences between patients with BED and NES emerged with more objective binge eating episodes and higher levels of eating concern, weight concern, and global eating disorder psychopathology in patients with BED. Conclusions: BED and NES were shown to be prevalent among prebariatric patients, with some degree of overlap between diagnoses. Associations with non-normative eating behavior and psychopathology point to their clinical significance and discriminant validity.

published_or_final_version / Clinical Psychology / Master / Master of Social Sciences

This study extended earlier research supporting discrepancy theory by including a multidimensional conceptualization of gender including attitudes, behaviors, and characteristics. Analyses revealed that gender discrepancy when assessed multidimensionally or unidimensionally (as in past research) was not significantly related to eating disordered symptomatology.

Thesis advisor: Barbara E. Wolfe / The core defining features of bulimia nervosa (BN) are repeated binge eating episodes and compensatory purging behavior. The biobehavioral aspects of binge eating are complex and not fully understood. One area of recent interest is the role of the satiety-signaling peptide cholecystokinin (CCK). Previous research observed a blunted postprandial plasma CCK response in those with BN, therefore suggesting this may be a cause, consequence, or maintenance factor in binge eating. It is unknown whether this altered response is due to a state versus trait phenomenon, thus having implications in the development of clinical treatment strategies. To examine the nature of this altered response, this study assessed whether CCK normalizes following remission from BN (RBN). This biobehavioral study utilized a comparative design to prospectively evaluate the biological CCK response and the corresponding behavioral ratings of satiety and other eating-related sensations in individuals with BN (n=10), RBN (n =14), and healthy controls (CON, n=13). CCK and behavioral ratings were assessed at baseline, +15, +30, and +60 minutes following the ingestion of a standardized liquid test meal. The BN group's CCK response was blunted and approached significance (p =.052) when compared to the RBN and CON groups. As predicted the RBN and CON groups' CCK response did not significantly differ. This finding supports the premise that CCK may normalize following abstinence from binge and purge (vomit) episodes and that this is a state versus trait related phenomenon. A significant positive relationship between CCK response and ratings of satiety occurred in the RBN group only (r=.59, p<.05). A new and unanticipated finding in the BN group was a significant relationship (r=.86, p < .01, two-tailed) between their CCK response and urge to vomit. A greater urge to vomit was reported by those individuals who had increased CCK response. Therefore, it is unknown whether the normalization of CCK functioning is a protective or liability factor in the stabilization and recovery process. Replication studies utilizing a larger sample size are needed to understand the role of CCK in recovery and the subsequent development of novel treatment strategies for those suffering with BN. / Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2012. / Submitted to: Boston College. Connell School of Nursing. / Discipline: Nursing.

