Aquaculture and fisheries hold promise for supplying a growing world population with healthy food produced without undermining the earth’s carrying capacity. However, just as livestock production and agriculture, seafood production can have negative environmental impacts and if a continuous or even increased supply is to be guaranteed, the pressure on affected ecosystems needs to be limited. Due in part to a perceived failure of other governance mechanisms in improving the environmental performance of the sector, a large number of voluntary market based standards for farmed and wild caught seafood have been developed. Nonetheless, the knowledge base on the extent to which implementation leads to environmental improvements remains limited. Moreover, the role of consumers in driving demand for eco-labeled seafood is presently an under-researched area. This thesis aims at reducing this knowledge gap through an examination of the potential environmental effectiveness of aquaculture eco-certification and internal, psychological variables predicted to be of importance for sustainable seafood consumption. Put differently, what is the potential of eco-certification in greening the blue revolution and fuel ‘turquoise growth’, and how can consumer demand be spurred? In Paper I, the role of eco-certification in improving the growing aquaculture sector at large was explored. Results showed that environmental effects at global scale likely will be limited due to e.g. partial coverage of species groups and environmental impacts, and a lack of focus on Asian markets and consumers. In Paper II the environmental performance of eco-certified and non-certified mangrove-integrated shrimp farms in Vietnam was compared by using Life Cycle Assessment and put in relation to conventional, more intensive farms. While there was no substantial difference between certified and non-certified farms in terms of environmental impacts, emissions of greenhouse gasses were higher for mangrove-integrated than conventional farms due to mangrove land use change. The results from Paper III demonstrated that the body of literature investigating ecological effects of seafood eco-certification is limited. ‘Spatially explicit ecosystem service information’ (ES-information) on e.g. key ecosystem services and biodiversity in a given area is suggested to have potential to improve sustainability standards. Taking guidance from the pro-environmental behavior literature, consumers in Stockholm, Sweden were consulted on awareness of and attitudes towards eco-labeled seafood (Paper IV-V). Two variables, concern for environmental impacts and knowledge about seafood eco-labels were the best predictors for stated eco-labeled seafood purchasing. Moreover, there seemed to be a misalignment between consumers’ expectations on eco-labeled food in general and certification requirements for eco-labeled seafood. From this set of findings, a number of improvements of current seafood eco-certification are suggested. First, include an LCA-perspective in standards to a higher degree than presently done and provide readily available ES-information in the implementation and evaluation phase of certification. Second, introduce standardized mechanisms for capturing potential environmental improvements over time. And finally, stimulate demand by targeting Asian consumers and markets as well as strengthen consumer eco-label awareness and emotional involvement. / <p>At the time of the doctoral defense, the following paper was unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 5: Manuscript.</p><p> </p>

