This diploma thesis focuses on the estimating of the time of possible future stationary state of population. Different theories of population are discussed and reviewed. The calorie model of food supply and demand is taken as the basis of the thesis. The research offers the estimated calorie model, the calculations of time of possible future stationary state and possible scenarios of future changes in the model.

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本研究では分子の構造を系統的に変化させて合成したポルフィリン発色団をもつ種々のアルコールを用いて、シリケートガラス表面にポルフィリンの単分子膜を作製し、縮合反応やシリルエステル結合の化学的安定性を検討し、安定な有機/無機界面の構築に必要な分子設計の指針を示すことに成功した。また、リニアテトラピロールであるビリンジオンのソルバトクロミズムについても述べている。 / 博士(工学) / Doctor of Philosophy in Engineering / 同志社大学 / Doshisha University

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Generation of foam cells, an essential step for reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) studies, uses the technique of receptor dependent macrophage loading with radiolabeled acetylated Low Density Lipoprotein (Ac-LDL). In this study, we used the ability of a biologically relevant detergent molecule, Lysophosphatidylcholine (Lyso PtdCho), to form mixed micelles with cholesterol or cholesteryl ester (CE) to generate macrophage foam cells. Fluorescent or radiolabelled cholesterol / Lyso PtdCho mixed micelles were prepared and incubated with RAW 264.7 or mouse peritoneal macrophages. Results showed that such micelles were quite stable at 4°C and retained the solubilized cholesterol during one month storage. Macrophages incubated with cholesterol or CE (unlabeled, fluorescently labeled or radiolabeled) / Lyso PtdCho mixed micelles accumulated CE as documented by microscopy, lipid staining, labeled oleate incorporation, and by thin layer chromatography (TLC). Such foam cells unloaded cholesterol when incubated with high density lipoprotein (HDL) and not with oxidized HDL (Ox-HDL). We propose that stable cholesterol or CE / Lyso PtdCho micelles would offer advantages over existing methods. Oxidative stress is associated with heart failure (HF). Previously our research group observed that the patients with low left-ventricular ejection fraction showed accumulation of high level of oxidized LDL (Ox-LDL) when compared with the heart failure patients with normal range of ejection fraction (EF). HDL is known to be atheroprotective and one of its important antioxidative functions is to protect LDL from oxidative modifications. However, HDL itself undergoes oxidation and Ox-HDL becomes functionally poor. It is expected to have a diminished ability to promote reverse cholesterol transport. Therefore, it was hypothesized that the quality of HDL present in the patients with EF would more compromised than those present in the patients with normal EF. Functionality of HDL was evaluated by measuring its cholesterol efflux capacity from foam cells generated in vitro. Functionality of HDL, which is strongly related to the oxidative modifications of HDL was further estimated by measuring paraoxonase 1 (PON1) enzyme activity associated with HDL. Higher the PON1 activity and RCT ability, better is the functionality of HDL.

À succès, populaire, formidable, sont quelques adjectifs qui entourent le nom de la La Negra Ester. Sûrement nous sommes en présence d'une des pièces théâtrales les plus emblématiques de l'histoire de la scène chilienne et qui constitue un point de repère immanquable. La Negra Ester (1988), du poète chilien Roberto Parra, raconte une histoire d'amour typique: un ivrogne qui tombe amoureux d'une prostitué. Cependant, le récit prend un certaine écart, parce qu'il s'agit d'un épisode autobiographique de l'auteur. Écrite en vers et avec un langage populaire rempli des chilinismes; l'oeuvre, atteint un style différent des autres pièces de cette époque là. Également, le metteur en scène, Andrés Pérez, un homme de théâtre reconnu, a su incorporer ses connaissances en théâtre populaire, en kathakali et en techniques du cirque, pour rendre vie à l'histoire de Roberto et Ester. Tous ces éléments ont contribués à l'originalité de la pièce. Pourquoi autant de succès? Et quelle a été clef de cette réussite? Une étude théâtrologique de la pièce, c'est à dire, une analyse textuelle et une analyse visuelle de la mise en scène, nous servira comme outil pour s'approcher à ce succès artistique chilien.

Bisphenol S (BPS) is an industrial chemical used in the process of polymerization of polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins and thus can be found in various plastic products and thermal papers. The microbiota disrupting effect of BPS on the community structure of the microbiome has already been reported, but little is known on how BPS affects bacterial activity and function. To analyze these effects, we cultivated the simplified human intestinal microbiota (SIHUMIx) in bioreactors at a concentration of 45 µM BPS. By determining biomass, growth of SIHUMIx was followed but no differences during BPS exposure were observed. To validate if the membrane composition was affected, fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) profiles were compared. Changes in the individual membrane fatty acid composition could not been described; however, the saturation level of the membranes slightly increased during BPS exposure. By applying targeted metabolomics to quantify short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), it was shown that the activity of SIHUMIx was unaffected. Metaproteomics revealed temporal effect on the community structure and function, showing that BPS has minor effects on the structure or functionality of SIHUMIx.

Environmentally friendly lubricants are in demand in response to the rising concerns and restrictive legislation that surround the use of mineral oil lubricants. One area of importance is understanding the service life of the environmentally friendly base oils of these non-toxic, biodegradable and renewable alternatives. The service life of a lubricant is directly influenced by its degradation behavior, especially oxidation.  In this research, selected environmentally friendly base oils; Glycerol, Rapeseed oil, Polypropylene glycol, Polyethylene glycol, Bis(di-2-ethyl hexyl) sebacate, Squalene and reference mineral oil; paraffin,  were subjected to thermo-oxidative ageing at 150oC. The changes in the chemical structures of the samples were followed using Spectroscopic, chromatographic, rheological and corrosivity studies. Tribological tests were also carried out to quantify the changes in these lubricants. The results obtained showed that the thermal oxidation affected the physicochemical properties and the lubricating ability of the base oils. However, each base oil degraded distinctly to the accelerated ageing conditions.

Kaffee ist seit vielen Jahren das beliebteste Getränk der Deutschen. Im Handel wird Kaffee auf mannigfaltige Art angeboten z.B. als Röstkaffee, Instantkaffee oder auch als Bestandteil von anderen Getränken. Eingesetzt werden fast ausschließlich die Kaffee Arten Coffea arabica und Coffea canephora var. Robusta, dabei wird Arabica Kaffee fast doppelt so teuer gehandelt wie Robusta-Kaffee. Werden Kaffees als „100 % Arabica“ ausgelobt, so sollten auch solche Bohnen zu 100 % enthalten sein. Mit dieser Dissertation ist es gelungen, erstmalig mit einer Schnellmethode Robustazumischungen zu Arabica-Kaffee über die 16 OMC Ester zu bestimmen. Außerdem konnte die Analytik der schwierigen Matrix Instantkaffee wesentlich verbessert werden. Weiterhin konnte gezeigt werden, dass durch die Veränderungen der Einstellungen an einem Kaffeeautomaten die Cafestolgehalte im Espresso drastisch reduziert werden können und so das Risiko deutlich minimiert wird, an koronaren Herzerkrankungen zu erkranken. Weiterhin wurde die Sterolfraktion von Roh und Röstkaffees untersucht, dabei wurden erstmalig Sterolglucoside für Kaffee beschrieben. In einem weiteren Abschnitt wurden Milchmischgetränke mit Kaffeezusatz untersucht, um den wertgebenden Inhaltsstoff Kaffee zu quantifizieren.

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