Orientador: Regina Maria Puppin-Rontani / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-20T03:04:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Benetello_Vanessa_M.pdf: 1255246 bytes, checksum: 803f9952085605139f802d3ac1bca050 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: O objetivo neste estudo foi avaliar o efeito de diferentes pastas obturadoras e agentes de limpeza sobre a dentina radicular de dentes decíduos, sobre: a estrutura molecular; e a morfologia de superfície da dentina radicular em dentes decíduos. Foram utilizadas 80 raízes de dentes decíduos anteriores extraídos por razões clínicas. As coroas foram seccionadas na junção cemento-esmalte e descartadas; e as raízes seccionadas no sentido longitudinal expondo os condutos radiculares, as quais foram planificadas e sonicadas. As raízes foram fixadas com resina composta para facilitar o manuseio, em seguida os condutos foram instrumentados com limas tipo K (15 a 35) e irrigados a cada troca de lima com hipoclorito de sódio a 0,5% + EndoPTC. Então, os espécimes foram distribuídos em 4 grupos de acordo com as pastas obturadoras (n=20): Controle-CP (sem obturação), Calen® espessada com óxido de zinco-CZ, Calcipex II®-CII, Vitapex®-V. Após a obturação, os espécimes foram armazenamentos por 7 dias. Após esse período, as pastas obturadoras foram removidas e os espécimes foram subdivididos em 4 grupos de acordo com os agentes de limpeza (n=5): Controle-CL (Sem limpeza), Etanol-E, Tergenform®-T, Ácido fosfórico-AF 35%...Observação: O resumo, na íntegra, poderá ser visualizado no texto completo da tese digital / Abstract: The aim of this study was to verify the effect the different filling pastes and cleaning agents in primary dentin root, as: molecular structure and morphologic structure the surface of root dentin in primary teeth. For the study were used 80 anterior primary teeth roots extracted for clinical reasons. The crowns of the teeth were sectioned at cement enamel junction and discarded. The roots were separated longitudinally exposing the root canal, which were ground flat and sonicated. The specimens were fixed using composite resin to facilitate manipulation, and then they were prepared with K-type files size #15-35 and irrigated with of 0.5% sodium hypochlorite solution + EndoPTC cream. Thus, were divided into 4 groups (n=20) according to the filling pastes: Control (without filling), Calen® paste thickened with zinc oxide, Calcipex II®, Vitapex®. Then, the specimens were stored for seven days. After that, filling paste was removed and the specimens were subdivided into 4 cleaning agents groups (n=5): Control (without cleaning agents), Ethanol, Tergenform®, Phosphoric acid (35%)...Note: The complete abstract is available with the full electronic document / Mestrado / Odontopediatria / Mestre em Odontologia

The first ground based observations of aeronomic phenomena in the South Atlantic Anomaly Region are presented. These data show that enhancements in foF2 and foE can be directly attributed to precipitated electron energy fluxes in the Anomaly Region. The regular occurrence of particle induced sporadic-E ionization is also presented together with the first measurable 391.4 nm airglow radiation of about 16 R. The first comprehensive survey of energy fluxes carried by energetic particles using satellites is also presented for both daytime and nighttime as well as the seasonal fluctuations. We found that the nocturnally precipitated electron energy fluxes varied between 1 x 10⁻⁴ and 38 x 10⁻⁴ erg cm²s⁻¹, depending upon magnetic activity and season, whereas the daytime precipitated electron energy fluxes tended to vary between 1 x 10⁻³ and 8 x 10⁻³ erg cm⁻²s⁻¹, with a tendency to decrease during magnetically active periods. Electron density and temperature contours as well as NO⁺ and 0⁺ ions contours for nighttime are also presented. The main conclusion of the study is that precipitating electrons provide a significant and sometimes dominant source of ionization in the ionosphere over the South Atlantic Anomaly Region.