Dans un monde de plus en plus urbanisé, qui vit une crise caractérisée en partie par les exclusions, la ségrégation et l’accélération des mobilités (T. Paquot, 2012), l’espace public est sacrifié, la qualité de vie dégradée, le mode de vie énergivore et polluant.Les villes durables peuvent-elles être considérées comme la meilleure alternative à tous les problèmes? Revenir vers la ville ancienne comme l’avait souhaité C. Sitte, peut-il constituer une solution pour demain ? Qu’en est-il de la Médina de Constantine parfois perçue comme une « non-ville » ? Qu’en est-il de son patrimoine ? Notre questionnement porte sur le rôle que peuvent jouer les espaces publics dans la revalorisation du patrimoine bâti pour en faire un lieu vivable, durable et apprécié. Dans ce contexte, la vieille ville de Constantine avec son histoire, sa morphologie et son évolution urbaine, représente le coeur de notre recherche, laquelle s’appuie sur une démarche comparative avec l’écoquartier Vauban à Fribourg-en-Brisgau qui sert comme référence pour conduire ce travail.Les espaces publics sont donc au centre de notre travail, afin de mettre en valeur le patrimoine bâti et améliorer la qualité de vie des habitants et des usagers, loin des objectifs de la seule patrimonialisation. Cette thèse de doctorat cherche à montrer que la Médina est un bon enseignement et une alternative à la ville d’aujourd’hui, notamment lorsqu’elle est croisée avec la ville durable. Nous avons choisi, d’intégrer le développement durable à la Médina à travers plusieurs sujets : l’accessibilité, la mobilité, la densité, la proximité des services, la gestion des déchets, les éléments d’ambiances qui participent à la fabrique de l’espace public, donc des paysages urbains. Afin de confirmer l’hypothèse que la Médina dispose d’une bonne base pour devenir un quartier durable, nous avons élargi notre recherche par une analyse architecturale et sociale appuyée par plusieurs sujets, à savoir la diversité de logements, la participation citoyenne, la mixité. Cela, à travers l’observation et la marche urbaine comme méthode d’analyse des usagers, des usages, des pratiques qui participent à l’attractivité et au maintien en vie des espaces publics. En somme, cette thèse décrit deux expériences que rien ne rassemble mais qui sont étroitement liées au point d’avoir plus de convergences que de divergences. Bien que, la Médina reste loin d’être performante en matière de durabilité par rapport à Vauban, la comparaison nous a amené à conclure qu’une démarche démocratique, à travers ce qu’elle crée comme liens sociaux et rencontres entre les personnes, joue un rôle très important dans la fabrique de l’espace public et dans sa capacité à offrir une meilleure qualité de vie aux habitants. Enfin, elle souligne les éléments à suivre ou à éviter pour la réussite d’un projet de revalorisation de la Médina à travers ses espaces publics et de conception d’éco quartiers qui, peut-être dureront autant que la Médina de Constantine. / Within a world more and more urbanised, which live a crisis partially characterised by exclusions, segregation, and acceleration of mobility (T. Paquot, 2012). The public space is being sacrified, the quality of life degraded, the way of life is energy consuming, and polluting. Could the eco-cities be considered as the best alternatives for all the problems? The return to the historic city like it was desired C.sitte, could it constitute a solution for tomorrow? What about the Medina of Constantine, sometimes, perceived as none city? What about its heritage? Our questioning is concerned about the role that could play the public spaces in the revalorisation of the built heritage and to make it a place of life, sustainable, and appreciated. Within that context, the ancient city of Constantine with its history, its morphology and its urban evolution, represent the heart of our research, which is based in comparative approach with the eco-neighbourhood in Freibourg-in-brisgau wich serves as a reference to lead this work. Hence, the public spaces are in the centre of our work, in order to, put in value the built heritage, and to enhance the quality of life of inhabitants, and the users, far from the objectives of just making part of heritage. This doctoral thesis seek to reveal that the medina is a good lesson, and a good alternative to the city of today, particularly when it is met with the sustainable city. We choose to integrate the sustainable development to the medina through a variety of subjects : the accessibility, the mobility, the density, the proximity of amenities, the waste management, the elements of urban ambiance that participate in the fabrication of the public space, therefore urban landscapes. In order to confirm the hypothesis that the Medina have a good bases to be a sustainable neighbourhood, we widen our research by integrating architectural and social analysis focusing in many subjects, the diversity of habitat, the citizen participation, the mixed. This through observation and the go along as a method of analysis of users, uses, practices that participate in the attractively and the maintenance of life within public spaces. In sum, this thesis describes two experiences which are not similar, but, tightly linked to the point of having more convergence rather than divergence. Although, the medina still far from performance in terms of sustainability in regards to Vauban, the comparison offer us to conclude that a democratic approach play an important role in the fabrication of public space and its capacity to offer a better quality of life for inhabitants. In the end, it underline the elements to follow or to avoid for the success of a project of revalorisation of the medina through its public spaces, and the conception of eco-neighbourhood which, could last as long as the medina of Constantine.

Purpose: Environmental sustainability was firstly thought to be an obstacle to economic development, whereas innovation promotes it. Nowadays, the contradiction between these two terms is less and the purpose of this paper is to highlight the importance of the connection between environmental sustainability and eco-innovations as this can lead to a win to win procedure with the help of the relevant strategies that should be applicable based also on scientific evidence. Design – Methodology – Approach: This paper consists of four case studies in the sustainability and eco-innovation sector in Sweden. An abductive method is used. Emails were sent and phone calls were made to the companies. Skype and telephone interviews were conducted. Findings: The findings provide a practical contribution to the companies of how certain strategies can be implemented in businesses so as to connect environmental sustainability and eco-innovations. Moreover, the findings showed that barriers did not appear that could influence or change companies’ strategies. Research limitations / implications: This paper is only limited to one dimension of sustainability, that of the environment, besides focuses on eco-innovations that come from the gulf of the environmental sustainability. Furthermore, the thesis is limited in the strategies that businesses implement towards environmental sustainability and eco-innovations, as well as the potentials barriers that may come up. Practical Implications: The practical implications are identified to the actions / strategies that businesses follow towards environmental sustainability and eco-innovations. Originality – Value: This paper finds and fills the gap that many companies have as far as the non-comprehension of how environmental sustainability and eco-innovations are connected by the means of implementing specific strategies. Key Words: sustainability, innovation, eco-innovation, strategies for sustainability and eco-innovations, barriers. Paper: Master Thesis

