O principal objetivo desta dissertação é a aplicação do modelo de etapas do desenvolvimento econômico de Walt Whitman Rostow ao Brasil, identificando o arranco brasileiro como fim dos surtos industrias e início da industrialização regular entre 1929 e 1954. Além disso a teoria de Rostow serviu de contraponto às duas principais teorias de desenvolvimento econômico brasileiras existentes até meados da década de 1950, os liberais e os desenvolvimentistas. As discussões e os pontos divergentes entre essas teorias contribuíram para o entendimento do processo de industrialização brasileiro, sua produtividade, concentração e contribuição ao desenvolvimento econômico. A identificação das etapas se realizou de modo a comprovar, principalmente, as teses de Rostow em relação ao arranco brasileiro e os mecanismos para sua propagação, que deveriam desembocar nas fases subseqüentes da teoria e, em conseqüência, ao desenvolvimento econômico mais igualitário e ao Estado de Bem-Estar. / The main objective of this dissertation is the application of the model of stages of the economical growth of Walt Whitman Rostow to Brazil, identifying the Brazilian takeoff as end of the industrials outbreaks and beginning of the regular industrialization between 1929 and 1954. Besides the Rostow theory served from counterpoint to the two main theories of economical growth existent Brazilians to middles of the decade of 1950, the liberal school and the development school. The discussions and the divergent points among those theories contributed to the understanding of the Brazilian industrialization process, his productivity, concentration and contribution to the economical growth. The identification of the stages took place from way to prove, mainly, the theories of Rostow in relation to the Brazilian take-off and the mechanisms for his propagation, that they should end in the subsequent phases of the theory and, in consequence, to the more equalitarian economical growth and the Welfare State.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The utilization of biodiesel has shown a promising potential in the whole world. Firstly, for it s enormous contribution to the environment, due the qualitative and quantitative reduction s levels of environmental pollution, and, secondly, as a strategic source of renewable energy to replace diesel and other oil derivatives. In this context the used frying oil takes place, as a raw material that can be processed into a high quality biodiesel, and that once was being wasted and dumped in the environment in a erroneous way. This dissertation presents a feasibility study of producing biodiesel obtained through the used frying oil in the city of Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Some topics was analyzed for an effective scheme for the collection and production of biodiesel. The downtown of the city was chosen for the study, being the most populous and the neighborhood and for having more establishments using the fried oil in its processes, that way, making the results more reliable. Questionnaires were applied to the establishments and to the local population concerning the actions on the final destination of this waste, as well as environmental perceptions and knowledge about the theme, and also to determine the volume of used oil that would be ready for collection and processing into biodiesel. After that, was developed an economical viability of the project, from the perspective of the a public institution of education s perspective, the Federal University of Santa Maria, and this way, the project can reach benefits besides the environmental, social and financial ones, it can promotes an academic integration with the project, being a source of learning and development. Results demonstrated to be highly economical favourable to the implementation of the proposed scheme, however, to optimize the donation and collection system of the used oil, finally, were proposed some ideas and actions for the project s efficiency from the beginning of its chain. / A utilização do biodiesel tem apresentado um potencial promissor no mundo inteiro. Em primeiro lugar, pela sua enorme contribuição ao meio ambiente, com a redução qualitativa e quantitativa dos níveis de poluição ambiental, e, em segundo lugar, como fonte estratégica de energia renovável em substituição ao óleo diesel e outros derivados do petróleo. Neste contexto surge o óleo de fritura usado (OFU), como mais uma matéria-prima que pode ser transformada em biodiesel de alta qualidade, e que outrora estaria sendo desperdiçado e despejado no meio ambiente de forma incorreta. Esta dissertação apresenta um estudo de viabilidade de produção de biodiesel obtido através do óleo de fritura na cidade de Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul. Foram analisados alguns tópicos para que um efetivo esquema de coleta e produção do biodiesel fosse viabilizado. Selecionou-se o bairro Centro para este estudo, sendo este o mais populoso e o que mais apresenta estabelecimentos que utilizam o óleo de fritura em seus processos, tornando o resultado mais confiável. Questionários foram aplicados aos empresários e à população para que se verificassem as ações relativas à destinação deste resíduo, assim como a percepção ambiental acerca do tema proposto, e ainda para se determinar o volume de óleo que estaria pronto para coleta e transformação em biodiesel. A seguir, foi analisada a viabilidade econômica do projeto, sob a ótica da participação de uma instituição pública de ensino, a Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, sendo que desta forma, o projeto além de visar benefícios ambientais, sociais e financeiros, pode promover uma integração de acadêmicos com o projeto, servindo como fonte de aprendizado e desenvolvimento. Resultados econômicos demonstraram ser altamente favoráveis para a concretização do esquema proposto, no entanto, para que se otimize o sistema de doação e coleta do óleo usado, finalmente, foram propostas algumas idéias e ações para que o projeto seja eficiente desde o começo de sua cadeia.