This thesis describes the search for a temporal model for predicting the peak ionospheric electron density-(foF2). Existing models, such as the International Reference Ionosphere (IRI) and 8KYCOM, were used to predict the 12 noon foF2 value over Grahamstown (26°E, 33°8). An attempt was then made to find a model that would improve upon these results. The traditional method of linear regression was used as a first step towards a new model. It was found that this would involve a multi variable regression that is reliant on guessing the optimum variables to be used in the final equation. An extremely complicated modelling equation involving many terms would result. Neural networks (NNs) are introduced as a new technique for predicting foF2. They are also applied, for the first time, to the problem of determining the best predictors of foF2. This quantity depends upon day number, level of solar activity and level of magnetic activity. The optimum averaging lengths of the solar activity index and the magnetic activity index were determined by appling NNs, using the criterion that the best indices are those that give the lowest rms error between the measured and predicted foF2. The optimum index for solar activity was found to be a 2-month running mean value of the daily sunspot number and for magnetic activity a 2-day averaged A index was found to be optimum. In addition, it was found that the response of foF2 to magnetic activity changes is highly non-linear and seasonally dependent. Using these indices as inputs, the NN trained successfully to predict foF2 with an rms error of 0.946 MHz on the daily testing values. Comparison with the IRI showed an improvement of 40% on the rms error. It is also shown that the NN will predict the noon value of foF2 to the same level of accuracy for unseen data of the same type.

Philosophiae Doctor - PhD / Nanocrystalline silicon (nc-Si:H) is an interesting type of silicon with superior electrical properties that are more stable compared to amorphous silicon (a-Si:H). Silicon nitride (SiNₓ) thin films are currently the dielectric widely applied in the microelectronics industry and are also effective antireflective and passivating layers for multicrystalline silicon solar cells. Research into the synthesis and characterization of nc-Si:H and SiNₓ thin films is vital from a renewable energy aspect. In this thesis we investigated the film growth mechanisms and the filament stability during the hot-wire chemical vapour deposition (HWCVD) of nc-Si:H and SiNₓ thin films. During the HWCVD of nc-Si:H, electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) revealed that the tantalum (Ta) filament aged to consists of a recrystallized Ta-core with Ta-rich silicides at the hotter centre regions and Si-rich Ta-silicides at the cooler ends nearer to the electrical contacts. The growth of nc-Si:H by HWCVD is controlled by surface reactions before and beyond the transition from a-Si:H to nc-Si:H. During the transition, the diffusion of hydrogen (H) within the film is proposed to be the reaction controlling step. The deposition pressure influenced the structural, mechanical and optical properties of nc-Si:H films mostly when the film thickness is below 250 nm. The film stress, optical band gap, refractive index and crystalline volume fraction approached similar values at longer deposition times irrespective of the deposition pressure. Filament degradation occurred during the HWCVD of SiNₓ thin films from low total flow rate SiH₄ / ammonia (NH₃) / H₂ gas mixture. Similar to the HWCVD of nc-Si:H, the Ta-core recrystallized and silicides formed around the perimeter. However, Tanitrides formed within the filament bulk. The extent of nitride and silicide formation, porosity and cracks were all enhanced at the hotter centre regions, where filament failure eventually occurred. We also applied HWCVD to deposit transparent, low reflective and hydrogen containing SiNₓ thin films at total gas flow rates less than 31 sccm with NH₃ flow rates as low as 3 sccm. Fluctuations within the SiNₓ thin film growth rates were attributed to the depletion of growth species (Si, N, and H) from the ambient and their incorporation within the filament during its degradation.

High-mobility two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) which resides at the interface between GaAs and AlGaAs layered semiconductors has been used experimentally and theoretically to study ballistic electron transport. The present project is motivated by recent experiments in magnetic electron focusing. The proposed device consists of two quantum point contacts (QPCs) serving as electron injector and detector which are placed in the same semiconductor GaAs/AlGaAs heterostructure. This thesis is focused on the theoretical study of electron flow coming from the injector QPC (a short quantum wire) and going into an open two-dimensional (2D) reservoir. The transport is considered for non-interacting electrons at different transmission regimes using the mode-matching technique. The proposed mode-matching technique has been implemented numerically using Matlab software. Electron flow through the quantum wire with rectangular, conical and rounded openings has been studied with and without an applied electric bias. We have found that the geometry of the opening does not play a crucial role for the electron flow propagation while the conical opening allows the electrons to travel longer distances into the 2D reservoir. When electric bias is applied, the electron flow also penetrates farther into the 2D region. The results of this study can be applied in designing magnetic focusing devices.

