This thesis is an extensive analysis of commercial arbitration within Islamic Jurisprudence, clarifying its rules starting with the fundamentals of its origins which are based on the Quran, Sunna, Consensus and Analogy. The opinions of scholars from various schools of Islamic Jurisprudence are discussed so that the most appropriate ones can be used in support of the thesis in relation to the current epoch. These opinions will be linked to modem arbitration legislation, both international and local, in an attempt to discover the similarities and differences between them and the extent to which international and local legislation is related to the acceptance of arbitration from the perspective of Islamic Jurisprudence. The thesis will also analyse the legal aspects of the 1983 Saudi Arbitration Law and its 1985 Implementation Rules so as to discover the extent of the role of Islamic Commercial Arbitration in the Saudi Arabian context. It will also show the need for further ratification in this sphere in order to develop the Saudi Arbitration Law so as to encourage more foreign investment and achieve more efficiency and harmony within international commercial arbitration. Chapter one will deal with the definition of arbitration and its legality within Islamic Jurisprudence. Chapter two will discuss the pillars of the arbitration contract and endeavour to answer the question of women's role in arbitration and also to what extent non-Muslims can be arbitrators in various situations. Chapter three will focus on Islamic arbitration proceedings. Chapter four will deal with arbitral awards, their definitions, interpretations, components and corrections. It will also clarify some misunderstood points and concepts about Islamic Jurisprudence. Chapter five will explain the system of challenging arbitral awards and the extent to which they can be examined within Islamic Jurisprudence. It will also focus on challenges in Saudi Arbitration Law. Chapter six will explain the recognition and enforcement of national and foreign arbitral awards as they pertain to Islamic Jurisprudence and Saudi Arbitration Law. Suggestions resulting from this analysis will be outlined in the conclusion of this thesis.

My thesis deals with religion, democracy and differences. My interests are primarily philosophical and theoretical, and I intend to contextualize my research with reference to Canadian issues and debates. This thesis addresses the challenges posed to the normative ideal of multiculturalism. In particular, I intend to discuss the difficulties of adopting normative ideals that meet the democratic principles of political equality and inclusiveness while at the same time promoting tolerance toward minorities in order to sustain their distinctiveness. In dealing with the complex relationship between religion, democracy and differences. I highlight the limitations of multiculturalism and propose a theory of liberation of reason, entitled the theory of Daf’ (Repel), in order to address the myriad challenges spawned by this complex intermingling of political and cultural identities within liberal democratic societies. The theory of Daf’ in the context of a deliberative model of democracy complements the normative ideal of multiculturalism.

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This study looks at Laleh Bakhtiar´s ambitions when it comes to The Sublime Quran, her English translation of the Quran. It also contains a look at how it was received in English and American media, and how Bakhtiar and her like-minded defend her interpretation and translation against critics, focusing on verse 4:34.

<p>This study looks at Laleh Bakhtiar´s ambitions when it comes to <em>The Sublime Quran</em>, her English translation of the Quran. It also contains a look at how it was received in English and American media, and how Bakhtiar and her like-minded defend her interpretation and translation against critics, focusing on verse 4:34.</p>

The research aims to establish in a holistic manner the facts about the Khawtirij sect, its history, beliefs and activities, and the major events it experienced, together with knowledge about and principles of its different sub·groups. The research also sheds light on the lama 'at al- Takfir Wa L-Hijrah's activities whether in Egypt or in Somalia. The thesis scrutinizes the definition of extremism and terrorism in contrast to Islam's message of tolerance and justice. Within this context, it also clarifies disagreements deemed reprehensible by Islam. This study found that Islam promotes unity and condemns disputes, fanaticism, extremism and factionalism since it is a religion of moderation and tolerance. The Khawarij is a deviant group which can be described as a terrorist organization in modern parlance. The /ama 'at Takfir Wa L-Hijrah is nothing more than a modern version of the Khawiin"j which ad heres to the same beliefs as its predecessor. It has a visible presence in Somaliaand aU its actions confirm the original apostacising ideology of the . Khawiirij Such actions are not trivial; before embarking on them stri ct conditions and regulations have to be followed. The noble Prophet (peace be upon him) and Muslim scholars have warned against these practices when correct procedure is flouted. Some of the most commonly used words are: Islam, reli gion, nat jon, Somalia, Khawiirij, sect, faith, principles, disagreement, apostasy, Allah, Prophet Muhammad, Qur'an and Hadith. / Arabic / DLITT (Arabic)

