Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited / The coastal cliff top line recession has historically been used to calculate erosion along the Southern Monterey Bay. Digital photogrammetry is used in this work to produce Digital Terrain Models (DTM), representing the coastal cliff top line of 1984. This links the historical recession data sets with the LIDAR measurements of 1997 and 1998 and a 2003 cliff top line measured using Kinematic DGPS. Recession time series starting in the 1940's are produced for several locations. Least square linear fits of the recession data are computed for the periods 1940-84, 1940-98 and 1940-03. At Fort Ord and Sand City the resulting slopes show a persistent erosion trend of 1meter/year, unchanged in the last 19 years. The mean sea level (MSL) evolution is studied using historical San Francisco MSL data because of its high correlation with Monterey MSL. Higher MSL during El NinÌ o years, coincident with higher erosion rates show the correlation between erosion and MSL. In the long term, high-erosion El NinÌ o years combine with normal years averaging to a near constant erosion trend. For Phillips Petroleum and Beach Lab a significant decrease in the erosion rate is observed after sand mining stopped in Sand City. Digital Photogrammetry provides a high-quality representation of the shoreline topography, offering useful information to the warfighter in terms of detailed beach or landing zone characterizations. / Lieutenant Commander, Spanish Navy

Dans cette thèse, nous avons traité l’endommagement local des pipes en acier API 5L X52, par impact de sable et par hydrogène. L’érosion se produit par la projection du corindon (Al2O3), d’une taille moyenne de grains comprise entre 300 et 400um. Les variables sont le temps de sablage (compris entre 1 et 8 heures) et le rayon d’entaille d’éprouvette (0.25 à 1 mm). L’effet d’érosion est caractérisé par : perte de masse, volume érodé, évolution des paramètres d’entaille, analyse des contraintes résiduelles et microdureté HV. Nous avons constaté que plus le temps de sablage et le rayon d’entaille sont grands, plus l’endommagement est important. Les contraintes résiduelles introduites par sablage jouent un rôle important sur la résistance du matériau. La deuxième partie concerne l’endommagement des pipes par la présence de l’hydrogène. Des essais ont été réalisés à un potentiel constant de -1Vsce et dans une solution électrolytique standard : NS4 (Natural Soil 4). La quantité et la concentration d’hydrogène absorbée ont été évaluées. En réalisant différents essais mécaniques : Traction, Charpy et fatigue, nous avons déterminé l’influence du sablage et de l’hydrogène sur les propriétés mécaniques des pipes. Les résultats montrent que le sablage améliore l’élongation à la rupture et la durée de vie du pipe ;  par contre, l’hydrogène les réduit puisque il pénètre dans l’acier et change le mécanisme de rupture. L’évolution de la microstructure du matériau et le mode de rupture ont été observé par microscope à balayage. la réduction de la taille des grains de l’acier, au fond d’entaille sablée, est le signe d’une forte déformation plastique. Les fissures dans l’acier, chargé en hydrogène, se propagent en suivant le chemin de la porosité. Enfin, la nocivité d’entaille, sous sablage et sous hydrogène, a été étudiée par le Diagramme Intégrité Rupture Modifié. Nous avons montré que l’entaille, d’une profondeur de 20% de l’épaisseur du pipe, reste sans dangerosité, mais la fragilisation par la présence de l’hydrogène diminue les facteurs de sécurité et de sûreté d’environ 7% / In this thesis, we have treated the local damage of pipes, with API 5L X52 steel, by impact of sand and hydrogen. The erosion occurs by the projection of corundum (Al2O3), with an average grain size between 300 and 400μm. The variables are the sanding time (between 1 and 8 hours) and the specimen notch radius (0.25 to 1 mm). The effect of erosion is characterized by: mass loss, eroded volume, evolution of notch parameters, residual stress analysis and microhardness HV. We noticed that longer the sanding time and larger the notch radius, more significant is the damage. Residual stresses introduced by sandblasting play an important role on the material resistance. The