No description available.

The purpose of this experiment was to study the effects of training history on retention and re-acquisition of stimulus control of previously learned behaviors. In Phase I, two pairs of behaviors were alternately trained. Circle and touch behaviors were trained concurrently until two consecutive errorless sessions were run. Spin and down behaviors were trained together in the same manner. Probe sessions, in which all four cues were presented, were conducted each time a pair of behaviors reached this criterion. Training of one pair did not occur until the other pair had reached criterion and probe sessions were run. Despite achieving the designated criterion during training, stimulus control changed during probes. During probe sessions, errors increased under the cues that were not currently being trained. In most cases, the type of errors emitted for each cue was the same as the behavior that was trained concurrently. The number of training sessions required to reach criterion accuracy was high during the first set of sessions and decreased over the course of the experiment. In Phase II, spin and circle behaviors were trained concurrently. The number of sessions required to reach stimulus control criteria remained low, and the number of errors emitted under the spin and circle cues during probe sessions decreased. However, the number of errors increased under the touch cue. In Phase III, a reinforce-all procedure was used instead of extinction to test stimulus control. The highest frequency of errors occurred under the touch cue, but the down error was almost exclusively emitted under every cue during the last several sessions.

abstract: This thesis addresses the following fundamental maximum throughput routing problem: Given an arbitrary edge-capacitated n-node directed network and a set of k commodities, with source-destination pairs (s_i,t_i) and demands d_i> 0, admit and route the largest possible number of commodities -- i.e., the maximum throughput -- to satisfy their demands. The main contributions of this thesis are three-fold: First, a bi-criteria approximation algorithm is presented for this all-or-nothing multicommodity flow (ANF) problem. This algorithm is the first to achieve a constant approximation of the maximum throughput with an edge capacity violation ratio that is at most logarithmic in n, with high probability. The approach used is based on a version of randomized rounding that keeps splittable flows, rather than approximating those via a non-splittable path for each commodity: This allows it to work for arbitrary directed edge-capacitated graphs, unlike most of the prior work on the ANF problem. The algorithm also works if a weighted throughput is considered, where the benefit gained by fully satisfying the demand for commodity i is determined by a given weight w_i>0. Second, a derandomization of the algorithm is presented that maintains the same approximation bounds, using novel pessimistic estimators for Bernstein's inequality. In addition, it is shown how the framework can be adapted to achieve a polylogarithmic fraction of the maximum throughput while maintaining a constant edge capacity violation, if the network capacity is large enough. Lastly, one important aspect of the randomized and derandomized algorithms is their simplicity, which lends to efficient implementations in practice. The implementations of both randomized rounding and derandomized algorithms for the ANF problem are presented and show their efficiency in practice. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Computer Science 2020

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(医学) / 甲第22882号 / 医博第4676号 / 新制||医||1047(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻 / (主査)教授 髙折 晃史, 教授 濵﨑 洋子, 教授 羽賀 博典 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

Built with nanomagnets, a spintronic device called the all-spin logic (ASL) device carries information with only spin currents, resulting in a low power supply--10 mV. This voltage is 100 times smaller than the conventional CMOS devices (usually 0.8~1V). The potential for improved energy efficiency made possible by the low operating voltage of ASL makes it one of the most promising devices among its post-CMOS competitors. The basic working principles of ASL device are introduced in this thesis and two complementary approaches to studying energy efficiency of computation are applied to a common set of ASL circuits: (1) a circuit simulation approach that provides efficiency estimates for specific ASL circuit realizations, and (2) a physical-information-theoretic approach that reveals fundamental efficiency bounds for ASL circuits as limited by irreversible information loss. The results of this study support the expectation that the energy efficiency of computation in ASL can far exceed that of CMOS. However, it also reveals that ASL efficiencies--shown to exceed fundamental limits by many orders of magnitude in the ASL implementations studied here--are unlikely to approach fundamental limits because of the unavoidable energetic overhead cost of maintaining spin currents.