Figures show that Sweden received 40 000 refugees in the autumn of 2015, who all were in the age range to attend junior high, and high school. The majority of these students originated from countries where Islam is the main religion. Hence, some of these students are likely to have their educational background in a qur’anic school. The purpose of this study is therefore to provide information about these students’ educational background. The study has been conducted with a special focus on how the Swedish school system differs in comparison to the qur’anic school system. An additional research aim was to investigate what some English teachers knew about these students’ educational backgrounds. In addition to these aims, the study also focused on whether the teachers tend to adapt their lessons in order to benefit these students. The research method that has been applied in order to answer these questions are qualitative interviews conducted with four teachers of English. The results of this study indicate that the qur’anic school is vastly different from the Swedish school system. Furthermore, the teachers that participated in this study did share some knowledge about the qur’anic school system, even though it was somewhat limited among two of the interviewees. The same varying results were shown regarding the teachers’ wills to adapt their lessons, on behalf of these students. Moreover, two out of four teachers in this study lack basic knowledge about the qur’anic school.

The main purpose of this work is to present short biographical accounts of the lives of the scholars who were either natives of or visitors to Nishapur from the beginning of the eighth century to the first quarter of the thirteenth century.

The purpose of this research was to look into the issues one might encounter as a gay and lesbian Muslim with especial focus on the individual experience. I was interested in analyzing the dynamics of one's sexual identity interconnecting with one's religious identity with the assistance of identity theory, personality and culture concepts. I interviewed three different individuals who are all practicing Muslims and live openly as gay in their community, and gathered secondary resources to gain insights from gay, lesbian and transgender Muslims from other communities. The research disclosed individuals’ perceptions on the legitimacy of homosexuality in Islam and their lived experiences regarding their sexuality and the role their culture has played. / <p>Presentationen skedde genom Skype där lärarna satt i Uppsala och jag själv vid datorn hemma, boende i Paris, Frankrike. </p>

The research aims to establish in a holistic manner the facts about the Khawtirij sect, its history, beliefs and activities, and the major events it experienced, together with knowledge about and principles of its different sub·groups. The research also sheds light on the lama 'at al- Takfir Wa L-Hijrah's activities whether in Egypt or in Somalia. The thesis scrutinizes the definition of extremism and terrorism in contrast to Islam's message of tolerance and justice. Within this context, it also clarifies disagreements deemed reprehensible by Islam. This study found that Islam promotes unity and condemns disputes, fanaticism, extremism and factionalism since it is a religion of moderation and tolerance. The Khawarij is a deviant group which can be described as a terrorist organization in modern parlance. The /ama 'at Takfir Wa L-Hijrah is nothing more than a modern version of the Khawiin"j which ad heres to the same beliefs as its predecessor. It has a visible presence in Somaliaand aU its actions confirm the original apostacising ideology of the . Khawiirij Such actions are not trivial; before embarking on them stri ct conditions and regulations have to be followed. The noble Prophet (peace be upon him) and Muslim scholars have warned against these practices when correct procedure is flouted. Some of the most commonly used words are: Islam, reli gion, nat jon, Somalia, Khawiirij, sect, faith, principles, disagreement, apostasy, Allah, Prophet Muhammad, Qur'an and Hadith. / Arabic / DLITT (Arabic)