<p>Från röstblock till erkänd grupp</p><p>- en diskursanalytisk studie av Dagens Nyheters och Svenska Dagbladets förmedling av de svarta amerikanernas emancipering mellan 1956 och 1972</p>

Submitted by Viviane Lima da Cunha (viviane@biblioteca.ufpb.br) on 2016-06-29T12:40:17Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 2848354 bytes, checksum: 1fe6737fe306721188480cd39b8555b2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-29T12:40:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 2848354 bytes, checksum: 1fe6737fe306721188480cd39b8555b2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-01-30 / During the manufacture of footwear, are generated various types of waste, including the Ethylene Vinyl Acetat (EVA), as inevitable patchwork of expanded boards of the material to obtain the shoe formats. An alternative to an appropriate destination of EVA waste is its use in the manufacture of blocks produced with lightweight concrete. The issue addressed in this study is related to the thermal gains made by vertical sealing and thermal comfort of built environments. The environments that do not have the appropriate type of masonry to its climate generate thermal comfort problems due to loss, or excessive heat gain, what happens in regions with predominantly hot dry weather wet hot, as is the case of Northeast Brazil. Considering the thermal discomfort of environments due to misuse elements appropriate in the walls of buildings, as well as the problem of disposal of waste EVA, this work is to extend the characterization of the thermal performance of the blocks composed of EVA. Therefore, we sought to analyze compared samples developed from EVA blocks with other components. The study was done from the development of miniature single skin and double samples (made of EVA blocks, ceramic bricks and concrete blocks), which were tested in a thermal chamber composed of two rooms, a heated and another cooled, separated by an insulating partition in which the sample was inserted. The instrumentation was performed with the use of thermocouples installed in the walls and surfaces of the mini black globe thermometers in the chamber environment. From the experimental characterization of thermophysical properties such as thermal conductivity and density of the EVA blocks of various parameters calculations were performed as set out in NBR 15220-2 (ABNT, 2005b) and calculations to obtain the heat transfer rate of samples. The results demonstrate the efficiency of the insulation block with the highest percentage of waste and the various samples using proposed block can meet EVA hot and wet/dry climate requirements. / Durante a fabricação dos calçados geram-se vários tipos de resíduos, entre eles os de Etileno Acetado de Vinila (EVA), na forma de retalhos das placas expandidas do material usados na obtenção dos formatos dos calçados. Uma alternativa para o destino adequado desses resíduos de EVA é a sua utilização na confecção de blocos, produzidos com concreto leve. O tema abordado na presente pesquisa está relacionado com os ganhos térmicos adquiridos pelas vedações verticais e o conforto térmico dos ambientes construídos. Ambientes que não possuem o tipo de alvenaria adequada ao seu clima geram problemas de conforto térmico devido à perda, ou ganho excessivo de calor, o que acontece em regiões com clima predominantemente quente e seco e quente e úmido, como é o caso do litoral e semi-árido do Nordeste do Brasil. Considerando-se o desconforto térmico dos ambientes devido a má utilização de elementos apropriados nas alvenarias das edificações, assim como, a problemática do destino final dos resíduos de EVA, este trabalho visa ampliar a caracterização do desempenho térmico dos blocos compostos por EVA. Com isso, se buscou analisar comparativamente amostras desenvolvidas a partir de Blocos EVA com outros tipos de componentes. O estudo foi feito a partir da elaboração de amostras de mini paredes simples e duplas (constituídas por blocos EVA, tijolos cerâmicos e blocos de concreto), ensaiadas dentro de uma câmara térmica composta por dois ambientes, um aquecido e outro refrigerado, separados por uma divisória isolante. A instrumentação foi realizada com o uso de termopares instalados nas superfícies das mini paredes e de termômetros de globo negro nos ambientes da câmara. A partir da caracterização experimental das propriedades termofísicas, tais como condutividade térmica e densidade, dos blocos EVA foram realizados cálculos de vários parâmetros, como previsto na NBR 15220-2 (ABNT, 2005b) e cálculos para a obtenção da taxa de transferência de calor das amostras. Os resultados demostram a eficiência de isolamento do bloco com maior percentual de resíduo e que as diferentes amostras de mini paredes simples e duplas, propostas com o uso de blocos EVA, podem atender as exigências do clima quente e úmido e quente e seco.

Från röstblock till erkänd grupp - en diskursanalytisk studie av Dagens Nyheters och Svenska Dagbladets förmedling av de svarta amerikanernas emancipering mellan 1956 och 1972

The portrayal of other groups of people than our own often run the risk of depicting the individuals in these groups in a simplified way. We often view ourselves as complex beings, with several defining memberships connected to our person. These memberships can be as students, siblings, religious, political, friends, and musicians, to name but a few. This definition is not always as certain in our portrayal of others, more foreign to our everyday life. The supporters of the opposing football team or voters of the rivalling political party might just be defined by these confining identities. Examples of this phenomenon are legion in human history, whether it is nazi Germany’s propaganda that dehumanized the Jewish population or Apartheid’s definition of worth through skin colour. The understanding of how this style of simplified portrayal dehumanizes the portrayed subject is important to teach in our schools. The power of our choice of definition of the people around us needs to be taught to students. The first step towards giving students an understanding of the subject is to show them solid examples of this in history. The focus of this study is therefore to analyse letters from Swedish missionaries in South Africa and how they portrayed the South African population during the official introduction of Apartheid. Amartya Sen’s theorem of identity and violence has been used as a tool during the analysis to achieve this goal. The results showed that many of the missionaries changed their portrayal of the black population during the investigation period, 1945–1951, from a simplified to a diverse description. Their depiction of the white population, however, stayed relatively the same during the entire period.