This work discusses the detection of latent variables, which create indices of economic freedom. Firstly, we present the most well-known indices of economic freedom (IEF, EFW). Secondly, this work discusses multivariate statistical method - factor analysis, which we use to detect latent variables. We show different methods of estimates in factor analysis and we focus on principal factor method. Furthermore, we compare already defined methods by analysing the structure of EFW index. According to estimated models, we interpret detected latent variables. We use statistical software SPSS and R for factor analysis of EFW index.

The impact of the recent global financial crisis on the global economy has highlighted the level of integration of economies and the potential spillover effects as a result thereof. The implications are that the negative effects of the crisis can quickly spread to other economies through numerous transmission mechanisms. The response of developing or emerging economies to these unpredictable exogenous shocks becomes a topical issue. The concepts of economic vulnerability to and resilience against adverse exogenous shocks for emerging economies have since taken centre stage in many economic forums. Policy makers for emerging economies have come to the realisation that the increased economic vulnerability and a lack of economic resilience in their economies can erode the hard-fought-for gains in economic growth over the past decade and potentially harm their prospects as attractive destinations for foreign direct investment (FDI). This research analysed the resilience and vulnerability of emerging economies against adverse shocks using the sub-Saharan African (SSA) region as a case. The research used previous literature on emerging economies’ vulnerability and resilience to formulate four hypotheses around the major overarching themes of vulnerability and resilience. Two hypotheses looked at two functions of vulnerability, i.e. trade openness and financial integration, and two functions of resilience, i.e. international reserves accumulation and economic concentration. The findings of this research study were that SSA economies were vulnerable and not resilient against adverse exogenous shocks, and that few economies in the SSA region were prepared to successfully manoeuvre in an economic crisis. The structure of these economies inherently rendered these economies vulnerable. However, these economic structures also allowed the SSA region to achieve the high economic growth experienced during the past decade. The output of the methodology utilised in this research study resulted in a model that can be used to reduce the likelihood of an SSA economy being severely affected by an adverse economic shock. / Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2013. / ccgibs2014 / Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS) / MBA / Unrestricted

Recent Solvency and Assessment Management (SAM) Regulations that are being proposed are the bone of contention in the Insurance Industry. Industry leaders argue that the financial regulations in South Africa are being imposed on companies too rapidly, despite South Africa’s financial regulations being one of the best in the world. However, South Africa’s Insurance market growth has reduced substantially and has reached a point of saturation. Insurers are analysing the international marketplace for growth opportunities in their business. Huge opportunities in Africa and in other emerging economies of the world have lured the Insurance companies to expand their operations beyond South Africa, at the expense of their operations in developed economies. These expansions, especially in unstable emerging economies come at a huge cost and carries inherent risks in moving to these territories. Qualitative exploratory research techniques were used to understand the link between the regulations and expansion plans to ascertain what the former has effect on the latter. Sixteen senior managers from the industry were interviewed, their responses analysed and results aggregated in this report. The results expressed that the effect of SAM on insurance companies is varied. Some companies endure the burden in terms of huge costs of implementation and operation and restrict their expansion plans; while large insurance companies with huge balance sheets see no impact on their plans. The research further includes the effect on insurance companies of other regulations such as nationalisation, sovereign rating downgrades and perceived skills gap in the market and proposed a model around these regulations. / Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2013. / pagibs2014 / Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS) / MBA / Unrestricted