This thesis has been prepared in a paper based format and comprises of three stand-alone papers. Paper 1, a systematic review; Paper 2, an empirical study; and Paper 3, a critical appraisal and reflection of the work. Paper 1 has been prepared for submission to Appetite. The paper presents a systematic literature review of studies measuring or reporting potential psychological mechanisms within Night Eating Syndrome (NES). Databases were systematically searched and 20 studies were included in the review. The quality of evidence was mixed and NES was identified and diagnosed in a variety of ways. Studies utilised a variety of different instruments to identify thirteen psychological mechanisms. Syntheses of the studies suggest that there are distinct overlapping features within these mechanisms and five overarching themes were identified to accommodate these overlapping features. Suggestions are made relating to the potential function of the identified psychological mechanisms within NES.Paper 2 has been prepared for submission to Appetite. The paper is a qualitative study exploring the relationship between NES and the experience of emotion specifically from the perspective of patients identified as obese. Ten participants were interviewed and a constructivist grounded theory approach was used to analyse transcripts. A key category to emerge from the analysis was termed 'Emotional Hunger'; reflecting an urge or need to satiate a set of underlying unmet emotional needs. 'Emotional hunger' was underpinned by the following six interrelated themes: (1) The development of a relationship with food; (2) Loss; (3) The significance of night time; (4) A separation of the body and mind; (5) Why I eat, not what I eat; and (6) Consequences of night eating. The clinical implications of the findings are discussed with reference to existing literature. Paper 3 is not intended for publication. The paper provides a critical review of the research process, in which the strengths and weaknesses of the systematic review and empirical study are discussed. Personal and professional reflections on the experience of conducting a systematic review and an empirical study are explored. The clinical implications of the research are also discussed.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:31:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-12-02Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:20:02Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 magalhaes_p_dr_arafcf.pdf: 668780 bytes, checksum: 99778a7ebc1db6f74e837e7ec77b098c (MD5) / Fmrp-Usp / O comportamento alimentar e a imagem corporal de estudantes de nutrição tem sido objeto de crescente interesse e pesquisa, dada a ocorrência de transtornos alimentares e prática de alimentação restritiva, nessa população. Independentemente de tais distúrbios, esses estudantes, como quaisquer outros indivíduos, possuem um repertório de cognições, atitudes e habilidades que pode ou não ser coerente com a competência necessária para a atuação profissional. As grades curriculares dos cursos de graduação em nutrição tem predomínio de disciplinas da área biológica, sendo a abordagem psicossocial do comportamento alimentar pouco desenvolvida. O presente estudo propôs-se a caracterizar o comportamento alimentar, o estado nutricional e a imagem corporal de estudantes de Nutrição quando de seu ingresso e ao final do último ano da graduação, discutindo-o à luz da abordagem psicossocial. A população foi formada por 167 estudantes do sexo feminino, ingressantes (n=64) e concluintes (n=103), de três instituições de ensino do interior do Estado de São Paulo, com média de idade de 21,6 anos (ingressantes) e de 24,5 anos (concluintes). A metodologia adotada foi a quantiqualitativa, mediante levantamento de dados antropométricos e recordatório alimentar de 24 horas, identificação do estilo alimentar (pelo Questionário Holandês do Comportamento Alimentar), das atitudes relativas à imagem corporal (Escala de Silhuetas) e realização de grupos focais, para questionamento das atitudes, percepções e sentimentos relativos à alimentação e imagem corporal, ao início e quando da conclusão do curso. Os resultados mostram 10,9% de excesso de peso entre as ingressantes... / Eating behavior and body image of nutrition students has been the subject of increasing interest and research, given the occurrence of eating disorders and restrictive feeding in this population. Regardless of such disorders, these students, like any other individual, have a repertoire of cognitions, attitudes and skills that may or may not be consistent with the skills necessary for professional practice. The curriculum of undergraduate nutrition courses has a predominance of disciplines of biological and psychosocial approach of eating behavior is poorly developed. This study aimed to characterize the eating behavior, nutritional status and body image of nutrition students at the beginning and in the last year of undergraduate course, according to the psychosocial approach. Participants for this study were 167 female students (64 freshmen and 103 graduates) from three institutions of Sao Paulo State, aged between 21.6 (freshmen) and 24.5 (graduates). The methodology was quantiqualitative by anthropometric profile, the 24 h recall, eating style identification (Dutch Eating Behaviour Questionnaire), attitudes toward body image (Silhouette scale) and focal groups to investigate the attitudes, perceptions and feelings related to eating. The results showed 10.9% of overweight among... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Over 25 million people in the United States are affected by eating disorders, and understanding children's eating style can help determine maladaptive eating behaviors. This study was an investigation of parents' beliefs about their children's eating behaviors in relation to parental work status. Two theoretical frameworks were used to guide the study. Symbolic interactionism focused on communication between parents and children. Social learning theory focused on adolescents possibly learning their eating behaviors from observing their parents' eating habits. The research questions and hypotheses examined if there was a relationship between the work status of parents and their beliefs about maladaptive eating behaviors in their adolescents. This study used the parent-report measure, Children's Eating Behaviour Questionnaire (CEBQ). A nonexperimental causal-comparative quantitative research method was used. The participants included parents who have children between the ages of 6 and 12, and the sample size for this study was 126. A link between parental beliefs and early precursors of disordered eating in adolescents was not established. If patterns of a relationship between parents' work status and beliefs about children's maladaptive eating behaviors had been found, the patterns may have provided the possibility of serving as a factor of early intervention programs. The social change aspect obtained from this study may be that parents can work outside the home or not, and there may be other variables (such as family time, closeness, communication, stress) that may provide more information on how parents perceive children's eating behaviors.