RUNX1, a transcription factor required for hematopoiesis and lymphocyte differentiation, is one of the most commonly targeted genes in hematopoietic malignancies. Mutations in the RUNX1 gene are associated with a poor prognosis in a subset of T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) and RUNX1 has been proposed as a tumor suppressor in TLX1/3-transformed human T-ALL. Recent ChIP-seq studies in human T-ALL cell lines demonstrated that a large portion of TAL1- and NOTCH1- bound regions contain RUNX binding sites in promoter or enhancer regions, suggesting oncogenic roles for RUNX1 in T-ALL. To interrogate RUNX1 functions in leukemogenesis, we depleted RUNX1 in a T-ALL mouse model and in human T-ALL cell lines. We found that RUNX1 is required for the maintenance of mouse T-ALL growth in vivo and the survival of human T-ALL cell lines in vitro. In addition, inhibition of the RUNX1 activity with a small molecule inhibitor impairs the growth of human T-ALL cell lines and primary patient samples. RUNX1 depletion reduces the expression of a subset of TAL1- and NOTCH1- regulated genes including the MYB and MYC oncogenes, respectively. We demonstrate that RUNX1 regulates transcription factor binding and acetylation of H3K27 at the Myb and Myc enhancer loci. These studies provide genetic and pharmacological evidences that RUNX1 supports T-ALL cell survival and suggest RUNX1 inhibitor as a therapeutic strategy in T-ALL treatment.

No description available.

With the aggressive scaling of complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) nearing an inevitable physical limit and its well-known power crisis, the quest for an alternative/augmenting technology that surpasses the current semiconductor electronics is needed for further technological progress. Spintronic devices emerge as prime candidates for Beyond CMOS era by utilizing the electron spin as an extra degree of freedom to decrease the power consumption and overcome the velocity limit connected with the charge. By using the nonvolatility nature of magnetization along with its direction to represent a bit of information and then manipulating it by spin-polarized currents, routes are opened for combined memory and logic. This would not have been possible without the recent discoveries in the physics of nanomagnetism such as spin-transfer torque (STT) whereby a spin-polarized current can excite magnetization dynamics through the transfer of spin angular momentum. STT have expanded the available means of switching the magnetization of magnetic layers beyond old classical techniques, promising to fulfill the need for a new generation of dense, fast, and nonvolatile logic and storage devices. All-spin logic (ASL) is among the most promising spintronic logic switches due to its low power consumption, logic-in-memory structure, and operation on pure spin currents. The device is based on a lateral nonlocal spin valve and STT switching. It utilizes two nanomagnets (whereby information is stored) that communicate with pure spin currents through a spin-coherent nonmagnetic channel. By using the well-known spin physics and the recently proposed four-component spin circuit formalism, ASL can be thoroughly studied and simulated. Previous attempts to model ASL in the linear and diffusive regime either neglect the dynamic characteristics of transport or do not provide a scalable and robust platform for full micromagnetic simulations and inclusion of other effects like spin Hall effect and spin-orbit torque. In this thesis, we propose an improved stochastic magnetization dynamics/time-dependent spin transport model based on a finite-difference scheme of both the temporal and spatial derivatives to capture the key features of ASL. The approach yields new finite-difference conductance matrices, which, in addition to recovering the steady-state results, captures the dynamic behavior. The new conductance matrices are general in that the discretization framework can be readily applied and extended to other spintronic devices. Also, we provide a stable algorithm that can be used to simulate a generic ASL switch using the developed model.

