https://dc.etsu.edu/digital-animation-videos-oer/1091/thumbnail.jpg

https://dc.etsu.edu/digital-animation-videos-oer/1092/thumbnail.jpg

The Principles of Digital Animation course provides students with an awareness of animation and other 3D industries, as well as preliminary hands-on experience in animation production. This is a collection of openly licensed videos created by Gregory Marlow for the Principles of Digital Animation course taught during the Fall 2019 semester. For ease of adopting and adapting, the streaming version is embedded for each video and the original video and subtitle files are available to download. / https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-oer/1001/thumbnail.jpg

Come to this presentation to learn how you can innovate your classes while saving your students money with Open Educational Resources.

This study answers to th e quest ions of why and how the "Everything Maths" and "Everything Science" open textbooks are used, and to what extent a Community of Practice (Wenger, 2006) has formed around the use of these open textbooks, are informed by a case study, comprising of interviews with nine South African high-school teachers using these open educational resources. The Community of Practice theory provided a useful lens through which to code, analyse and view utterances made. Findings indicate that while financial reasons for using the open textbooks are important, pedagogical reasons, of quality and scope of content, are more valued by teachers. Also important are the availability of the open textbooks in a variety of formats, the potential for teachers to develop social learning (Brown, 2008) skills, learners to study independently, the interactive features, and online availability of the open textbooks. A Community of Practice, while not formalised, exists around the use of these open textbooks and can be classified as an Active Community (Kim, Hong and Suh 2012).

The Open Educational Resources (OER) movement was started roughly ten years old (Wiley & Gurell, 2009). Since that time thousands of resources have been produced. Though these resources have been used both for classroom development and for the autodidact, the development of OER was not without problems. Incompatibility between Creative Commons licenses has made revising and remixing two resources difficult, if not impossible (Linksvayer, 2006). Tools to help educators find appropriate educational resources have been necessary but are still nascent. Educators' perceived quality issues have also hampered adoption (Wiley & Gurell, 2009). The result is that resources were only being minimally reused (Wiley, 2009). One possible reason observed for the limited reuse was the barrier of technology. Some resources were easier to view, revise and remix from a technical perspective than others. Hilton, Wiley, Stein, and Johnson (2010) created the ALMS analysis framework to assess the technical openness of an OER. Although the ALMS framework allowed for an assessment of OER, no pilot instrument was reported in the Hilton et al. (2010) article. The framework has not been tested because there is no known rubric with which measurement can occur. Consequently, Hilton et al.'s framework needed to be further developed and tested against a range of open educational resources. This dissertation examined the ALMS analysis, which was previously only a concept, in order to create a concrete framework with sufficient detail and documentation for comparisons to be made among OERs. The rubric was further refined through a Delphi study consisting of experts in the field of OER (n=5). A sample of OERs (n=27) rated by a small group (4) was conducted to determine inter-rater reliability. Intra-class correlation indicated moderate agreement (ICC(2,1) =.655, df=376, 95% CI [.609, .699]). Findings suggested that the degree of technical difficulty in reusing OERs can be measured in somewhat reliable manner. These findings may be insightful in developing policies and practices regarding OER development.

Research on the use of Open Educational Resources (OER) often notes the potential benefits for users to revise, reuse, and remix OER to localize it for specific learners. However, a gap in the literature exists in terms of research that explores how this localization occurs in practice. This is a significant gap given the current flow of OER from higher-income countries in the Global North to lower-income countries in the Global South (King et al., 2018). This study explores how OER from one area of the world is localized when it is used in a different cultural context. As part of a larger ed-tech project in Ghana, I piloted a human rights manual that I helped develop and interviewed six facilitators of that course to see how they tailored the course to their students in Ghana. The goal was to understand their experience, their decisions, and their challenges and to explore the practice of localization and the challenges and affordances related to that practice. Findings indicated complex encounters with decontextualized content and a variety of localization practices. Participants expressed feelings of ill-fit and cultural tensions in navigating between the human rights content in the OER manual and local cultural practices. They also experienced challenges with technology due to low bandwidth and hardware problems, as well as language problems given Ghana's history of colonial rule. Native speakers of Twi are less proficient reading Twi than their national language, English. As facilitators worked to overcome these challenges, they were most likely to informally localize content in intuitive ways during the class based on students' needs. Informal, in-the-moment practices included translating content into Twi, persisting through technological challenges, using local stories and pictures, localizing through discussion, and teaching responsively. While none of the participants were initially aware of OER and its unique permissions, as they became aware of OER, discussion around localization included these themes: 1. the burdensome process of localization 2. need for support 3. need for flexible formatting to allow editing 4. technological barriers 5. the practice of remaking the lessons into tailored slide presentations. These findings have implications for designers of OER and their awareness of real mismatches and otherness created by decontextualized content. There are also suggestions for ways to apply findings and design intentionally with space for localization. More research on the practice of OER localization would refine our understanding of how OER is localized and what barriers and affordances exist to this practice.

