The research herein was developed to gain a robust understating of the relationship of transformational leadership and work environment in East Africa (Bass & Avolio, 1994). Likewise, the study provides additional data and an examination of what correlation and impact the aforementioned have on organizational commitment. The research faced many challenges, including examining a new model in a high context society that relies heavily on enriched clan, subclan, tribes, super tribes, and communal relationships, which had not been tested prior. Valid and reliable survey instruments included 60 questions from the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ-5X), 90 questions from the Work Environment Survey (WES), 30 questions from the Three-Component Model (TCM), and a demographic survey, which ensured research efforts were consistent with previous studies (Bass & Avolio, 1994; Meyer & Allen, 1991; Moos & Insel, 2008). Over 15,121 emails from 63 countries were sent out randomly from the Directory of Development Organizations (2010) database. The degree of accuracy and a high degree of validity was reached at a rate of .05 (Krejcie & Morgan, 1970). A response rate of 36.4% was achieved, which was acceptable for the study. The study relied on English as the language of choice, given that over 2,000 dialects and languages exist in East Africa, thereby reducing contextual risk significantly. The statistical methodology used incorporated advanced SPSS software to process the Mahalanobis distance and Pearson coefficients to test five hypotheses. There were 188 cases available for analysis and 22 cases identified through Mahalanobis distance as multivariate outliers. The findings conformed to previous studies of transformational leadership and organizational commitment in organizations as being highly significant and correlative. Work environment was found not to be significant to transformational leadership or organizational commitment. Therefore, more research is required to understand this phenomenon and to make recommendations to leaders and managers to increase levels of influence and encouragement in the work environment. By doing so, a greater return of investment should be obtained for companies, for work areas, and for the work force, which participates in the global marketplace.

This volume (in 2 parts) is a study of 218 historical photographs in the collection of the Museum of Ethnography in Leipzig relating to three ethnic groups in East Africa - the Maasai, Chagga and Pare. / Dieser Band präsentiert (in zwei Teilen) eine Studie von 218 historischen Fotografien der Sammlung des Museums für Völkerkunde zu Leipzig im Bezug auf drei ethnische Gruppen in Ostafrika - die Maasai, Chagga und Pare.

This volume is a sequel to Volumes 4 and 17. All three volumes list articles and photographs in the Leipzig Mission's main journal relating to what are now northern Tanzania and southern Kenya, where the Mission worked. This volume covers the years 1906-1910.

Obituary in memory of John Francis Marchmant Middleton

There is a large amount of literature about corruption and its impacts on conflict and democratization. In the latest decades, scholars have also tried to explain why political corruption trickles down to the public sector. However, less is known about under what circumstances that political corruption trickles down to the private sector. This is the puzzle for this thesis. A second contribution is to look at ethnically heterogenous countries in particular, as possible links between ethnicity and corruption have rarely been covered by previous research. The research question that guides this thesis is: Why do some politically corrupt, ethnically heterogenous, countries experience higher levels of private sector corruption than others? The possible relationship between ethic politization and private sector corruption will be investigated. Based on theories of norms and group behaviour, the paper formulates the hypothesis: higher levels of ethnic politization increases the risk for/level of private sector corruption. Through a Sructured Focused Comparison, the paper will compare two cases: Kenya and Tanzania. The study finds support for a relationship between ethnic politization and higher levels of private sector corruption. However. parts of the suggested causal mechanism will need further revising by future research.

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