This master thesis compares management accounting (MA) in China and Germany. It starts by analyzing the conceptual development over time. Afterwards, it categorizes the spread of the methods and explains conceptual differences in more detail. Subsequently, macroeconomic factors that have influenced the development of MA are described, evaluated, and future implications for the further development of MA are derived. For this purpose a traditional literature review is used. The MA practice in Germany is further disseminated than in China. Moreover, German management accountants are characterized as business partners while Chinese management accountants are perceived as analysts and inspectors. Other conceptual differences in terms of MA are the data source, the overall orientation, country-specific techniques, and the organizational structure. Most of the differences between German and Chinese MA can be allocated to political, economic, foreign, educational, academic, and cultural influences. The future implications for the further development depend on each factor individually.

The thesis is focused on the central controlled economy in Czechoslovakia in the period from 1945 until 1957. The main role of economy at that time was the fastest possible rehabilitation of the economy destroyed by World War II.. The political situation was undoubtedly setting the trend in the economical development. Postwar decision in the matter of the future optimal economic mechanism was a political choice and the political influence was a significant feature of the central directive economy during its existence. The thesis is focused on the main aspects and conditions of the economical transformation, on the general attributes of the central controlled economy, organizational structure of the national economy, scheduling of production and consumption, formation of prices and wages, on the changes in the banking system and the public finances in Czechoslovakia during the mentioned period.

Diploma thesis is dealing with the relation of financial and economical crises 2008/2009 and human resources. The first part is focused on the causes of crises that we can find in human resource management and employees. Second part describes changes on the Czech labour market, and give a recomendations how the HR department can dealt with it. It also includes the steps that can prevent the future crises.

The Work deal with all the aspects related with economic efficiency in Transport business. Main attention lay on the assesment of price and revenue and calculation of costs, because these are the main factors influencicng the efficiency.