Developmental education is a vital component to the transition from secondary to post-secondary education and has been the subject of much discussion related to current challenges faced in the changing academic environment. Through examination of three successful movements in higher education, the service-learning, Open Educational Resources (OER) and sustainability movements, attributes of effective reform will be discussed and analyzed. Levers for transformative change in post-secondary education will be discussed and applied to developmental education in an attempt to resituate developmental education and provide proactive suggestions for reform. / text

Based on the idea of broadening access to learning opportunities for all by means of new Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs), the Open Educational Resources (OER) movement has gained ground during the first years of the 21st Century while capturing the imagination of educators, university leaders, policy-makers and opinion leaders all over the globe. Drawing on socio-technical theories and adopting a case study research design, which involved the analysis of both qualitative and quantitative data, this thesis addresses the manifold tensions and paradoxes that may emerge out of the interplay between a highly predefined model of OER provision and the everyday realities and institutional contexts of different higher education settings. In particular, it focuses on the process of implementation by Spanish universities of OpenCourseWare (OCW) initiatives, a widely adopted model of OER provision that was originally devised at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. By examining the enactment of technology as a situated phenomenon, this study sheds light on the roles that OCW initiatives play in relation to the strategic orientation of universities and how the actual involvement of scholars in the creation of this type of materials is often curbed by some entrenched institutional arrangements and prevailing academic cultures. The findings of this thesis have theoretical as well as practical implications, which suggest that the replication of models of OER provision outside the specific settings in which they were originally devised is a rather problematic endeavour. More generally, it supports the idea that the implementation of ICTs must be always accompanied by social structures that are mindful and respectful of local specificities and institutional arrangements. Another key conclusion is that, if universities are genuinely committed to broadening access to higher education opportunities and supporting participation in life-long learning by means of ICTs, it is crucial to understand the ways and extent to which OER initiatives can actually contribute to achieving such goals.

Cette thèse porte sur le partage des ressources pédagogiques et sur la conception de fonctionnalités spécifiques pour faciliter la visualisation du cycle de vie des ressources éducatives en lien avec leur utilisation en classe dans le contexte éducatif du Vietnam. Une première enquête exploratoire par questionnaire (N = 69) a permis de réaliser une brève synthèse sur l'utilisation des TIC pour l'enseignement dans les lycées du Vietnam. Une seconde enquête par questionnaire (N=905) et par entretien (N= 25) a mis en évidence des différences entre les enseignants dans le partage des ressources pédagogiques (selon le genre, le type de discipline et le type de lycée d’exercice). Elle a recueilli les opinions des enseignants sur les fonctionnalités d’un site efficace de partage et sur la formation du cycle de vie d’une ressource. Ensuite, deux expérimentations concernant le partage entre enseignants ont révélé un faible partage des ressources pédagogiques, un faible ajout de nouvelles versions ainsi que des discussions peu nombreuses sur les sujets pédagogiques. Cette thèse confirme l’idée d’un partage possible des ressources éducatives en mettant l’accent sur les facteurs favorables tels que la qualité des ressources, la motivation, la confiance des contributeurs, l’incitation, la mise en place de fonctionnalités de discussion et de partage de ressources avec un site web. Les obstacles au partage ont été recensés, notamment le manque de temps, le manque de confiance, le manque de motivation, une certaine forme de culture, le droit d'auteur, l’instabilité de la qualité du réseau internet, le manque de connaissances sur les TIC, la concurrence dans le travail, la barrière du leadership de l’école. Cette thèse permet d’envisager d’autres perspectives d’étude sur le partage des ressources pédagogiques et peut aider à la conception d’un site web facilitant le partage entre les enseignants. / This thesis deals with a study on the educational resources sharing. The focus is on the design of specific functionalities to facilitate the visualization of the life cycle of educational resources intended for classroom use in the educational context of Vietnam. The initial quantitative exploratory study using questionnaires (N = 69 teachers) offered a brief summary about ICT usage in secondary school in Vietnam. The second study using a quantitative survey (N= 905 teachers) and interviews (N= 25 teachers) emphasized differences between teachers in the sharing of educational resources. These differences are expressed according to their gender, their discipline and the type of school they are working in. This second study also collected their opinions on functionalities of an effective site for resource sharing and on the formation of the life cycle of a resource. Then, two experiments revealed that teachers had few practice in (1) sharing educational resources with their pairs, (2) posting new version of a previously shared resource and (3) discussing in the forum on educational topics. This thesis argues that educational resource sharing among teachers is possible and could be supported by success factors such as: quality of resources, motivation, contributors’ self-confidence, social support, and technical functionalities to facilitate discussion and sharing on the website. The revealed barriers to sharing include: time pressure, lack of confidence, lack of motivation, culture, copyright, Internet connexion unreliability, low ICT skills, competition in the workplace, the barrier of school leadership. This work in the specific vietnamees context marked out the way for further studies on educational resource sharing in other cultural contexts and should be inspiring to design a website to facilitate sharing among teachers.