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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

The principle of legality and the prosecution of international crimes in domestic courts : lessons from Uganda

Namwase, Sylvie 30 October 2011 (has links)
On 18 November 2010, the Court of Justice of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) held that legal reforms adopted by Senegal in 2007 to incorporate international crimes into the national Penal Code to enable its domestic courts to prosecute Hissene Habre for, among others, crimes against humanity committed in Chad twenty years before, violated the principle of legality, specifically the principle against non-retroactivity of criminal law. The court held that such crimes could be prosecuted only by a hybrid tribunal with the jurisdiction to try Habre for the international crimes based on general principles of law common to the community of nations. Some scholars opined that the ECOWAS decision was wrong, stating that the crimes in question were criminalised already under international law and that Senegal‟s legal reforms simply served jurisdictional purposes. Given that, as a core component of the principle of legality, the role of non-retroactivity is to prohibit the creation of new crimes and their application to past conduct, the opinions of such scholars may hold true. / Thesis (LLM (Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa)) -- University of Pretoria, 2011. / http://www.chr.up.ac.za/ / nf2012 / Centre for Human Rights / LLM
2

Le constitutionnalisme à l’épreuve de l’intégration dans l’espace CEDEAO : contribution à l’étude de la protection des droits fondamentaux depuis l’« ouverture démocratique » en Afrique / Constitutionalism facing the challenge of integration in the ECOWAS region : contribution to the study of the protection of fundamental rights since the "democratic opening" in Africa

Amadou Adamou, Bachirou 21 September 2018 (has links)
L’étude du constitutionnalisme dans l’ordre juridique de la Communauté Économique des États de l’Afrique de l’Ouest (CEDEAO), sous le prisme de la protection des droits fondamentaux, paraît particulièrement intéressante tant l’organisation Ouest-africaine a connu une profonde mutation. Au départ économique, la CEDEAO a transcendé sa dimension initiale pour atteindre la supranationalité, seul moyen à l’efficacité avérée qui lui permettra à la fois de se saisir de son ambition communautaire et de ne pas manquer le rendez-vous de la mondialisation. En témoigne la constitutionnalisation sans cesse grandissante de l’ordre juridique communautaire par une méthode prétorienne de protection des droits fondamentaux qui a permis à la Cour de justice de la CEDEAO d’asseoir son autonomie. Pour autant, le constitutionnalisme ne semble pas pénétrer définitivement l’ordre juridique Ouest-africain qui n’est qu’à son stade embryonnaire. Mais, devant les exigences d’un renouveau démocratique africain, il a fallu se tourner résolument vers la création d’un environnement juridique et politique propice à la réalisation du projet d’intégration africaine. Pour mieux définir la conviction communautaire et consacrer définitivement le renouveau du régionalisme, les États membres ont dû abandonner leur ambition théorique irraisonnée, calqué sur le développementalisme, pour garantir au processus d’intégration, les éléments indispensables à la construction de son « identité », notamment son « identité constitutionnelle ». En ce sens, l’évolution normative de la CEDEAO, d’abord initiée par le traité révisé, ensuite par le Protocole sur la démocratie et la bonne gouvernance et enfin le Protocole d’Accra relatif à la Cour de justice, a permis de déterminer le cadre constitutionnel de la Communauté. Ce sont ces évolutions fondatrices de l’ordre juridique communautaire qui ont permis à la fois la juridicisation des droits fondamentaux et l’affirmation d’un constitutionnalisme Ouest-africain. Ces principes de convergence constitutionnelle permettent ainsi de répondre au défi politique et sécuritaire, clef de voûte de la construction d’un espace public communautaire : l’espace CEDEAO. / The study of constitutionalism in the legal order of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), through the lens of the protection of fundamental rights, seems particularly interesting, such that the West African organization has undergone a profound transformation or even metamorphosis. From an economic point of view, ECOWAS has transcended it’s initial dimension to achieve supranationality, the only way to the proven effectiveness that will allow it both to seize it’s community ambition and not miss the meeting of globalization. This is evidenced by the ever-increasing constitutionalization of the Community legal order by a Praetorian method of protecting fundamental rights, which has enable the ECOWAS Court of Justice to establish it’s autonomy. However, constitutionalism does not seem to penetrate definitely the West African legal order which is only in it’s embryonic stage. Nevertheless, in the face of demands of an African democratic renewal, it was necessary to turn resolutely towards the creation of a legal and political environment conducive to the realization of the African integration project. In order to better define the community’s conviction and definitively enshrine the renewal of regionalism, the Member States had to abandon their unreasoned theoretical ambition, based on developmentalism, to guarantee the process of integration, the essential elements for the construction of it’s "identity", in particular it’s "constitutional identity". In that respect, the normative evolution of ECOWAS, first initiated by the Revised Treaty, then by the Protocol on Democracy and Good Governance and finally the Accra Protocol relating to the Court of Justice, has made it possible to determine the constitutional framework of the Community. These are fundamental evolutions which have allowed both the legalization of fundamental rights and the affirmation of West African constitutionalism. These principles of constitutional convergence thus make it possible to respond to the political and security challenges, the keystone of the construction of a public community space: the ECOWAS region.

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