Abstract In this thesis, the electronic structure of selected atoms was investigated by means of electron and uorescence spectroscopy. Synchrotron radiation was used to excitate atoms in gas phase. In particular, the photoionization and subsequent Auger decay processes in metal vapours were studied as well as the resonant Auger decay in rare gases. The experimental results were analyzed together with theoretical predictions obtained utilizing the multiconfiguration Dirac-Fock method.

No description available.

Durant cette thèse nous avons caractérisé et amélioré une nouvelle source de rayons X avec unplasma ECR (résonance cyclotronique électronique) permettant de générer des électronsénergétiques de 10 à 120 keV, qui vont ensuite produire le rayonnement X par freinage(bremsstrahlung). Les améliorations de l’installation ont permis d’obtenir une source stable, pouvantfonctionner une journée entière de travail (huit heures) sans arrêt. Dans la première partie de l’étudeexpérimentale on a étudié et déterminé les paramètres optimaux de la source : la pression, lapuissance micro-onde et la configuration magnétique sur le rayonnement X du plasma. Nous avonségalement confirmé la localisation des électrons énergétiques sur un anneau due à la configurationmagnétique. L’intensité trop faible et la zone d’émission non ponctuelle du rayonnement plasma, nepermettant pas l’utilisation de la source à plasma, une cible a été insérée sur la trajectoire desélectrons énergétique pour résoudre ces deux problèmes.Le principal avantage de notre source par rapport aux tubes X, est l’absence de haute tension (20 à400 kV). Pour chauffer les électrons, nous utilisons une onde de 2,45 GHz, qui est la fréquenceindustrielle autorisée dans les fours à micro-ondes, délivrée par un magnétron. Les éléments simplesqui composent notre source donne un coût plus faible qu’un système classique de tubes X, dûprincipalement au prix élevé du générateur HT pour les tubes X. De plus, nous n’avons pas besoind’un vide très poussé car, à la différence des tubes X, la source ECRX fonctionne avec une pressionrésiduelle de 0,1mPa. Et enfin notre source est compacte ce qui la rend facilement transportable. Lesapplications de cette source sont nombreuses comme la radiologie, la stérilisation et le contrôle nondestructif industriel. / During this thesis we have characterised and developed a new X-ray source with an ECR plasma(electron cyclotron resonance) generating energetic electrons from 10 to 120 keV, which will emit adeceleration radiation (the Bremsstrahlung). The improvements of the installation permit to obtain astable source, which can work during one day (eight hours) without stop. In first part of theexperimental study we have studied and determined the optimal parameters of the source: pressure,micro-wave power and the magnetic configuration on the X radiation of the plasma. We also confirmedthe localisation of the energetic electron on a ring due to the magnetic configuration. The low intensityand the non punctual emission size of the X radiation, don’t allow the use of the source, so a target isinserted in the trajectory of the energetic electron to solve these two weaknesses.The main advantage of our source compared with X-ray tubes, is the absence of high voltage (20 to400 kV). For heating the electron, we use a 2,45 GHz wave, that is the industrial frequency authorizedfor the micro-wave oven, delivered by the magnetron. The simple elements that compose our sourceare less expensive than the classical X-ray tubes, due to mainly the high cost of the X-ray generator.Moreover, we don’t need a high vacuum, mandatory for the X-ray tubes; an ECRX operates at aresidual pressure of 0,1 mPa. And finally, we have a compact source. Applications will be various frommedical, like radiological, sterilization, to non-destructive industrial control.

No description available.

No description available.