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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Ambient Liquid Mass Spectrometry: Development and Application

Yuan, Cheng-hui 19 July 2007 (has links)
none
2

Measuring the Technical Difficulty in Reusing Open Educational Resources with the ALMS Analysis Framework

Gurell, Seth Michael 14 December 2012 (has links) (PDF)
The Open Educational Resources (OER) movement was started roughly ten years old (Wiley & Gurell, 2009). Since that time thousands of resources have been produced. Though these resources have been used both for classroom development and for the autodidact, the development of OER was not without problems. Incompatibility between Creative Commons licenses has made revising and remixing two resources difficult, if not impossible (Linksvayer, 2006). Tools to help educators find appropriate educational resources have been necessary but are still nascent. Educators' perceived quality issues have also hampered adoption (Wiley & Gurell, 2009). The result is that resources were only being minimally reused (Wiley, 2009). One possible reason observed for the limited reuse was the barrier of technology. Some resources were easier to view, revise and remix from a technical perspective than others. Hilton, Wiley, Stein, and Johnson (2010) created the ALMS analysis framework to assess the technical openness of an OER. Although the ALMS framework allowed for an assessment of OER, no pilot instrument was reported in the Hilton et al. (2010) article. The framework has not been tested because there is no known rubric with which measurement can occur. Consequently, Hilton et al.'s framework needed to be further developed and tested against a range of open educational resources. This dissertation examined the ALMS analysis, which was previously only a concept, in order to create a concrete framework with sufficient detail and documentation for comparisons to be made among OERs. The rubric was further refined through a Delphi study consisting of experts in the field of OER (n=5). A sample of OERs (n=27) rated by a small group (4) was conducted to determine inter-rater reliability. Intra-class correlation indicated moderate agreement (ICC(2,1) =.655, df=376, 95% CI [.609, .699]). Findings suggested that the degree of technical difficulty in reusing OERs can be measured in somewhat reliable manner. These findings may be insightful in developing policies and practices regarding OER development.
3

Economia da esmola e subdesenvolvimento sustentável. A Legião da Boa Vontade (1950-2001) / Economy of Alms

Mello, Reynaldo França Lins de 30 June 2008 (has links)
O que significa economia da esmola? A esmola é um meio ou um fim? A esmola é um meio de sobrevivência dentro da linha de miséria. Ocorre que, quando a esmola é apropriada institucionalmente e, portanto, estruturada por uma organização religiosa, ela se torna um fim para a entidade que a utiliza como instrumento de sustentação: surge a economia da esmola, com uma finalidade essencialmente econômica, tanto assim o é que não é possível imaginar-se qualquer uma das instituições que se utilizam desse meio (a esmola) abrindo mão do mesmo e continuarem a sobreviver (volta-se à esmola como meio). Se a esmola organizada dá origem à economia da esmola, que por sua vez gera riqueza material e acumulação de capital, temos a criação de um mercado (in)formal da esmola, mas que não é nomeado como tal. / What does economy of alms mean? Is alms a means to an end or an end in itself? Alms is a means for survival within the line of misery. What happens is that when alms is institutionally aprropriate and, therefore, structured by a religious organization, it becomes an end for the entity, who uses it as a sustaining instrument: the economy ofalms appears, with an aim wchic is essentially economic, so much co, that it is not possible to imagine any of the institutions that make use of this means (the alms) to stop using it and continue to survive (one goes back to using alms as a means to an end). If the organized alms gives origin to the economy of alms which, in its turn, generates abundance of material and accumulation of capital, them we have the creation of a formal alms market, but which is not nominated as such.
4

Economia da esmola e subdesenvolvimento sustentável. A Legião da Boa Vontade (1950-2001) / Economy of Alms

Reynaldo França Lins de Mello 30 June 2008 (has links)
O que significa economia da esmola? A esmola é um meio ou um fim? A esmola é um meio de sobrevivência dentro da linha de miséria. Ocorre que, quando a esmola é apropriada institucionalmente e, portanto, estruturada por uma organização religiosa, ela se torna um fim para a entidade que a utiliza como instrumento de sustentação: surge a economia da esmola, com uma finalidade essencialmente econômica, tanto assim o é que não é possível imaginar-se qualquer uma das instituições que se utilizam desse meio (a esmola) abrindo mão do mesmo e continuarem a sobreviver (volta-se à esmola como meio). Se a esmola organizada dá origem à economia da esmola, que por sua vez gera riqueza material e acumulação de capital, temos a criação de um mercado (in)formal da esmola, mas que não é nomeado como tal. / What does economy of alms mean? Is alms a means to an end or an end in itself? Alms is a means for survival within the line of misery. What happens is that when alms is institutionally aprropriate and, therefore, structured by a religious organization, it becomes an end for the entity, who uses it as a sustaining instrument: the economy ofalms appears, with an aim wchic is essentially economic, so much co, that it is not possible to imagine any of the institutions that make use of this means (the alms) to stop using it and continue to survive (one goes back to using alms as a means to an end). If the organized alms gives origin to the economy of alms which, in its turn, generates abundance of material and accumulation of capital, them we have the creation of a formal alms market, but which is not nominated as such.
5