second part concerns the damage of pipes by the presence of hydrogen. Tests were carried out at a constant potential of -1Vsce, and in a standard electrolytic solution: NS4 (Natural Soil 4). The quantity and the concentration of absorbed hydrogen were evaluated. By performing different mechanical tests: Tensile, Charpy and fatigue, we determined the influence of sandblasting and hydrogen on the mechanical properties of pipes. The results indicate that the sandblasting improves the elongation at fracture and the lifetime of pipe, but on the other side, hydrogen reduces them because "he" penetrates into the steel and changes the failure mechanism. The evolution of material microstructure and fracture mode were observed by scanning electron microscope. The decrease in steel grains size, at the sandblasted notch tip, is a sign of large plastic deformation. The cracks in steel, charged with hydrogen, propagate along the porosity path. Finally, the harmfulness of notch, under sandblasting and hydrogen, was studied by the Modified Failure Assessment Diagram. We have shown that the notch with a depth of 20% of the pipe thickness isn’t dangerous, but the brittleness caused by the presence of hydrogen reduces the safety and security factors about 7%

We use cosmogenic 10Be analysis of fluvial sediments and bedrock to estimate erosion rates (103 – 106 year timescale) and to infer the distribution of post-orogenic geomorphic processes in the Blue Ridge Province in and around Shenandoah National Park, VA. Our sampling plan was designed to investigate relationships between erosion rate, lithology, slope, and basin area. Fifty-nine samples were collected from a variety of basin sizes (<1 – 3351 km2) and average basin slopes (7 - 26°) in each of four different lithologies that crop out in the Park: granite, metabasalt, quartzite, and siliciclastic rocks. The samples include bedrock (n = 5), fluvial sediment from single-lithology basins (n = 43), and fluvial sediment from multilithology basins (n = 11): two of these samples are from rivers draining streams exiting the eastern and western slopes of the Park (Rappahannock and Shenandoah Rivers). Inferred erosion rates for all lithologies for fluvial samples range from 3.8 to 24 m/My. The mean erosion rate for single-lithology basins in the Park is 11.6 ± 4.8 m/My. Singlelithology erosion rates ranges for fluvial samples are: granite (basin size = ~0.4-40 km2 and slope = 11-23°), 7.9–22 m/My; metabasalt (basin size = ~1-25 km2 and slope = 11-19°), 4.8–24 m/My; quartzite (basin size = ~0.1-9 km2 and slope = 12-23°), 4.7–17 m/My; and siliciclastic rocks (basin size = ~0.3-13 km2 and slope = 18-26°), 6.2–17 m/My. The mean erosion rate for multilithology basins (basin size = ~1-3351 km2 and slope = 7-22°) is 10.2 m/My, and individually for the Shenandoah River 7.3 m/My and the Rappahannock River 13.8 m/My. Bedrock erosion rates range from 2.4-13 m/My across all lithologies, with a mean erosion rate of 7.9 ± 5.0 m/My. Grain-size specific 10Be analysis of four samples showed no consistent trend of concentration with grain size. These data support Hack’s dynamic equilibrium model. Slope and erosion rate are not well correlated, and mean erosion rates are similar for different lithologies. Cosmogenicallydetermined erosion rates in Shenandoah Park are similar to or lower than those reported elsewhere in the Appalachians including those of Matmon and others (2003), 25 to 30 m/My for metaclastic rocks in the steep Great Smoky Mountains, Reuter and others (2004), 4 – 54 m/My in Susquehanna River basin for shale, sandstone, and schist, and Sullivan and others (2006), 6-38 m/My in the micaceous schist and gneiss of the Blue Ridge Escarpment. Cosmogenic erosion rates (integration over 104 yrs) in the Blue Ridge province of Shenandoah National Park are consistent with long-term unroofing rates (integration over 107 yrs) estimated from U-Th/He measurements (11-18 m/My) in samples collected near the Blue Ridge Escarpment by Spotila and others (2004), and fission tracks (20 m/My) in the Appalachians by Naeser and others (2005). The consistency of denudation rates integrated over very different periods of time suggests steady erosion most likely in balance with, and driving isostatic uplift of rock.