OBJECTIVES: To assess the viability of using high-strength polymers as framework materials for full arch implant-supported fixed prostheses, veneered with full-coverage restorations of different materials. The machinability, mechanical performance, and damping capacity of the polymer-based materials was of interest. METHODS: The two framework polymers – a polyetheretherketone (JUVORA™ Dental Disk, Juvora) (PEEK) and a fiber-reinforced composite (TRINIA™ CAD/CAM Disk, Trinia) (TR) – were characterized with Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Phase 1 consisted of a machinability study involving the merlon fracture test, which tested the milling success of PEEK and TR at 0.1 mm, 0.2 mm, 0.3 mm, 0.4 mm, and 0.5 mm. 10 four-walled merlons of each thickness and material were milled out of CAD/CAM Disks (n = 100 merlons, n = 400 walls) using a 5-axis milling machine, inLab MC X5 (Dentsply Sirona, Germany). Milling success rate, fracture height, fracture length, fracture position, fracture direction, and chipping factor were assessed. In phase 2, 20 bars of dimensions 3.3 mm x 10 mm x 40 mm were milled from each of the two framework materials, PEEK and TR, and two veneer materials – a composite resin material (Shofu Disk HC, Shofu, Inc., Kyoto, Japan) (COM), and a high-translucency 3 mol% yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal material (Cercon® ht, Dentsply Sirona, Bensheim, Germany) (ZR). Framework and veneer bars were bonded to each other in 4 framework/veneer combinations of 10 bilayers each: PEEK/COM (PCB), PEEK/ZR (PZB), TR/COM (TCB), and TR/ZR (TZB). Bilayer bars were loaded to failure in a 3-point bending test. Failure load, biaxial flexural strength, failure pattern and failure mode were documented. In Phase 3, 10 full arch fixed implant-supported frameworks were designed and fabricated in TR material over an epoxy resin model containing 4 implants in the second premolar and lateral incisor positions. 5 frameworks were veneered by COM in the canine to first molar region, while the other 5 were veneered by ZR. Four loading sites were designated per prosthesis in the occlusal surface of the first molars and the first premolars. Prostheses were loaded at the four occlusal sites in 5 cycles of loading and unloading. The damping capacity of the prostheses was calculated based on energy absorbed during loading and unloading. Displacement and permanent deformation values of the prosthesis structures were obtained from the load-displacement data. Prostheses were loaded to failure at the same sites, and failure load and failure mode were observed. RESULTS: The minimum machined thickness of PEEK and TR was 0.5 mm. There was no significant difference between milling success of PEEK and TR, but cumulative success rate was slightly superior in PEEK. PEEK exhibited a ductile response to machining damage, while TR showed a more brittle response. Chipping factor of PEEK was higher than TR eightfold, meaning TR showed an improved marginal integrity at 0.5 mm. Both materials showed concerning signs of machining damage with the milling parameters and tools used in this study. Bilayer bars with a TR framework withstood significantly higher loads at failure compared to bilayers with a PEEK framework. Bilayer bars with a ZR veneer withstood significantly higher loads at failure compared to bilayers with a COM veneer. The biaxial flexural strength of the four framework/veneer combinations could not be compared due to the occurrence of delamination in 3 of the 4 groups. The PZB group was the only group with fracture of both the veneer and framework without any delamination and exhibited a mean biaxial flexural strength of 46.15 ± 5.76 MPa. None of the bilayer bars with a TR framework exhibited framework fracture. In delaminated specimens, bilayer bars with a TR framework exhibited mixed adhesive-cohesive failure on both layers, while bilayer bars with a PEEK framework exhibited purely adhesive failure on the PEEK-cement interface. Full arch implant prostheses with a TR framework demonstrated elastic hysteresis in continuous cycles of cyclic loading, which is evidence of viscoelastic damping. Significantly higher energy absorption was observed in prostheses veneered with COM compared to ZR. Energy absorption decreased with increasing cycles of loading-unloading. Significantly higher maximum displacement was observed in prostheses veneered with COM compared to ZR, and in cantilever support compared to bounded support. Maximum displacement was inversely related to the thickness of the veneer and framework materials. Permanent deformation of the prosthesis was negligible after 10 cycles. The failure pattern of all prostheses presented as fracture in the veneer only and partial delamination of the veneer with mixed adhesive-cohesive failure mode. The mean failure load at ZR-veneered bounded sites was significantly higher than that of COM-veneered bounded sites. The mean failure load at bounded loading sites was significantly higher than that of cantilever loading sites. ZR-veneered prostheses demonstrated failure load values above 1000 N at all sites. CONCLUSION: The merlon fracture test is well-complemented by several quantitative and qualitative measures to assess the machinability of materials. Optimized tools and parameters for milling PEEK and TR should be investigated. Full arch implant prostheses with TR framework and ZR veneer are a viable option for fixed implant rehabilitation demonstrating damping capacity, adequate failure load values, and easy repairability.

This thesis is focused on a project of all metal aircraft by UL-2 and LSA rules. The background research of aircrafts in existing category has been made in the market. The concept, with whom this thesis deals with, has been projected thanks to this analysis. The second part of the thesis is focused on avionics equipments of aircrafts. Market analysis has been made and the way of medernizing small sports airfts' equipment in categories UL and LSA has been projected.