Os esmoleiros do rei : a bula da Santa Cruzada e seus oficiais na capitania de Minas Gerais (1748-1828)

Figueiredo, Cecília Maria Fontes 24 October 2014 (has links)
Submitted by Maria Dulce (mdulce@ndc.uff.br) on 2014-10-24T19:52:28Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Figueiredo, Cecilia-Tese-Historia-2014.pdf: 1818707 bytes, checksum: f0b9c9b68bc06b34087323f7fbbba950 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-24T19:52:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Figueiredo, Cecilia-Tese-Historia-2014.pdf: 1818707 bytes, checksum: f0b9c9b68bc06b34087323f7fbbba950 (MD5) / O trabalho tem por objeto o estudo da ação dos esmoleiros da Bula da Santa Cruzada, no período de 1748 a 1828, na região das Minas. Buscou-se entender o significado da arrecadação da esmola para Portugal cujo objetivo era combater os infiéis no norte da África e defender a fé cristã, além da manutenção das praças mercantis. A tese aborda os significados da arrecadação das esmolas, a importância para Portugal da defesa da cristandade e as representações simbólicas da doação, além de tratar da desconfiança dos doadores na Colônia. Procurou-se ainda caracterizar as modalidades de esmoleiros mores e menores e a especificidade dos tesoureiros da Bula como agentes a serviço do Estado e os privilégios detidos em razão do exercício da função e o lugar de distinção na sociedade da época. O trabalho ainda aborda a importância da Bula através das festas e rituais que tinham lugar na Colônia à época de sua publicação anual, onde compareciam autoridades civis e eclesiásticas, ato que legitimava os benefícios da Bula e conferia aos seus oficiais, reconhecimento, posição e autoridade. E mostra como a representação simbólica do infiel atualizava-se nas cavalhadas, onde a luta entre mouros e cristãos era ritualizada, momento de atualização do mito constitutivo da história política portuguesa. / This work it takes as an object the study of the meaning of the action of the Alms beggar of the Bull of the Saint Crusade, in the period from 1748 to 1828, in the region of the Mines. It was looked to understand the meaning of the tax revenue of the donation of Portugal which objective was to fight the unfaithful ones in the north of Africa and to defend the Christian faith, besides the maintenance of the mercantile squares. The dissertation boards the meanings of the tax revenue of the charities, the importance for Portugal of the defense of the Christhendom and the symbolic representations of the donation, besides treating the suspicion of the donors in the Colony. It tried still to characterize the kinds of Alms beggars live and juveniles and the especifical of the treasurers of the Bull like agents to service of the State and privileges detained on account of the exercise of the function and the place of distinction in the society of the time. The work still boards the importance of the Bull through parties and rituals what had place in the Colony to the time of his annual publication, where there were appearing civil and ecclesiastical authorities, act that was legitimizing the benefits of the Bull and was tallying to his officials, recognition, position and authority. And display like the symbolic representation of the unfaithful one was updating in the herds of horses, where the struggle between Moorish and Christian was ritualized, moment of updating of the constitutive myth of the Portuguese political history.
6

Sauver les riches. La charité à Lille à la fin du Moyen Âge / Saving the Rich. Charity in Lille at the End of the Middle Ages