Ion beam erosion of solid surfaces is known to produce a variety of surface morpholo- gies, such as pits, mounds or crests. Very often self-organized patterns composed of highly correlated arrays of dots or ripples at sub-micrometer and nanometer length scale could be obtained. Ion beam erosion patterning have demonstrated the poten- tial to tailor related surface properties for optoelectronic and spintronic applications, such as modulated photoemission induced by quantum con¯nement of nanodots and magnetic anisotropy induced by nanoripples. On the other hand, one considerable practical importance and e®ect of ion beam erosion is that of surface smoothing of nanometer features, during etching or ¯lm deposition coincident with energetic species. In my dissertation, systematic investigations of ripple formation and smooth- ing during low energy Ar+ ion erosion of sapphire surfaces using synchrotron grazing incidence small angle x-ray scattering and atomic force microscopy are performed. It is found in the pattern formation that the wavelength of ripples can be varied over a remarkably wide range by changing the ion incidence angle. The ion induced viscous °ow smoothing mechanism explains the general trends of the ripple wavelength at low temperature and incidence angles larger than 30±. The behavior at high temper- atures suggests relaxation by surface di®usion. However, strong smoothing is inferred from the observed ripple wavelength near normal incidence, which is not consistent with either surface di®usion or viscous °ow relaxation. Furthermore, a real-time x- ray scattering experiment is presented showing that ion smoothing of a pre-patterned surface near normal incidence is consistent with the e®ect of a collision-induced lat- eral current. Quantitative agreement is obtained using ion-collision simulations to compute the magnitude of the surface current. The results lead to predictions for the surface morphology phase diagram as a function of ion beam energy and incidence angle that substantially agree with experimental observations. The ion-induced lat- eral current smoothing model is applicable to many surfaces that become amorphous but maintain the stoichiometry of bulk materials during ion bombardment.

The goal of this thesis is to develop a procedural terrain height map generator programmable using a Turing complete scripting language. The generator must allow rendering of partial maps by generating arbitrary rectangular region of the map described by any script. The thesis explains why this means the traditional script execution model won't work in this case and proposes a novel two stage model, which executes the scripts in two stages - a simulation stage and a rendering stage. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

Master of Science / Department of Civil Engineering / Stacey Tucker-Kulesza / The erosion rate, or erodibility, of soil depends on many soil characteristics including: plasticity, water content, grain size, percent clay, compaction, and shear strength. Many of these characteristics also influence soil in situ bulk electrical resistivity (ER) measurements. The objective of this study was to characterize soil erosion potential by correlating the in situ ER of soil with erodibility measured in the Kansas State University Erosion Function Apparatus (KSU-EFA). ER surveys were conducted at eleven bridge sites. Soil samples were also collected at each site with a drill rig from the surface to three meters using thin-walled Shelby tubes. Five samples were collected at each site, tested in the KSU-EFA, and classified according to the Unified Soil Classification System. Analysis showed that the rapid in situ data obtained from an ER survey can be used to categorize the level of erodibility. As such, ER surveys may be used to characterize the soils at future bridge sites or prioritize existing bridges for additional testing to measure the scour potential. Moreover, ER surveys may be used to determine which existing bridges should be closed or closely monitored for scour potential during a flood event. Analytical models to predict critical shear stress using ER and other soil parameters were constructed.

Alpine environments are poorly studied ecosystems, largely due to their inaccessibility and severe climatic conditions. Nonetheless, a better understanding is needed of the ecological processes shaping these habitats, particularly the interactions between plants and animals. Recent studies indicate that the levels of soil erosion have increased in parts of Lesotho, possibly because of overgrazing by domestic livestock and the activities of the African ice rat Otomys sloggetti robertsi, whose population numbers have increased in recent times. O. s. robertsi is a diurnal, herbivorous, burrowdwelling, murid rodent, endemic to the southern African Drakensberg. The aim of my study was to establish whether and how the ice rat influences the vegetation and the soil characteristics in its habitat, and to determine whether ice rat population numbers have increased. I conducted three experiments. 1) Enclosures/plots were erected in the Sani Valley to measure the impact of; i) ice rats alone; ii) both ice rats and livestock on vegetation and soil loss and gain (which was used as a proxy for soil erosion). 2) I also ascertained ice rat numbers (colony sizes) at three different locations in Lesotho (Katse Dam, Oxbow and Sani Valley) by conducting monthly censuses of discrete colonies at each locality. 3) Finally, questionnaire surveys were used to ascertain the perception of, and influence on, ice rats by the local human inhabitants in Lesotho. The enclosure/plot experiments showed that the plots accessed by ice rats only had higher levels of vegetation change (loss of cover, decrease in height) and soil movement than other plots from which they were excluded or could access together with livestock, which was contrary to my prediction that the combined influence of ice rats and livestock would have a greater impact. The size of ice rat colonies showed a three-fold increase in my study compared to those a decade ago. The interviews of the local human inhabitants supported this finding, with people also claiming that ambient temperatures had increased and snowfall had decreased. The interviewees did not express any meaningful opinion about how they influenced the biology of ice rats, but claimed that ice rats were responsible for land degradation in the high Drakensberg. In conclusion, the results suggest that ice rats are responsible for large scale damage at my study sites as a result of their foraging and burrowing activities, and erosion is likely to be exacerbated by the increasing numbers of ice rats. Nonetheless, soil erosion is a complex problem involving several biotic and biotic contributing factors, and long term studies are required to fully understand the underlying determinants of erosion in the Lesotho Highlands.