This study sought to determine differential importance of environmental criteria on product labels as judged by consumers in relation to socio-demographic factors. Five product categories and thirteen criteria were used in this study. Characterizing the `ecologically concerned consumer' may be helpful in developing market segmentation strategies. Findings from this study may provide knowledge about predictors of environmentally responsible consumption behavior. Such research may guide environmental labeling efforts to reduce environmental burdens of consumption.In this study consumers differentially endorsed ecolabel criteria. Further, differential importance was significant for gender, ethnicity, and income. Research is needed to explore the relationships between respondent demographics and eco-label criteria importance.It is necessary to consider importance of criteria to consumers. Without consumer interest, eco-labeling schemes are doomed to fail. Thus, it is recommended that ecolabeling schemes consider the importance of eco-label criteria, particularly, criteria related to social welfare. / Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Management

L'éco-conception est un processus permettant aux entreprises industrielles d'assumer leur responsabilité relative aux impacts générés par leurs produits. Les contraintes liées aux impacts environnementaux sont intégrées dans les stades avancés de la conception. Du fait de ses spécificités, tant au niveau de la structure du produit que de la complexité des processus de conception, l'industrie microélectronique s'est trouvée jusqu'alors en marge de considérations avancées sur l'impact de ses produits. L'objectif du travail de recherche est de définir une méthodologie d'éco-conception dédiée à la microélectronique permettant d'identifier les méthodes, outils et indicateurs susceptibles d'être déployés dans les départements de R&D. La stratégie associée vise à accroître la sensibilité environnementale des concepteurs et à les conduire à trouver des alternatives influant positivement sur l'environnement. Notre méthodologie repose sur une plateforme méthodologique intégrant plusieurs outils, chacun dédié à une activité indépendante de la conception de produits microélectroniques. L'évaluation environnementale est basée sur l'analyse de cycle de vie (ACV). Dans les phases préliminaires de conception, la connaissance du produit (structure, propriétés et performances) est limitée, alors la modélisation de son cycle de vie est réalisée à l'aide « d'ACV-simplifiée » : cela consiste à prédire l'impact d'un produit en développement grâce à des mécanismes d'adaptation par analogie basés sur l'étude des générations précédentes. En plus de solutions techniques appropriées, l'intégration de l'éco-conception dans une entreprise nécessite certains changements organisationnels : une modification du processus de conception a été proposée ainsi que des recommandations pour l'intégration d'un système de gestion de l'environnement orienté sur les produits. / Eco-design represents a natural process for industries wishing to fulfil their role in safeguarding environment and resources. The constraint linked to impacts becomes a decisive factor which can be systematically integrated in the early stages of products development. Because of chips specificities, both in structure and complexity of design process, microelectronic industry has been up to now out of advanced considerations related to chips environnemental performances. Our target was to define an eco-design methodology dedicated to microelectronic sector including the identification of methods, tools and indicators which have the highest chance to be deployed in R&D departments. The strategy aims to increase designers' environmental consciousness and drive them to explore innovative opportunities that can positively impact the environment during design phase. Our methodology relies on a platform integrating three tools, each one of them dedicated to a part of chip design. Environmental analysis is based on Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). In the preliminary stages of design, knowledge on product (structure, properties and performances) is limited so the evaluation is assessed using “Quick LCA”: it consists in predicting the environmental footprint of an under-development product thanks to adaptive mechanism based on the evaluation of previous generations. In addition to technical solutions, an optimized integration of an innovative process such as eco-design requires organizational changes into the company: a proposal for internal design process modification was done including recommendations for integration of a product-oriented management system.

El presente proyecto consta de un plan de negocios sobre la venta de envases eco-amigables hechas con materiales compostables. Se consideró como universo de estudio las zonas 6,7 y 8 de la ciudad Lima Metropolitana con enfoque en niveles socioeconómicos “A”, “B” y “C”. En la actualidad, el mundo está enfrentando retos ambientales por la falta de conciencia y alternativas sostenibles. La sobre producción de plástico ha provocado grandes consecuencias en la contaminación de nuestro al rededor. Por este motivo, nació una tendencia ambientalista que promueve iniciativas que buscan cuidar del entorno y se dio la oportunidad de negocio para ofrecer tapers, platos y vasos que no dañan el medio ambiente con nuestra empresa, Globest. Para poner en marcha este emprendimiento se necesitará una inversión inicial de 23,910 soles, financiado completamente por los propietarios. / The following project consists of a business plan to sell eco-friendly tableware made with compostable materials. The universe considered for this study involves areas 6, 7 and 8 of Lima, focused on socio-economic statuses “A”, “B” and “C”. Currently, the world is facing environmental challenges due to the lack of awareness and sustainable alternatives. The over production of plastic has caused great consequences, in terms of the pollution of our surroundings. For this reason, a green trend was born that promotes initiatives that seek to take care of the environment and a business opportunity emerged to offer plates, cups and take out containers that do not harm the environment with our company, Globest. To start up this business venture, an initial investment of 23,910 soles will be needed, fully financed by the owners. / Trabajo de investigación

For  many  off-road drive   lovers,  planning a journey to  Tibet   is an ultimate dream.  However, the eco-system there  is quite sensitive and fragile. In this project I try to design  a sustainable vehicle that  could make us enjoy  an expedition to Tibet  while  protecting such precious environment. Research  about future trends, about the  environmental conditions, about emerging powertrain technologies and the Jeep brand helped me to establish my design  concept. Package  study, ideation sketches and clay modelling were used to develop both styling and functionality aspects of the vehicle. Digital modelling supported the fabrication of a quarter scale model.  Storytelling was used  to  explain the  concept and  the  situations that  Jeep  E-pic  drivers could meet  during their expedition. The result  is a self-powered all-terrain vehicle designed to carry  two occupants and their  expedition gear and equipped with various tools to handle  eventual maintenance and rescue  situations.

