Gentrification is popularly defined as a trend in the development of urban neighbourhoods that results in increased property values, and the displacement of lower-income families and existing small businesses. As a way of developing neighborhoods through urban projects, private development companies argue that the “ends justify the means” in their quest to “renew” and “revitalize” a “blighted” neighbourhood. This thesis asks what happens to those in the footprint of a development project. Taking a 22-acre multi-use urban megaproject in Brooklyn as a privileged site for inquiry, it documents and analyzes the experience of residents in initial and subsequent phases of the development process. Drawing on fieldwork and interviews with 28 individuals, the thesis argues that gentrification can be better understood by conceptualizing the social relations involved, in particular, those of corruption and community.

This doctoral research addresses the relationship between the sport of boxing and men’s desistance from violent crime. It examines how men make sense of violence as a result of participating in the sport, and how they subsequently rehearse and practice violence in their everyday lives both in and outside of the gym walls. Thirteen men were interviewed using Biographical Narrative Interviewing techniques as part of a six month ethnography in an inner-city boxing gym in the north of England. Furthermore, I spoke with three policy makers in the field of sport and desistance from crime, to ascertain whether or not they determined sport to be beneficial in promoting pro-social behaviour among adolescents. Throughout this thesis I pay particular attention to the participant’s understanding of violence and also how the logic of the gym reinforces attitudes favourable to violence and the maintenance of respect. Thus, this research discusses and elaborates on previous assumptions in sporting and desistance literature, and argues that while relevant, diversionary activities and sport-based rehabilitative programmes are only one element in the theory of change. In conclusion, arguments are put forward that state that boxing actually traps men in an attendant culture of respect that requires them to respond in aggressive ways to maintain an image of both masculinity and respect. This attendant culture - that is transposable between gym and street – can override the pro- social desisting elements that the gym can offer, and reinforces the logic and discourses that evokes and traps men in habits of responding to violence, therefore in terms of future policy and practice new directions need to be sought.

This is an ethnographic study designed to form an in-depth description and understanding of multilingual learners’ mathematical experiences and meaning-making in a plurilingual educational setting. I assumed a sociocultural perspective that draws from Vygotsky’s theory of learning and development. A sociocultural perspective offers a promising epistemological conceptualization of children, their learning, and language development as mediated by social, cultural, and historical contexts. One grade 2/3 classroom with 18 students from Eritrea, Nepal, Somalia, Sudan, and Syria participated in the study. The data included observations, video recordings of students working on mathematics activities, copies of students’ work, and interviews with students. The results of the study revealed the teacher’s pedagogical practices as a significant influence on students’ mathematical meaning-making and learning experiences, which in turn influenced students’ individual identities as mathematics learners in the grade 2/3 classroom. There were also institutional and sociopolitical aspects that influenced the teacher’s practices, and in turn, influenced students’ mathematics experiences. Hence, the influences on students’ learning of mathematics take the form or shape of a reciprocal formation where one influence is connected to and influences the other. The findings of the analysis also show that it was the students’ interactions with one another that were at the heart of their meaning making. Students’ interactions were significant to their meaning making as they were constantly learning from one another. Little meaning making would have happened without these interactions. These interactions encouraged students to develop a collection of resources to share their thinking and ideas through verbal, visual, and written mathematical communications. Hence, utilizing language to make meaning and to negotiate their mathematical understanding. Ultimately, the descriptions of multilingual learners’ mathematics experiences and meaning making may inform research and practices to support other multilingual learners’ experiences in mathematics education. This study also contributes to what is still a very limited body of literature on multilingual students’ mathematical experiences and meaning in a Canadian educational setting.

This is an investigation into the daily life of a small subsistence village called Rio Blanco located in the coastal province of Manabí, Ecuador. It is focused primarily on the traditional interactions between people and nature, how these interactions sustain life and create a sense of place and identity, and how these interactions are changing under pressure from the modern world. Through participant observation, information on the various aspects of interaction with the natural environment were collected. These include subsistence horticulture in the mountains of the cloud forest, movement through the landscape, and impacts on the immediate environment. The people of Rio Blanco depend heavily on their environment for the cultivation of food, procurement of non-timber forest resources, and above all as a place to call home. The repeated, quotidian interactions with nature and the environment cultivate a sense of place and in turn a sense of identity is daily born and perpetuated. / Includes bibliography. / Thesis (MA)--Florida Atlantic University, 2021. / FAU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Collection

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The dissertation that follows is a result of nearly two years of Zoom interviews with self-identified conservatives and/or former Republicans. In light of the changes brought forth by Trump and the new Republican Party, each of these individuals find themselves without a party to call their own. Situated during the heart of the Covid-19 Pandemic and the 2020 election, it is the story of how Donald Trump hijacked the Republican Party, and the lasting consequences polarization has on democratic institutions such as the United States. By giving voice to those previously silenced by political extremism, I argue in favour of a direct approach to political action using the methods commonly found within Anthropology. In doing so, we give voice to the individual previously silenced by extremism on both ends of the political spectrum. / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

Transnational caregivers are immigrants who reside and work in one country while simultaneously providing care to family members in their home country. Anthropologists have demonstrated in many cultural settings that despite geographic separation, transnational families attempt to maintain social relations, share resources, and provide care to one another. This thesis explores how Romanian migrants in Canada navigate care, a dynamic practice, within the context of sociocultural and political histories, cultural traditions, and a globalized world. It considers (1) how these migrants conceptualize aging and their migrant identity in relation to caregiving, (2) how migrants and their families maintain kin ties and care agreements, and (3) how migrants balance their personal circumstances with Romanian sociocultural expectations of care. I argue that Romania’s communist history plays a significant role in migrants’ reasons for leaving Romania, as well as in the availability of services related to elder well-being and health. Additionally, migrants and their families’ perceptions of institutional care versus family caregiving are influenced by their experiences living in Romania’s communist and post-communist eras. The stories in this thesis highlight the fact that moral values concerning care, conceptualizations of care, and actual care practices are not the same thing. This thesis shows that the Romanian migrants grew up with informal caregiving within the family home as the traditional and obligatory care practice, a value they maintain into adulthood. As such, many of them envisioned maintaining a similar routine as their parents aged – a plan that had to be readjusted after their migration. The result is a variety of care practices among my participants, with different intensities (time spent caregiving) and complexities (how many people are involved in care). The social pressures documented in this thesis are not just relevant to Romania, as many other places in Eastern Europe, Latin America, Africa, and Asia are experiencing similar crises in elder care due to the out-migration of the younger generation. / Thesis / Master of Arts (MA)

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Yes / This book chapter reports on an observational study of working and non-working behaviour in the JB Priestley Library, University of Bradford.