Erosion on the slopes of mine tailings represents one of the most important environmental problems arising from the disposal of mine tailings. Tailings dam erosion is the main source of pollution that contaminates agricultural land and streams around mining areas. There is an urgent need to reduce erosion of the slopes of mine tailings in-order to limit further devastation of natural ecology. The present study investigates the possible use of cement to reduce erosion of the slopes of mine tailings dams. The pinhole erosion test was used to measure erodibility of tailings stabilized with cement. The strength properties of cement-stabilized tailings have been evaluated by the unconfined compression test. Conbex and ordinary Portland cement have been used for tailings stabilization, with contents of 0, 3, 5, 7, and 10% by mass. It has been established that cement can be used to reduce erosion of the slopes of mine tailings dams. At least 3% by mass cement is required to produce zero erosion loss. The resistance of tailings to erosion can be enhanced by increasing compaction density, curing period and cement content. Ordinary Portland cement produced higher strengths and erosion resistance than Conbex, although Conbex may be useful for stabilizing fine tailings. Cement-stabilized tailings could be used to make bricks and rubble for use in reducing erosion of the slopes of mine tailings dams. As little as 10% of cement is necessary to produce unconfined compressive strengths of 1600- 2600 kPa.

Orientador: Ricardo Antonio Ferreira Rodrigues / Co-orientador: Hélio Ricardo Silva / Banca: Artur Pantoja Marques / Banca: Gilberto Colodro / Resumo: Foi realizado a análise de características multitemporais em uma erosão na bacia hidrográfica do rio Dois Córregos com a utilização de imagens de satélites do ano de 2011, fotografias aéreas do ano de 1965 e técnicas de topografia. Para realizar esta pesquisa foram utilizadas as ferramentas de geotecnologias denominadas sistemas de informações geográficas, sistemas de posicionamento global e sensoriamento remoto. A área erodida na bacia hidrográfica do rio Dois Córregos foi escolhida devido ao grande volume de solo depositado ao longo do rio e até mesmo no reservatório da Usina Hidrelétrica de Jupiá, podendo ser observado facilmente através de imagens de satélites ou até mesmo em expedições a campo. A bacia hidrográfica do rio Dois Córregos encontra-se sobre o Aquífero Guarani, que possui uma área de 52.985,39 ha e desempenha um papel importante na disponibilização de água doce superficial para o reservatório da Usina Hidrelétrica de Jupiá. O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar a análise de técnicas ligadas a geotecnologias da área erodida na microbacia hidrográfica do rio Dois Córregos com ferramentas de baixo custo e obtendo resultados que possam ajudar a recuperar esta área / Abstract: A study was conducted in an environmental multitemporal erosion in the whatershed of the river Dois Córregos using satellite images of the year 2011, aerial photographs of 1965 and topographics techniques. To conduct this research we used the geotools called geographic information systems, global positioning systems and remote sensing. A eroded in the whatershed of the river Dois Córregos was chosen owing to the large volume of soil deposited along the river and even there servoir Hydropower Plant Jupiá and can be observed easily through satellite images or even in field expeditions. The whatershed of Dois Córregos is located over the Guarani Aquifer, which has an area of 52,985.39 hectare and plays an important role in providing fresh water to the reservoir surface of Hydropower Plant Jupiá. The objective of this study was the techniques analysis linked to the geotechnologics of a eroded area in the whatershed of the river Dois Córregos using low-costs tools and getting results that can help recover this area / Mestre

