In modern home entertainment video systems the digital interconnection between the different components is becoming increasingly common. However, analog signal sources are still in widespread use and must be supported by new devices. In order to keep costs down, the digital and the analog receiver chains are implemented on a single die to form a system-on-chip (SoC). For such integrated circuits, it is beneficial to reduce the number of power supply domains to a minimum and preferably use the core voltage to power the analog circuits. An eight-to-one input multiplexer, targeted for video digitizer applications, is presented. Together with the multiplexer, a simple current-mode DC restoration circuit is provided. The goal has been to design the circuits for a standard, single-well, 65 nm CMOS process, entirely using low-voltage core transistors and a single 1.1 V supply domain, while allowing the input signal voltages to extend beyond the supply rails. To fulfill the requirements, a bootstrap technique has been proposed for the implementation of the multiplexer switches. Bootstrapping a CMOS switch allows high linearity, as well as wide bandwidth and dynamic range, to be achieved with a very low supply voltage. The simulated performance is: 3 dB bandwidth of 536 MHz with a 1.5 pF load at the output of the multiplexer and a SFDR of 65 dBc at 20 MHz and 1 Vp-p input signal. It has been verified that no transistor is stressed by high voltages, therefore, the circuit reliability is guaranteed. The DC restoration circuit utilizes the main video ADC, for measuring the DC level, and is capable of setting it with an accuracy of 60 μV within the range of 100 mV to 500 mV.

En viktig uppgift för alla företag är att sälja sin kompetens. För många företag innebär det bland annat att locka in besökare i ett utställningsbås på de många yrkesmässorna runt om i världen. Med detta som avsikt beslutade sig Motion Contol i Västerås AB att annonsera ut ett examensarbete med inriktningen att utveckla ett “publikfång” i form av ett stort visionbaserat x/y-system. Besökaren kastar en boll mot x/y-systemet var på den fångar in bollen med visionsystemet till hjälp. För att lösa uppgiften krävs att de rörliga delarna i det mekaniska systemet hålls så lätta som möjligt. Då maskinen skall kunna fånga in bollar över ett område på 1 x 1 meter på mindre än 0,5 sekunder, uppstår betydande krafter vid en stor rörlig massa. En inledande marknadsundersökning gjordes för att ta fram alternativ gällande motorer, motordrivare, linjärdon, och visionsystem. Under den efterföljande konstruktionen av maskinen har visionsystemet visat sig svårast att implementera. Dock har alternativa demonstrationslägen tagits fram som möjliggör dess användning utan visionsystem. Projektet är således endast delvis slutfört och lämpar sig för ytterligare utveckling.

Real-time spectrum analyzer is a hot instrument for signal analysis and spectrum monitoring. It has wide applications in wireless communication and high potential for smart reading. However, it is characterized with a high cost. Hence, a designed light version based on already available lab instruments is constructed for use in school lab. In this thesis, a simple oscilloscope and a computer were used in the process. Both instruments communicated through GPIB cable and MATLAB software was used for the processing tasks. In order to test the designed one, a simple signal generator was used. The signal was analyzed in both time domain and frequency domain. Then measurements of the signal over time were updated to a matrix of FFT and were plotted in 3D, showing spectrum variation over time. The application of this project to radio frequency analysis was also discussed.

I have in this report studied the problem of losing awareness when using pro- tective earmuffs in noisy industrial environments. Losing awerness can lead to smal and major injuris, but also to fatalities. In this essay I have presented a potential solution to this problem and also a prototype. The prototype consists of a transmitter part attached to the vehicle and then a receiver part that is attached to the persons protective earmuffs. This report is a thesis work for 15 credits, Basic level 300, for a Bachelor degree in Mechatronics at Mälardalen University. I found this project very educational and also very interesting. I can see this as a potential solution for a already existing problem on this market. / Jag har i denna uppsats studerat problemet med att man förlorar mycket upp- märksamhet när man använder hörselskydd i bullriga industrimiljöer. Förlusten av uppärmsamheten kan leda till små och stora skador, men även i vissa fall dödsolockor. I denna uppsats har jag presenterat en potentiell lösning till detta problem och även en prototyp av denna lösning. Prototypen består av en sändardel som fästes på fordonet och sedan en mottagardel som fästes på personens härselkå- por. Denna uppsats är ett examensarbete på 15hp, Basic level 300, för examen som Högskoleingengör inom Mekatronik på Mälardalens Högskola. Jag fann detta projekt mycket lärorikt och även intressant. Jag ser detta som en potentiell lösning på ett befintligt problem ute på marknaden.

Nowadays stress is a frequent problem in the society. Stress level could be important in order torecognise health problems later.Electrocardiogram technics allows to supervise the heart condition and the detection ofanomalies about the patient.Sometimes data collection systems by sensors placed on the patient restrict his mobility.Therefore the elimination of wires is a good solution for this trouble. Then the Bluetooth protocol ischosen as way for transmitting and receiving data between stations. There are three ECG sensorsplaced on the right hand, the left hand and the right leg. It is possible to measure the heart signalwith this technique. Besides there is an extra sensor in order to measure the temperature of thepatient. Depending of the value of these parameters is possible to recognise stress levels. Allsensors are connected to a special box with a microcontroller which treats every signal. Thismodule has a Bluetooth part that transmitts wireless the new digital signal to the receiver. This onewill be a dongle connected to the computer by Serial Port.A program in the computer has been implemented in order to receive the Bluetooth Datasent from the box and saving the data in a file for subsequent activities.