M.Arch.(Professional), Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, University of the Witwatersrand, 2010 / The world’s oceans, seas and coastal areas are today, in a critical state of distress, facing a greater array of problems and dangers than ever before imagined. With over half of the world's population living along coastal areas, there has been unprecedented commercial and residential over development. Pollution from cities and industry, anthropogenic waste disposal, oil spills, and intense over fi shing, increasingly threaten living and non-living resources in the coastal and ocean environments - adversely impacting and fundamentally changing natural ecosystems, and even threatening human health. Marine life and vital coastal habitats are straining under the increasing pressure of deteriorating sea water quality and the cumulative eff ects of excessive human use. The ability of marine ecosystems to produce the economic and ecological goods and services that we desire and need, have been substantially reduced. In some instances there has been a signifi cant decline of ocean wildlife and even collapses of entire ocean ecosystems. It is clearly evident that what we once considered to be inexhaustible and resilient is, in fact, fi nite and fragile. It is however, only through a high level and intense form of research and understanding, that we as human beings can begin to understand the ways in which we can help conserve such a system. Only once we understand the eff ect we are having on such an ecosystem, can we begin to understand the ways in which we need to change. It is only through research, and consequently conservation, that we will be able to identify how a relationship between human beings and the natural world can exist in a sustainable and symbiotic relationship. This thesis will explore how a man-made artifi cial intervention can and must have a signifi cant impact on the environment in which it sits, both directly and indirectly. Through the establishment of a rich research and conservation hub within a bio diverse ecosystem, a symbiotic relationship, whereby two completely diff erent systems work together to ensure the sustainability of the whole, is established

Ce travail de thèse a pour objectif de comprendre le fonctionnement éco-hydrologique de la plaine alluviale du bassin du Milo, haut affluent du Niger en Guinée. La collecte et la synthèse de toutes les données hydro-climatiques disponibles au cours des cinquante dernières années montrent un déficit hydrique dans la zone d'étude depuis les années 1970. L'analyse des ripisylves a été réalisée sur deux sites plus ou moins impactés par l'activité l'anthropique le long de la rivière Milo. L'étude dendrochronologique a montré qu'une dizaine d'espèces peuvent présenter des cernes de croissance. Néanmoins, en raison d'une délimitation des cernes pas toujours évidente, une forte incertitude limite une étude dendro-climatique approfondie. L'analyse isotopique des échantillons d'eaux prélevées a montré une forte variation saisonnière et une bonne connectivité entre la rivière et sa nappe alluviale. L'essai de mesures dendroisotopiques suggère des variations possibles de source d'eau entre saisons et périodes sèches et humides. L'analyse de la biodiversité forestière donne des indices sur la structure et le fonctionnement des ripisylves et sur leur degré et modalité d'atteinte de leur intégrité écologique. Elle montre des différences significatives entre sites et entre unités géomorphologiques composant la plaine alluviale avec une meilleure préservation des fonctionnalités de la ripisylve sur le site de Kérouané moins soumis à la pression anthropique. / This thesis aims to understand the eco-hydrological functioning of the alluvial plain from the Milo basin, upper tributary of Niger River in Guinea. The research of all hydro-climatic data available over the last fifty years, and its synthesis, shows a water deficit since the 1970s in this area. The riparian analysis was carried out on two sites more or less impacted by anthropic activities along the river Milo. The dendrochronological study has shown that a dozen of species may display growth rings. Nevertheless, due to bad tree rings limit definition, a high uncertainty remain to assess a correct tree dating, which limits any dendro-climatic studies. The isotopic analysis of the water samples showed a strong seasonal variation and a good connectivity between the river and its alluvial ground water. The trial of dendro-isotopic measurements suggests possible water sources change between seasons, and also between dry and wet periods. The analysis of the forest biodiversity gives indications on the structure and functioning of riparian forests, and on the corresponding ecological integrity's degree and modality. It shows significant differences between sites and between geomorphological units of the alluvial plain. There is a better protection of the riparian features along the Kérouané site, which is less subject to anthropic pressure.

Tese de mestrado integrado. Engenharia Civil. Faculdade de Engenharia. Universidade do Porto. 2010