Dietrich-Strobbe, Irène 26 November 2016 (has links)
Cette thèse de doctorat étudie les profits engendrés par l’accomplissement des sept œuvres de miséricorde à Lille dans les trois derniers siècles du Moyen Âge. Au sein du comté de Flandre, Lille est une ville étonnamment calme par rapport à ses voisines néerlandophones et relativement peu étudiée. Lille a connu l’autorité successive des comtes de Flandre, des rois de France puis des ducs de Bourgogne. En 1237, la comtesse Jeanne de Constantinople y fonde pour le salut de son âme un hôpital fortement doté, destiné à accueillir le plus grand nombre possible de pauvres. Au tout début du XVIe siècle, la densité des institutions charitables est forte dans la ville puisque celle-ci compte, pour 25 000 habitants (hypothèse très haute), seize hôpitaux, un orphelinat en gestation pour les garçons ainsi que sept charités paroissiales. En plus de ces institutions, il faut ajouter les nombreuses aumônes accomplies par les particuliers. Les secours aux pauperes Christi sont au cœur de nombreux dispositifs mémoriels. Les institutions charitables constituent de véritables enjeux économiques tant par leurs richesses, qu’elles replacent sur les marchés, que par leurs besoins en denrées et en main-d’œuvre. Une enquête prosopographique montre que leur gestion permet à ceux qui ne peuvent faire partie du Magistrat pour des raisons politiques ou familiales, de trouver malgré tout une place utile et honorable dans la société. In fine, l’étude montre que le contrôle – même indirect – des institutions charitables représente un enjeu politique entre les bourgeois et leurs gouvernants et renforce aussi les liens qui les unissent. / This PhD thesis concerns the profits generated by the accomplishment of the seven works of mercy in Lille, during the last three centuries of the Middle Ages. Within the County of Flanders, Lille is a quiet astonishing town, especially compared to its Dutch-speaking neighbours. Its case has only seldom been studied. Lille was successively ruled by the counts of Flanders, the kings of France and the dukes of Burgundy. In 1237, Countess Joan of Constantinople founded for the sake of her soul, a hospital that she endowed a lot. The goal of the institution was to welcome as many pauperes Christi as possible. At the very beginning of the 16th century, the density of charitable institutions in a 25 000 inhabitants town (a generous hypothesis) was very high, with 16 hospitals, one orphanage in developement, seven parochial charities and numerous alms made by individuals. The goal of helping the pauperes Christi was at the heart of numerous memorial devices. Charitable institutions constituted an important economic issues, due to their wealth and needs in goods and workforce. A prosopographical research shows that their management allows people who could not participate to the Magistrat to obtain an honourable place into the society. Finally, this study shows that the control of charitable institutions – even if indirect – does not only represent a political issue between citizens and their rulers but reinforces their connections.
7

Les talibés mendiants, une catégorie d’enfants de la rue au Sénégal. Pérennisation d’un fait social / Reflection on street children issue in Senegal : the singular case of talibe beggars in the city of Dakar.

Sané, Kadessa 13 January 2017 (has links)
Cette recherche est née de la volonté de mener une réflexion sur la pérennisation de la mendicité des talibés en milieu urbain sénégalais, notamment dans la ville de Dakar. Les talibés sont des enfants confiés par leurs parents à des maîtres coraniques pour l’apprentissage du Coran. À l'origine, cet apprentissage qui est une tradition religieuse se faisait exclusivement en zones rurales. Toutefois, depuis les années 1970, en raison des grandes sécheresses qui se sont abattues dans les zones rurales du Sénégal et qui ont appauvri les populations, s’est développée la migration vers les villes d’hommes et de femmes en quête de meilleures conditions de vie. L’enseignement coranique a été touché par ces mutations socio-économiques car depuis lors, certains maîtres coraniques qui sont avant tout des cultivateurs, s'installent dans les villes sénégalaises, accompagnés d’enfants destinés à être leurs talibés. Toutefois, arrivés en ville, ces enfants passent plus de temps dans les rues que dans les daaras (« écoles coraniques ») car leurs maîtres leur demandent de mendier quotidiennement et de leur ramener entre autres une somme d'argent fixée d'avance. Même si l’Etat sénégalais dispose de lois répressives contre la mendicité infantile, il arbore une attitude équivoque face à ce que des organisations internationales considèrent comme une exploitation infantile. Ainsi, pour appréhender la pérennisation du fait social qu’est la mendicité des talibés, cette thèse se propose d’étudier les pratiques sociales à l’égard des talibés mendiants, des pratiques qui consistent essentiellement à leur adresser des dons d’aumône. En plus des raisons religieuses et humanitaires qui peuvent justifier ces dons, ces derniers sont également effectués pour des raisons plus mystiques notamment après certaines divinations de marabouts de type féticheur/guérisseur/voyant. Comme on le verra dans le cœur de cette recherche, ces distributions d’aumône apparaissent ainsi tel un enchevêtrement de croyances religieuses et hétérodoxes. In fine, il s’agira à partir d’une méthodologie qualitative d’élucider et d’analyser les ambivalences tout comme les enjeux sociaux que recouvre la pérennisation de la mendicité des talibés dans la plupart des villes sénégalaises. / This research followed the will to lead an inspection about the perennation of children begging in Senegal urban areas. Talibes are children whose parents entrust to some koranic masters. At the very beginning, this kuranic teaching that is a religious tradition was solely organized in rural area. Even so, in the seventies, rural areas faced harsh droughts that empoverished its inhabitants. As a matter of fact, some men and women started leaving their villages in quest for better living conditions in Senegal big cities. Koranic teaching was also affected by these socio-economic mutations because since then, some koranic masters who are first and foremost growers, have set up in cities taking with them children who are meant to be their talibes. However, when the latter arrive in town they spend more time in the streets than into daaras (koranic schools) because their masters ask them to beg daily and to bring them among other things a specific amount of money. Thus, those children are at the same time talibes and beggars. Even though the Senegalese government owns repressive laws against children begging, it shows off an equivocal attitude towards this social phenomenon. In this way, to apprehend the perennation of children begging, this thesis aims to study and to re-examine social practices towards talibes-beggars. Those practices consist mainly in giving them alms. Apart from religious and humanitarian reasons that can justify those practices, the latter can also be operated for more mystical reasons namely after some divinations made by marabouts like fetishs, healers and diviners. The scope therefore is to elucidate and to analyze, through a qualitative methodology, both ambivalences and eventual issues involved in the perannation of talibes begging in most of senegalese cities.
8