La dermatose nodulaire contagieuse (DNC) est une des maladies virales les plus importantes économiquement chez les bovins en Ethiopie. Elle est causée par le virus LSD (Lympy skin disease virus) appartenant au groupe des Capripoxvirus. L'objectif de cette thèse est de mieux comprendre l'épidémiologie de cette maladie afin de proposer des méthodes de contrôle et de prévention efficaces et applicables sur le terrain. Cette thèse est construite en cinq chapitres. Le premier chapitre fait une description générale du système de production agricole en Ethiopie et présente nos connaissances actuelles sur ce virus et cette maladie. Le second chapitre est consacré à l'évaluation d'un test d'immunofluorescence indirecte (IFI) pour le diagnostic sérologique à l'aide de méthodes sans gold standard. Le test de séroneutralisation virale a été utilisé comme second test de comparaison. L'analyse à l'aide d'un modèle bayesien a montré que l'IFI présentait une bonne sensibilité (92%) et une bonne spécificité (88%) ce qui suggère que ce test peut être utilisé pour le diagnostic et le dépistage de masse de la Dermatose Nodulaire Contagieuse avec une relativement faible proportion d'erreurs. La possibilité de tester un grand nombre de sérums en IFI est un autre avantage de cette technique pour conduire des études épidémiologiques de grande envergure. La sensibilité et la spécificité de la séroneutralisation virale (SNV) étaient respectivement de 78% et de 97%. En conséquence, le test IFI sera préféré pour un dépistage de masse en raison de sa meilleure sensibilité tandis que le test SNV sera réservé à la confirmation. Une étude épidémiologique transversale a été menée pour estimer la prévalence de la Dermatose Nodulaire Contagieuse Bovine à l'échelle du troupeau et de l'individu et pour définir les facteurs de risque associés à cette maladie dans le contexte particulier de l'Ethiopie. C'est l'objet de la troisième partie de cette thèse. Un total de 330 questionnaires d'enquêtes a été collecté de 44 associations paysannes situées dans 15 districts. La prévalence moyenne de la DNC à l'échelle du troupeau était de 42,8% (IC à 95% : 37,5 – 48,3). Elle était significativement plus élevée dans les zones d'altitude moyenne 55,2% (IC à 95% : 47,5 – 62,6) que dans les zones de basse altitude (22,3%) ou les zones de haute altitude (43,5%). La prévalence de la DNC et la mortalité due à cette maladie, observées à l'échelle de l'animal, étaient de 8,1% et de 2,12% respectivement. A nouveau, elles étaient plus élevées dans les zones d'altitude moyenne (10,4% et 3,2% respectivement) que dans les zones de basse et haute altitude (P < 0,05). L'analyse de facteurs de risque a montré que trois variables étaient significativement associées avec la prévalence de la DNC : l'effet de la zone agroclimatique, la conduite de troupeaux différents sur les mêmes pâtures et les mêmes lieux d'abreuvement et l'introduction de nouveaux animaux. L'incidence maximale de la DNC était concomitante de l'augmentation des populations d'insectes hématophages : cette association dans le temps était significative (coefficient de Spearman de 0,88 ; 0,79 et 0,79 respectivement pour les zones de haute, moyenne et basse altitude). L'évaluation de la faisabilité financière et des bénéfices espérés de la vaccination ont constitué la quatrième partie de la thèse. / Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is one of economically important viral diseases of cattle in Ethiopia caused by Lumpy skin disease virus in the member of the genus Capripox viruses. The objective of this thesis is to better understand the epidemiological features of the disease in order to propose practical and applicable control and prevention options. The thesis is classified in five chapters. The first chapter describes the general agricultural production system in Ethiopia and relates the current knowledge on the virus and the disease as given by the literature.The second chapter deals with the performance of indirect fluorescence antibody test (IFAT) as a serological diagnostic and screening tool that was evaluated using methods without gold standard. Virus neutralization test (VNT) was used as the second test for comparison. The analysis of conditional dependent Bayesian model showed that the IFAT had good accuracy both in sensitivity (92%) and specificity (88%) parameters indicating that it could be used for LSD diagnosis and screening (epidemiological studies, epidemiosurveillance) with less misclassification. Its capacity to run large number of samples per plate just like ELISA could be also taken as an advantage for large epidemiological studies. The sensitivity and specificity of VNT was 78%, 97% respectively. The two tests IFAT and VNT were found conditionally independent on the disease status of the animal. Thus, higher sensitivity and throughput for IFAT would render the test being selected for screening purposes and higher specificity performance of VNT would qualify it to be used as a confirmation test. A cross sectional study was then conducted to estimate the prevalence of LSD at herd and animal-levels and to analyze the risk factors associated with the disease occurrence in Ethiopia. It is presented in the third chapter. A total of 330 questionnaire surveys were collected from 44 peasant associations (PA) distributed in 15 districts. The average herd level LSD prevalence was 42.8% (95% CI: 37.5–48.3) and it was significantly higher in the midland agro-climate 55.2% (95% CI: 47.5–62.6) than in lowland and highland agro-climate zones (22.3% and 43.5%, respectively). The observed LSD prevalence and mortality at animal level were 8.1% and 2.12% respectively which were still higher in the midland zone (10.4% and 3.2%, respectively) than in lowland and highland zones (P< 0.05). The risk factor analysis showed that three variables: the effect of agro-climates, communal grazing/watering management and introduction of new animals were significantly associated with LSD occurrence. The temporal association between LSD occurrence and increase in the biting-fly population was also positively correlated by Spearman rank correlation coefficient (0.88, 0.79 and 0.79 for highland, midland and lowland zones, respectively) and statistically significant. The need to evaluate the financial feasibility and benefit possibly expected of vaccination led us to the fourth component of the thesis.