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar in vitro o efeito do ácido clorídrico, na forma líquida e gasosa na superfície do esmalte, além de avaliar diferentes tratamentos preventivos e avaliar in situ a influência da Doença do Refluxo Gastroesofágico (DRGE) sobre o esmalte dental e avaliar a eficiência de tratamentos preventivos contra a erosão dental em ambiente bucal. A fase in situ do estudo foi totalmente dependente dos resultados da fase in vitro, ou seja, os tratamentos realizados in situ foram selecionados de acordo coma fase in vitro. Para a fase in vitro, foram obtidos 234 espécimes de esmalte (4X4 mm) a partir de incisivos bovinos, os mesmos foram isolados com resina composta, exceto pela metade da superfície de esmalte a qual foi exposta aos tratamentos preventivos e/ou desafios erosivos. Esta etapa do estudo foi fatorial 3 X 3, tendo como fatores de estudo: Tratamento superficial em 3 níveis: ausência de tratamento (C), laser de CO2 (CO) e laser Nd:YAG (Nd); e a associação à fluoretos em 3 níveis: sem associação (SA), associado ao flúor gel (AF) e associado ao verniz fluoretado (AVF). Os desafios erosivos foram realizados de duas formas, HCl líquido e HCl gasoso. Foram selecionados 180 espécimes tratados (n=10) e distribuídos aleatoriamente. O desafio erosivo com HCl líquido foi realizado sob pH=2, à 37 °C, 6 X ao dia, durante 20s e por 5 dias; o desafio com HCl gasoso foi realizado sob pH=2, à 37 °C, 8 X ao dia, durante 3 min e por 12 dias. A análise foi em função do perfil de desgaste, degrau, perda de volume e rugosidade de superfície. Para a análise das alterações químicas e morfológicas da superfície foram selecionados 54 espécimes divididos aleatoriamente de acordo os tratamentos preventivos propostos e de acordo com as seguintes análises (n=3): DRX e MEV-EDS. Os dados foram submetidos ao teste estatística de análise de variância (ANOVA) a dois critérios, os dados referentes ao DRX e EDS foi avaliado de forma descritiva, as imagens da MEV foram avaliadas qualitativamente. Resultados HCl líquido - observa-se que a associação VF aumentou o perfil de desgaste (médias e desvio padrão: 0,82±0,17) em relação ao C (0,66±0,14), na interação dos fatores C/AVF e Nd/AVF aumentou o perfil de desgaste (0,84±0,21; 0,86±0,12), C (0,70±0,10); a associação VF aumentou a rugosidade (0,26±0,06), C (0,22±0,07), entretanto na interação dos fatores os tratamentos CO e C/AF foram melhores (0,19±0,07; 0,18±0,03), C (0,21±0,07); para o degrau e perda de volume não houve diferença estatística. Resultados HCl gasoso - observou-se que o Nd (1,3±0,08) proporcionou menor perfil de desgaste e Nd/AF(1,8±0,51) maior desgaste, C (1,4±0,16); a associação F e VF proporcionou menor degrau (6,6±4,9; 8,9±3,8), rugosidade (0,35±0,07; 0,37±0,05) e perda de volume (6,0±3,3; 8,3±3,6), C (11,86±4,3; 0,41±0,04; 11,05±4,7; respectivamente). Na análise de EDS houve diminuição do conteúdo de flúor nos tratamentos C, C/AFC/AVF, CO/AVF, Nd/AF e Nd/AVF, proporção Ca/P não foi alterada; para o DRX não observou-se alteração no contudo de flúor. Não observou-se em MEV alteração morfológica. Conclui-se que o ácido clorídrico, na forma líquida e gasosa, causa erosão dental, com comportamentos distintos, para o HCl líquido o tratamento CO/AF produziu menor desgaste, para o HCl gasoso a associação ao F e VF diminuíram o desgaste, os tratamentos não levaram ao aumento do conteúdo de flúor na superfície. A fase in situ contou com a participação de 44 voluntários divididos nos seguintes grupos: Controle- saudável; Suspeita- com erosão dental e sintomas de DRGE; DRGE- diagnosticados com a doença. Foram obtidos 264 espécimes de esmalte bovino (2x2x2 mm), os quais foram impermeabilizados com resina composta, exceto pela metade da superfície de esmalte que foi submetida aos tratamentos preventivos e expostas ao meio bucal. O estudo foi fatorial de 3X2, sendo: Tratamento Superficial em 3 níveis: ausência de tratamento (C), laser de CO2 (CO) e laser Nd:YAG (Nd); e a associação à fluoretos em 2 níveis: sem associação (SA), associado ao flúor gel (AF), em 2 fases de 30 dias com intervalo de 7 dias entre cada fase. Os dados foram submetidos ao teste estatística de análise de variância (ANOVA) a dois critérios. Os resultados foram nulos (0) para o perfil, degrau, perda de volume rugosidade, o grupo CO quando exposto na cavidade bucal levou à formação de trincas na superfície. Conclui-se