The complexity of wireless communication integrated circuits is increasing day by day due to the trend of multifunction and multistandard support. This has not only increased the production cost of these RFICs but the testing cost is also increased significantly, as much advanced test equipments and instruments are needed to carry out the sophisticated performance tests. To avoid this higher cost and to reduce the test time, the alternative is to perform on-chip test. .In RF transceivers, loopback is an on-chip test technique in which Tx signal, instead of radiating through antenna is fed to the Rx chain through a test attenuator (TA) during the test mode. A highly linear offset mixer is needed to implement this on-chip loopback test for these transceivers. The aim of this thesis work is to design a highly linear upconversion offset mixer for loopback test in CMOS technology. This mixer is designed for Bluetooth and GSM/EDGE standards. Few highly linear mixer architectures were simulated in 0.35um AMS process using Cadence SpectreRF software. When compared with active mixers, passive mixer consumes no dc power and there is significant reduction in silicon area overhead. The thesis presents a highly linear passive mixer with very low conversion loss and noise figure. The mixer is designed in 0.13um AMS CMOS process for higher cut off frequency and improved conversion loss. Pre and Post layout simulation results of the designed mixer are presented.

Abstract Abstract The reason to measure the ion current in a combustion engine is to extract combustion parameters in order to achieve closed loop control of the combustion i.e. control of the spark, fuel and air into the engine. By using the spark plug, in a spark-ignited engine, as a probe it is possible to measure the ion current. The purpose with this thesis is to improve an existing ion current interface. A ringing caused by the ignition coil will follow by the ion current signal. Now the need of energy in the spark increase. Since increased energy in the spark gives a longer burn time and a longer ringing the ringing will extend into the ion current signal. The problem with the old interface is that the ringing is not symmetrical which could cause problems when filtering the signal. The aim of this thesis is to achieve a symmetrical ringing and a interface that can handle an ion current amplitude from 0,1µA to 1mA.

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<p>Using Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) in health care system has yielded a tremendous effort in recent years. However, in most of these researches tasks like sensor data processing, health states decision making and emergency messages sending are done by a remote server. Numbers of patient with large scale of sensor data consume a lot of communication resource, bring a burden to the remote server and delay the decision time and notification time. In this paper,<strong> </strong>we present a prototype of a smart gateway that we have implemented. This gateway is an interconnection and services management platform especially for WSN health care systems at home environments, by building a bridge between WSN and public communication networks, compatible with an on-board data decision system (DDS) and a lightweight database, which enable to make the patient’s health states decision in the gateway in order to get faster response time to the emergencies. We have also designed the communication protocols between WSN, gateway and remote servers. Additionally Ethernet, Wi-Fi and GSM/GPRS communication module are integrated into the smart gateway in order to report and notify information to care-givers.  We have conducted experiments on the proposed smart gateway by performing it together with a wireless home e-health care sensor network. The results show that it is reliable and has low latency and low power consumption.</p>

<p>One of the main challenges posed by 4G wireless communication systems is achieving flexible, programmable multi-standard radio transceivers with maximum hardware share amongst different standards at a minimum power consumption. Evaluating the feasibility and performance of different multi-standard/multi-band radio solutions at an early stage, i.e. system level, is key for succeeding in surmounting this challenge. This entails formulation of the transceiver budget for several RF architectures and frequency plans with different degrees of hardware sharing. This task is complicated by the fact that transceiver blocks can have different implementations that lead to different performances. The tools that are available for use at present have only analysis capabilities or address only one standard and/or receiver architecture at a time.</p><p>In the belief that a new approach to this problem is necessary, the work that has led to this thesis proposes a novel methodology that automates the design-space exploration of integrated multi-standard wireless radio receivers. This methodology has been implemented in a multi-standard RF Transceiver Architecture Comparison Tool, TACT. TACT helps surmounting many of the challenges faced by RF system designers targeting multi-standard/multi-band radio receivers.</p><p>The goal of the algorithms TACT is built upon is to find a multi-standard receiver frequency plan and budget that meets or exceeds the specifications of the addressed wireless standards while keeping the requirements of each of the receiver blocks as relaxed as possible. TACT offers RF engineers a deep insight into the receiver behavior at a very early stage of the design flow. It models the impact of critical circuit non-idealities using a high level of abstraction. This reduces the number of design iterations and, thus, the time-to-market of the solution. The reuse of already available intellectual property (IP) blocks is also considered in TACT, what can result in a significant cost reduction of the receiver implementation.</p><p>A case study of a WCDMA/WLAN multi-standard receiver designed using TACT is presented in order to illustrate the capabilities of the proposed techniques.</p>