Etické aspekty v knize Tobijáš / Ethical aspects in the Book of Tobit

CHMELOVÁ, Miroslava January 2018 (has links)
The thesis is focused on the analysis of selected ethical aspects in the book of Tobit. In the first part of the thesis explains the concept of ethics. In its second part individual ethical aspects of the book are explained. The third part tries to answer, what selected church documents and theological texts focused on ethics say about particular aspects analysed in the second part. At the end, particular events of the book of Tobit as ethical example for our lives and impact of Old Testament texts on present ethics are propounded to consider.
9

Processing piety and the materiality of spiritual mission at Syon Abbey, 1415-1539

Clement, Claire Kathleen January 2016 (has links)
This dissertation examines the intersection of spiritual values and material life at Syon Abbey, a wealthy Brigittine double monastery in late medieval England. As an institution it was, paradoxically, directed primarily toward an evangelical goal, while being focused on contemplative women who were strictly enclosed. In this dissertation, I assert that this apparent contradiction was resolved through a high degree of collaboration between the abbey’s religious women and men. I argue that Brigittine monasticism, and that of Syon in particular, was uniquely attuned to metaphors and meanings of materiality, which enabled the abbey to transform the women’s mundane material life of food, clothing, architecture, work, finance, and even bureaucracy, into spiritual fruits to be shared with the Syon brethren through dialogue within confessional relationships, and subsequently, with the laity through the media of sermons, sacraments, books, and conversation. I use the abbey’s extensive household financial accounts in conjunction with Brigittine writings and monastic legislative documents to examine the intersection of ideal material life and its spiritual meaning on the one hand, and the abbey’s lived materiality as reflected in its internal economic and administrative actions, on the other. The central question is the degree to which Syon’s material life was one of luxury in keeping with what the Order’s founder, Saint Birgitta, would have seen as worldly excess, or one of moderate asceticism, in keeping with the Brigittine Rule. Major findings are that in most respects (financial management, gender power, officer appointments, clothing, and some aspects of food), Syon’s materiality was lived in accordance with the Rule and the Brigittine mission, but that in some respects, it erred on the side of elite display and consumption (the majority of food items and the architecture and decoration of the abbey church), and in others, the source material is too incomplete to enable conclusions (the decoration of monastic buildings and the distribution of alms). In addition, by analysing the income from boarding of visitors and offerings from pilgrims, I examine the degree of Syon’s impact on the laity and how it changed with the approaching Dissolution, concluding that the abbey had a significant impact that declined only when legal restrictions were applied.
10

Challenges and potentials of channeling local philanthropy towards development and aocial justice and the role of waqf (Islamic and Arab-civic endowments) in building community foundations