que o período de 30 dias em meio bucal de pacientes portadores de DRGE são insuficientes para causar erosão no esmalte, os estudos in vitro e in situ apresentam resultados divergentes entre si, sendo necessário mais estudos na área. / The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluated hydrochloric acid liquid and gaseous effect on enamel surface and preventive treatments, to evaluated in situ gatroesophageos reflux disease (GERD) effect on dental enamel and prevenvtive treatments. The in situ study was totally dependent on the in vitro results, ie the superficial treatments performed in situ were selected according to the in vitro results. To in vitro study 234 enamel samples (4x4 mm) were obtained from bovine incisors and isolated with the compound resin except half of the enamel surface which was exposed to preventative treatments and erosive challenges. This study was 3 X 3 factorial, study factor: Superficial treatment in 3 levels: no treatment (C), CO2 laser (CO) and Nd:YAG laser (Nd); and fluoride assiciation in 3 levels: swithout (WA), fluoride gel association (FA) and fluoride narnish association (FVA). Erosive challenges were performed using HCl liquid and gaseous. 180 treated specimens were selected (n=10) and randomized. Erosive challenge using HCl liquid - pH=2, 37 °C, 6 times/day, during 20s, for 5 days; erosive challenge using HCl gaseous - pH=2, 37 °C, 8 times/day, during 3 min, for 12 days. It was evaluated wear depth (perfilometer), degree, volume loss and roughness. Chemical and morphological surface analysis was performed, thus 54 specimens were selected randomly divided according preventive treatments (n=3): XRD and SEM-EDS. Data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA, XRD and EDS was performed descriptive data analysis, SEM was analyzed qualitatively. HCl liquid results - FV association presented higher wear depth (menos and standard deviation: 0.82±0.17) compared to C (0.66±0.14), in the interaction between factors C/FVA and Nd/FVA increased wear depth (0.84±0.21; 0.86±0.12), C (0.70±0.10); the association FV increased roughness (0.26±0.06), C (0.22±0.07), the interaction between factors CO and C/FA were better (0.19±0.07; 0.18±0,03), C (0.21±0.07); For degree and volume loss are not significantly different. HCl gaseous results - Nd presented less wear depth (1.3±0.08) and Nd/FA higher wear depth (1.8±0.51), C (1.4±0.16); F and VF association presented less degree (6.6±4.9; 8.9±3.8), roughness (0.35±0.07; 0.37±0.05) and volume loss (6.0±3.3; 8.3±3.6), C (11.86±4.3; 0.41±0.04; 11.05±4.7; respectively). For EDS analysis there was decrease fluoride content after the treatmentos C, C/FA, C/FVA, CO/FVA, Nd/FA e Nd/FVA, ratio Ca/P was not altered; For XRD was not observed fluoride content changes. Was not observed morphological change by SEM. It can be concluded that hydrochloric acid liquid and gaseous promoted dental erosion, for HCl liquid CO/FA promoted less wear depth, for HCl gaseous F and VF association decreased wear depth, the treatments do not alter fluoride contente on enamel surface. For in situ study, 44 volunteers were selectioned and divided into groups: Control- healthy; Suspect- dental erosion and GERD symptoms; GERD- with disease diagnosis. Were obtained 264 specimens from bovine incisors (2x2x2 mm), which were isolated with the compound resin except half of the enamel surface which was exposed to preventative treatments and oral cavity exposed. The study was factorial 3X2: Superficial treatments in 3 levels: no treatment (C), CO2 laser (CO) and Nd:YAG laser (Nd); and fluoride association in 2 evels: without association (WA) and fluoride gel association (FA),in 2 phases of 30 days and 7-day interval between each phase. Data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA. The results were null (0) foro wear depth, degree, volume loss and roughness, the CO group exposed to oral cavity promoted superficial cracks. It can be concluded that 30-day period in the oral environment are insufficient to cause enamel erosion in GERD patients, in vitro studies and in situ show divergent results among themselves, more studies are needed.