Daly, Marwa El 16 May 2012 (has links)
Diese Arbeit bietet eine solide theoretische Grundlage zu Philanthropie und religiös motivierten Spendenaktivitäten und deren Einfluss auf Wohltätigkeitstrends, Entwicklungszusammenarbeit und einer auf dem Gedanken der sozialen Gerechtigkeit beruhenden Philanthropie. Untersucht werden dafür die Strukturen religiös motivierte Spenden, für die in der islamischen Tradition die Begriffe „zakat“, „Waqf“ oder im Plural auch „awqaf-“ oder „Sadaqa“ verwendet werden, der christliche Begriff dafür lautet „tithes“ oder „ushour“. Aufbauend auf diesem theoretischen Rahmenwerk analysiert die qualitative und quantitative Feldstudie auf nationaler Ebene, wie die ägyptische Öffentlichkeit Philanthropie, soziale Gerechtigkeit, Menschenrechte, Spenden, Freiwilligenarbeit und andere Konzepte des zivilgesellschaftlichen Engagements wahrnimmt. Um eine umfassende und repräsentative Datengrundlage zu erhalten, wurden 2000 Haushalte, 200 zivilgesellschaftliche Organisationen erfasst, sowie Spender, Empfänger, religiöse Wohltäter und andere Akteure interviewt. Die so gewonnen Erkenntnisse lassen aussagekräftige Aufschlüsse über philanthropische Trends zu. Erstmals wird so auch eine finanzielle Einschätzung und Bewertung der Aktivitäten im lokalen Wohltätigkeitsbereich möglich, die sich auf mehr als eine Billion US-Dollar beziffern lassen. Die Erhebung weist nach, dass gemessen an den Pro-Kopf-Aufwendungen die privaten Spendenaktivitäten weitaus wichtiger sind als auswärtige wirtschaftliche Hilfe für Ägypten. Das wiederum lässt Rückschlüsse zu, welche Bedeutung lokale Wohltätigkeit erlangen kann, wenn sie richtig gesteuert wird und nicht wie bislang oft im Teufelskreis von ad-hoc-Spenden oder Hilfen von Privatperson an Privatperson gefangen ist. Die Studie stellt außerdem eine Verbindung her zwischen lokalen Wohltätigkeits-Mechanismen, die meist auf religiösen und kulturellen Werten beruhen, und modernen Strukturen, wie etwa Gemeinde-Stiftungen oder Gemeinde-„waqf“, innerhalb derer die Spenden eine nachhaltige Veränderung bewirken können. Daher bietet diese Arbeit also eine umfassende wissenschaftliche Grundlage, die nicht nur ein besseres Verständnis, sondern auch den nachhaltiger Aus- und Aufbau lokaler Wohltätigkeitsstrukturen in Ägypten ermöglicht. Zentral ist dabei vor allem die Rolle lokaler, individueller Spenden, die beispielsweise für Stiftungen auf der Gemeindeebene eingesetzt, wesentlich zu einer nachhaltigen Entwicklung beitragen könnten – und das nicht nur in Ägypten, sondern in der gesamten arabischen Region. Als konkretes Ergebnis dieser Arbeit, wurde ein innovatives Modell entwickelt, dass neben den wissenschaftlichen Daten das Konzept der „waqf“ berücksichtigt. Der Wissenschaftlerin und einem engagierten Vorstand ist es auf dieser Grundlage gelungen, die Waqfeyat al Maadi Community Foundation (WMCF) zu gründen, die nicht nur ein Modell für eine Bürgerstiftung ist, sondern auch das tradierte Konzept der „waqf“ als praktikable und verbürgte Wohlstätigkeitsstruktur sinnvoll weiterentwickelt. / This work provides a solid theoretical base on philanthropy, religious giving (Islamic zakat, ‘ushour, Waqf -plural: awqaf-, Sadaqa and Christian tithes or ‘ushour), and their implications on giving trends, development work, social justice philanthropy. The field study (quantitative and qualitative) that supports the theoretical framework reflects at a national level the Egyptian public’s perceptions on philanthropy, social justice, human rights, giving and volunteering and other concepts that determine the peoples’ civic engagement. The statistics cover 2000 households, 200 Civil Society Organizations distributed all over Egypt and interviews donors, recipients, religious people and other stakeholders. The numbers reflect philanthropic trends and for the first time provide a monetary estimate of local philanthropy of over USD 1 Billion annually. The survey proves that the per capita share of philanthropy outweighs the per capita share of foreign economic assistance to Egypt, which implies the significance of local giving if properly channeled, and not as it is actually consumed in the vicious circle of ad-hoc, person to person charity. In addition, the study relates local giving mechanisms derived from religion and culture to modern actual structures, like community foundations or community waqf that could bring about sustainable change in the communities. In sum, the work provides a comprehensive scientific base to help understand- and build on local philanthropy in Egypt. It explores the role that local individual giving could play in achieving sustainable development and building a new wave of community foundations not only in Egypt but in the Arab region at large. As a tangible result of this thesis, an innovative model that revives the concept of waqf and builds on the study’s results was created by the researcher and a dedicated board of trustees who succeeded in establishing Waqfeyat al Maadi Community Foundation (WMCF) that not only introduces the community foundation model to Egypt, but revives and modernizes the waqf as a practical authentic philanthropic structure.

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